Alignment between the factors of the innovation process and public sector innovation support measures: an analysis of Estonian dairy processors and biotechnology enterprises
Date
2010-11-16
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Abstract
Enamik riike soovib toetada firmade innovatiivsust, kuna selles nähakse konkurentsivõime peamist tegurit. Ka firmad ise on innovatiivsusest huvitatud, sest uuendusmeelsus suurendab tulu ja/või parandab firma teisi majandusliku edukuse näitajaid. Üheks võimaluseks tõstmaks ettevõtete innovatiivsust, on efektiivne avaliku sektori innovatsiooni toetusmeetmestik. Toetusmeetmestik peab olema suunatud innovatsiooniprotsessi takistavate tegurite kõrvaldamisele või nende negatiivse mõju leevendamisele. Tihti on innovatsiooni toetusmeetmestiku rakendamine ebaefektiivne. Toetusmeetmete efektiivsuse tõstmiseks peab iga riik analüüsima, millised on need barjäärid või innovatsiooniprotsessi etapid, mis põhjustavad probleeme ettevõtetele, ning kujundama innovatsiooni toetusmeetmestikku vastavalt sellele.
Käesoleva doktoritöö eesmärgiks oli ettepanekute tegemine innovatsiooni toetusmeetmestiku efektiivsuse tõstmiseks, toetudes kattuvusanalüüsi tulemustele. Kattuvusanalüüsi rakendamiseks pidi töö autor välja töötama vastavad instrumendid. Kattuvusanalüüsi käigus võrreldi innovatsiooniprotsessi tegureid teatud kindlas sektoris ja vastava riigi innovatsiooni toetusmeetmestikuga. Võrdluse tulemusena selgusid innovatsiooniprotsessi tegurid, mis põhjustasid probleeme ettevõtetele, kuid ei olnud kaetud innovatsiooni toetavate meetmetega, see tähendab, et puudus kattuvus tegurite ja meetmete vahel.
Analüüsi tulemusena jõuti ettepanekuteni, mis aitavad tõsta Eesti innovatsiooni toetusmeetmestiku efektiivsust toetamaks Eesti piimatöötlejaid ja biotehnoloogia ettevõtteid. Need kaks ettevõtete gruppi valiti, et analüüsida kahte suhteliselt erinevat tegevusala. Piimatöötlejad esindavad traditsioonilist tööstusharu, biotehnoloogia ettevõtted aga kõrgtehnoloogilisi ettevõtteid. Biotehnoloogiliste lahenduste kasutamine piimatöötlejate poolt võimaldas analüüsida ka kõrgtehnoloogia kasutamist traditsioonilises sektoris ehk kahe grupi kokkupuutepunkte.
The majority of countries attempt to support the innovativeness of their firms because innovativeness is seen as the most important component of competitiveness. Also, firms are interested in being innovative because successful innovative projects are usually linked to increases in profits and/or other indicators describing the economic success of the enterprise. To support innovations in enterprises the government could implement public sector innovation support measures targeting the most important problems in the innovation process. Often the implementation of public sector innovation support measures is inefficient. To increase the efficiency of innovation support measures, every country has to identify the barriers or problematic stages of the innovation process for enterprises in that specific country and design innovation support measures accordingly. The aim of the thesis was to provide suggestions on how to increase the efficiency of public sector innovation support measures based on the results of alignment analysis. To implement the alignment analysis author had to develop instruments for it. Alignment analysis was based on a comparison between the factors of the innovation process in one specific sector and specific country, and the innovation support measures implemented in that specific country. The analysis revealed the areas where factors of the innovation process causing problems for enterprises are not targeted by innovation support measures, so, misalignment exists. The findings were used to develop suggestions for dairy processors, biotechnology enterprises and Estonian policy makers on how to increase the efficiency of public sector innovation support measures. Dairy processors and biotechnology enterprises were chosen because of the differences and similarities existing between them. Dairy processors have been classified as belonging to a traditional manufacturing industry and biotech enterprises represent high-tech enabling technology. At the same time they are interlinked and some cooperation takes place between those two areas in Estonia. This enabled to study alignment based on two rather different economic activities, which at the same time are interlinked.
The majority of countries attempt to support the innovativeness of their firms because innovativeness is seen as the most important component of competitiveness. Also, firms are interested in being innovative because successful innovative projects are usually linked to increases in profits and/or other indicators describing the economic success of the enterprise. To support innovations in enterprises the government could implement public sector innovation support measures targeting the most important problems in the innovation process. Often the implementation of public sector innovation support measures is inefficient. To increase the efficiency of innovation support measures, every country has to identify the barriers or problematic stages of the innovation process for enterprises in that specific country and design innovation support measures accordingly. The aim of the thesis was to provide suggestions on how to increase the efficiency of public sector innovation support measures based on the results of alignment analysis. To implement the alignment analysis author had to develop instruments for it. Alignment analysis was based on a comparison between the factors of the innovation process in one specific sector and specific country, and the innovation support measures implemented in that specific country. The analysis revealed the areas where factors of the innovation process causing problems for enterprises are not targeted by innovation support measures, so, misalignment exists. The findings were used to develop suggestions for dairy processors, biotechnology enterprises and Estonian policy makers on how to increase the efficiency of public sector innovation support measures. Dairy processors and biotechnology enterprises were chosen because of the differences and similarities existing between them. Dairy processors have been classified as belonging to a traditional manufacturing industry and biotech enterprises represent high-tech enabling technology. At the same time they are interlinked and some cooperation takes place between those two areas in Estonia. This enabled to study alignment based on two rather different economic activities, which at the same time are interlinked.
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Keywords
dissertatsioonid, innovatsioon, piimatööstus