Sensorimotor and social functioning in children with developmental speech and language disorders
Date
2011-05-31
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Abstract
Kõnehäire on kõige sagedamini esinev arenguline probleem eelkoolieas. Kõne ja keele spetsiifilisi arenguhäireid (KKSAH), mis jagunevad omakorda erinevateks alaliikideks, diagnoositakse juhul, kui lapsel esineb ebaselge etioloogiaga kõne või keele häireid, ehkki lapse areng teistes valdkondades vastab ealistele normidele.
Käesoleva uurimistöö eesmärgiks oli välja selgitada lihasjõu, paigalt üleshüppe võime, funktsionaalsete motoorsete oskuste, käe stereognoosia ning sotsiaalsete oskuste tase kerge/mõõduka KKSAH-ga eelkooliealistel lastel võrreldes tervete eakaaslastega ning lähtudes kõnehäire alaliigist.
Uuringus osales kokku 93 kerge/mõõduka KKSAH-ga ning 78 tavapärase arenguga lasteaialast vanuses 4-6 eluaastat. Esimeses uuringus võrreldi omavahel kerge/mõõduka KKSAH-ga lapsi sõltumata kõnehäire liigist ning terveid lapsi. Teises uuringus võrreldi kerge/mõõduka ekspressiivse kõnehäirega (EKH) ning terveid poisse. Kolmandas uuringus võrreldi omavahel kerge EKH-ga laste gruppi, kerge artikulatsioonihäirega (AH) laste gruppi ja tervete laste gruppi.
Uurimuse tulemusena selgus, et alajäsemete sirutajalihaste jõud on kerge/mõõduka KKSAH-ga tüdrukutel ja EKH-ga poistel tervete eakaaslastega võrreldes väiksem. Tahtelise pingutuse ja lõõgastuse kiirus seevastu kõnehäirega ja tervetel lastel oluliselt ei erine. KKSAH-ga lastel on paigalt üleshüppe kõrgus tervete eakaaslastega võrreldes madalam, samas aga ei ilmne erinevusi hüppe äratõukefaasis arendatud maksimaaljõu osas. Silm-käsi koordinatsioonis KKSAH-ga ning tervetel lastel olulised erinevused puuduvad, küll aga on kerge või mõõduka EKH-ga laste funktsionaalse motoorse soorituse tase, iseäranis palli käsitlemise oskus ja tasakaal, ning käe stereognoosia oluliselt madalam võrreldes AH-ga ja tervete lastega. Sotsiaalsete oskuste tase on kerge EKH-ga lastel madalam kui nende tervetel eakaaslastel, AH-ga ja tervete laste vahel selline erinevus aga puudub.
Kokkuvõtteks võib öelda, et isegi kerge ekspressiivse kõnehäirega eelkooliealiste laste motoorsed võimed, käe stereognoosia ja sotsiaalsed oskused on madalamal tasemel võrreldes artikulatsioonihäiretega lastega ning tervete eakaaslastega.
Developmental speech and language disorder (DSLD) is the most common complaint for preschool-age children. DSLD can be divided into more specified subgroups and is diagnosed in children with significant language problems with unknown cause and with no other obvious impairments. The present study was designed to identify the characteristic features of muscle strength, vertical jumping performance, functional motor performance, haptic perception and social interaction abilities in preschool children with mild/moderate DSLD in comparison of healthy peers and considering the type of DSLD. Ninety-three children with mild/moderate DSLD and 78 children with typical development aged 4-6 years participated in this study. In Paper I, children with mild/moderate DSLD without distinguishing the types of disorder and children with typical development were compared. In Paper II, boys with mild/moderate impairment of expressive language (IEL) were compared to boys with regular development. In Paper III, children with mild IEL, with mild articulation disorder (AD), and with typical development were compared. Our study revealed that muscle strength of leg extensors is lower in girls with DSLD and in boys with mild/moderate IEL compared to controls. The capacity for rapid contraction and relaxation of the muscles does not differ in children with DSLD compared to controls. Children with DSLD have lower vertical jumping height, whereas peak vertical ground reaction force during take-off phase is similar to typically developing children. The eye-hand coordination in children with DSLD is in level with controls, but the functional motor performance, especially ball skills and balance, and haptic object-recognition in children with mild IEL are poor relative to children with AD and controls. The social interaction ability is lower in children with mild IEL compared to normative sample, whereas children with mild AD are in level with regular children. In summary, preschool children with mild IEL are inferior in motor performance, haptic perception and social interaction compared to children with mild AD or healthy peers.
Developmental speech and language disorder (DSLD) is the most common complaint for preschool-age children. DSLD can be divided into more specified subgroups and is diagnosed in children with significant language problems with unknown cause and with no other obvious impairments. The present study was designed to identify the characteristic features of muscle strength, vertical jumping performance, functional motor performance, haptic perception and social interaction abilities in preschool children with mild/moderate DSLD in comparison of healthy peers and considering the type of DSLD. Ninety-three children with mild/moderate DSLD and 78 children with typical development aged 4-6 years participated in this study. In Paper I, children with mild/moderate DSLD without distinguishing the types of disorder and children with typical development were compared. In Paper II, boys with mild/moderate impairment of expressive language (IEL) were compared to boys with regular development. In Paper III, children with mild IEL, with mild articulation disorder (AD), and with typical development were compared. Our study revealed that muscle strength of leg extensors is lower in girls with DSLD and in boys with mild/moderate IEL compared to controls. The capacity for rapid contraction and relaxation of the muscles does not differ in children with DSLD compared to controls. Children with DSLD have lower vertical jumping height, whereas peak vertical ground reaction force during take-off phase is similar to typically developing children. The eye-hand coordination in children with DSLD is in level with controls, but the functional motor performance, especially ball skills and balance, and haptic object-recognition in children with mild IEL are poor relative to children with AD and controls. The social interaction ability is lower in children with mild IEL compared to normative sample, whereas children with mild AD are in level with regular children. In summary, preschool children with mild IEL are inferior in motor performance, haptic perception and social interaction compared to children with mild AD or healthy peers.
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Keywords
kõnepuuded, sensomotoorika, kehalised võimed, sotsiaalsed oskused, koolieelikud, dissertatsioonid, language disorders, sensorimotorics, physical abilities, social skills, preschoolers