The meaning and functioning of secondary insolvency proceedings
Kuupäev
2011-09-13
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Piiriüleseid maksejõuetusmenetlusi reguleerivatel õigusnormidel on väga suur praktiline tähtsus nii võlgnike kui ka võlausaldajate jaoks. Samaaegselt pakuvad need õigusnormid märkimisväärset huvi ka õigusteoreetilisest vaatenurgast lähtuvalt. EL Nõukogu määrus nr 1346/2000, 29. maist 2000 maksejõuetusmenetluse kohta (edaspidi nimetatud: määrus) on seadnud eesmärgiks reguleerida Euroopa Liidus rahvusvahelise kohtualluvuse, kohaldatava õiguse ja tunnustamisega seotud küsimusi, võimaldamaks tõhusat ja tulemuslikku piiriüleste maksejõuetusmenetluste toimimist.
Käesolev töö keskendub määruses reguleeritud erandlikule nähtusele, milleks on üks konkreetne liik piiriüleseid maksejõuetusmenetlusi, nn teisesed maksejõuetusmenetlused. Teiseseid maksejõuetusmenetlusi saab vastavalt määrusele algatada üksnes peale põhimaksejõuetusmenetluse väljakuulutamist. Teiseste maksejõuetusmenetluste kontseptsioon on erandlik, sest määrus ei sea teiseste maksejõuetusmenetluste arvule mingeid piire. Teiseseid maksejõuetusmenetlusi saab võlgniku suhtes algatada liikmesriigis, kus asub võlgniku tegevuskoht määruse artikli 2 (h) tähenduses. Juhul, kui võlgnikul on määruse tähenduses tegevuskohti mitmes liikmesriigis, on võimalik mitme teisese maksejõuetusmenetluse algatamine kõigis vastavates liikmesriikides. Samas toetub määrus printsiibile, et liikmesriikide siseriiklikku õigust tuleb austada, seega iga liikmesriik säilitab samaaegselt oma maksejõuetusõigusalase regulatsiooni.
Käesoleva doktoritöö peamiseks eesmärgiks on leida vastus küsimusele, kas teisesed maksejõuetusmenetlused on põhjendatud ja vajalikud ning juhul kui on, siis kas on vaja liikmesriikide siseriiklikku õigust ja määrust muuta, et soodustada samaaegselt menetlemisel olevate piiriüleste maksejõuetusmenetluste tõhusat ja tulemuslikku toimimist Euroopa Liidus.
Käesolevas doktoritöös on läbi uuritud teiseste maksejõuetusmenetluste „elutsükkel“ alustades nende menetluste algatamisest ja tunnustamisest ning lõpetades teiseste maksejõuetusmenetluste läbiviimise, peatamise ja lõpetamisega seotud küsimustega. Töö esimeses peatükis keskendutakse teiseste maksejõuetusmenetluste olemusele. Töö teises peatükis analüüsitakse teisteste maksejõuetusmenetluste algatamise ja tunnustamisega seotud küsimusi. Doktoritöö kolmas peatükk keskendub teisestest maksejõuetusmenetlustest osavõtmisele ja nende läbiviimisele. Neljandas peatükis käsitletakse teiseste maksejõuetusmenetluste peatamise ja lõpetamisega seotud küsimusi.
Uurimustöös on jõutud tõdemuseni, et teisesed maksejõuetusmenetlused võivad olla põhjendatud ja vajalikud, kuid liikmesriikide siseriiklikku õigust ja määrust on vaja kohati muuta, et soodustada samaaegselt menetlemisel olevate piiriüleste maksejõuetusmenetluste tõhusat ja tulemuslikku toimimist Euroopa Liidus. Seetõttu on doktoritöös tehtud muuhulgas hulganisti ettepanekuid nii määruse kui ka siseriikliku õigusliku regulatsiooni parendamiseks.
The legal provisions applicable to all situations of cross-border insolvency are of very great practical importance, both to debtors and creditors alike, and at the same time they raise questions of considerable interest from the standpoint of legal theory and principle. The Council Regulation (EC) No 1346/2000, 29 May 2000 on Insolvency Proceedings (hereinafter: the Regulation) aims to provide the EU-wide regulation of international jurisdiction, applicable law and recognition to enable efficient and effective operation of cross-border insolvency proceedings. In current thesis, the author has focused on the analysis of secondary insolvency proceedings opened after main insolvency proceedings. The concept of secondary insolvency proceedings is an exceptional phenomenon. The Regulation does not establish any limit to the number of secondary insolvency proceedings which may be opened after main insolvency proceedings upon the establishment of an insolvent debtor within the meaning of Article 2 (h) of the Regulation in the relevant Member State. However, the Regulation is based on the principle of respect for substantive diversity that each Member State retains its own insolvency law. The main purpose of the current thesis was to find answers to the following questions: whether secondary insolvency proceedings are justified and necessary; and if so, what changes are needed in the national laws of the Member States and in the Regulation to facilitate efficient and effective administration of several cross-border insolvency proceedings pending simultaneously in the European Union. In the current thesis the author has analysed the whole course of the secondary insolvency proceedings starting from the opening and recognition, followed by the conduct, stay and closure of secondary insolvency proceedings. In the first chapter of the current thesis the author has focused on the essence of the secondary insolvency proceedings. The second chapter of the thesis is concentrated on the opening and recognition of the secondary insolvency proceedings. In the third chapter the author examined how secondary insolvency proceedings function. The fourth chapter of the current thesis is concentrated on the stay and closure of the secondary insolvency proceedings. The conclusion of the thesis is that secondary insolvency proceedings may be justified and necessary although several changes are needed in the national laws of the Member States and in the Regulation to facilitate efficient and effective administration of several cross-border insolvency proceedings pending simultaneously in the European Union. As a practical result of the Regulation, a distinction should be made to the national insolvency proceedings of the Member States, namely national proceedings unrelated to the Regulation and national proceedings related to the Regulation. Amendments to national laws should be made in as far as national laws may give rise to questions as to the supremacy of the Regulation or when amendments are certain to contribute to the working of the text and aim of the Regulation, provided those amendments are certain to be of a pure facilitating nature and are certain not to give rise to any discrepancies. Therefore, the author is also inclined to the view that further approximation of insolvency laws of the Member States is needed in the future.
The legal provisions applicable to all situations of cross-border insolvency are of very great practical importance, both to debtors and creditors alike, and at the same time they raise questions of considerable interest from the standpoint of legal theory and principle. The Council Regulation (EC) No 1346/2000, 29 May 2000 on Insolvency Proceedings (hereinafter: the Regulation) aims to provide the EU-wide regulation of international jurisdiction, applicable law and recognition to enable efficient and effective operation of cross-border insolvency proceedings. In current thesis, the author has focused on the analysis of secondary insolvency proceedings opened after main insolvency proceedings. The concept of secondary insolvency proceedings is an exceptional phenomenon. The Regulation does not establish any limit to the number of secondary insolvency proceedings which may be opened after main insolvency proceedings upon the establishment of an insolvent debtor within the meaning of Article 2 (h) of the Regulation in the relevant Member State. However, the Regulation is based on the principle of respect for substantive diversity that each Member State retains its own insolvency law. The main purpose of the current thesis was to find answers to the following questions: whether secondary insolvency proceedings are justified and necessary; and if so, what changes are needed in the national laws of the Member States and in the Regulation to facilitate efficient and effective administration of several cross-border insolvency proceedings pending simultaneously in the European Union. In the current thesis the author has analysed the whole course of the secondary insolvency proceedings starting from the opening and recognition, followed by the conduct, stay and closure of secondary insolvency proceedings. In the first chapter of the current thesis the author has focused on the essence of the secondary insolvency proceedings. The second chapter of the thesis is concentrated on the opening and recognition of the secondary insolvency proceedings. In the third chapter the author examined how secondary insolvency proceedings function. The fourth chapter of the current thesis is concentrated on the stay and closure of the secondary insolvency proceedings. The conclusion of the thesis is that secondary insolvency proceedings may be justified and necessary although several changes are needed in the national laws of the Member States and in the Regulation to facilitate efficient and effective administration of several cross-border insolvency proceedings pending simultaneously in the European Union. As a practical result of the Regulation, a distinction should be made to the national insolvency proceedings of the Member States, namely national proceedings unrelated to the Regulation and national proceedings related to the Regulation. Amendments to national laws should be made in as far as national laws may give rise to questions as to the supremacy of the Regulation or when amendments are certain to contribute to the working of the text and aim of the Regulation, provided those amendments are certain to be of a pure facilitating nature and are certain not to give rise to any discrepancies. Therefore, the author is also inclined to the view that further approximation of insolvency laws of the Member States is needed in the future.
Kirjeldus
Märksõnad
pankrotimenetlus, Euroopa Liidu õigus, rahvusvaheline õigus, siseriiklik õigus, Euroopa Liidu maad, maksejõuetus, bankrutcy proceedings, European Union law, international law, national law, European Union countries, insolvency