Maksejõuetusõigusliku regulatsiooni valikuvõimaluste majanduslik põhjendamine
Date
2011-09-30
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Abstract
Doktoritöö kujutab endast Eesti maksejõuetusõiguse analüüsi õigusökonoomika meetodite abil. Tegemist on õiguse majandusliku analüüsiga ehk ratsionaalse valiku teooria rakendamisega õiguse valdkonnas. Aluseks on võetud eeldus, et parim maksejõuetusalane regulatsioon on see, mille puhul saavutatakse menetluse eesmärk kõige väiksemate kulude juures.
Regulatsiooni efektiivsus on regulatsiooni eesmärkide saavutamise taseme (saadava efekti) ja selle saavutamiseks rakendatud ressursside või kantud kulude suhe. Kuna Eestis toimuvate üksikmenetluste efektiivsus on väike, ei ole ka kehtiv regulatsioon üldiselt võetuna majanduslikus mõttes piisavalt ökonoomne ega taga ressursside maksimaalset ärakasutamist.
Töö osaks oleva empiirilise uuringu pinnalt on autor sõnastanud Eestis kehtiva maksejõuetusalase regulatsiooni tunnusjooned ja analüüsinud võimalikke meetmeid regulatsiooni efektiivsuse tõstmiseks. Autor peab regulatsiooni arendamisel olulisteks järgmisi põhimõtteid:
esmatähtis on tekitada võlgnikes huvi menetluse varasema alustamise vastu ja selle kaudu ümberjaotatava vara hulka suurendada;
maksejõuetuse ületamise teid tuleks käsitleda ühtse kompleksina, millest oleks võimalik leida sobiv meetod iga üksikjuhtumi lahendamiseks (komplekssus);
oluline on tagada mitte ainult võimaluste paljusus, vaid ka ühelt alternatiivilt teisele sujuva ülemineku võimalus (dünaamilisus);
ressursside kokkuhoiu ideest johtuvalt tuleks suunata tähelepanu just menetluskulude vähendamisele ja mitteformaalsete menetluste arendamisele, sama tulemuslikkuse korral peaksid olema eelistatud odavamad menetluse liigid;
tagada õigusselgus, asjaosaliste maksimaalne informeeritus, menetluse läbipaistvus ja tulemuste prognoositavus.
Doktoritööl on ka teine aspekt, mis puudutab protsessiosaliste võimalusi oma tegevuskulusid kokku hoida ja sellega konkreetse maksejõuetusmenetluse efektiivsust tõsta. Töös käsitletakse probleemi millistest kriteeriumidest lähtuvalt ja millise metoodika abil peaks protsessiosalised valima erinevate menetlusvõimaluste ja käitumisstrateegiate vahel.
This Doctor's thesis is the analysis of the Estonian insolvency law by the methods of Law & Economics. This is the economic analysis of the law, i.e. application of the rational choice theory in the area of law. The analysis is based on the presumption that the best insolvency regulation is the one achieving the purpose of the insolvency proceedings at the lowest cost. Efficiency of the regulation is the proportion of the achievement level of the purposes of the regulation (resulting effect) and resources or costs on the achievement of these purposes. As the efficiency of single insolvency proceeding in Estonia is low, the applicable regulation in general is not enough economic and the maximum use of resources is not ensured. The author has expressed the features of the Estonian insolvency regulation and analysed the possible measures for the increase of the efficiency of the regulation on the basis of the empirical research being a part of this thesis. The author finds the following principles important at the development of the regulation: it is essential to cause the debtors to be interested in the earlier initiation of the insolvency proceeding and to increase the redistributable assets through this; manners of overcoming the insolvency should be treated as an integral complex from which it would be possible to find a suitable method for the solution of each individual case (complexity); it is important not to just ensure the multiplicity of options but also to ensure the possibility of fluent overcomeing from one alternative to another (dynamism); arising from the idea of sparing the resources, more attention should be paid to the reduction of the procedure costs and to the development of informal procedures; if the efficiency is equal, the less expensive procedure types should be preferred; legal clarity, maximum information to the parties, transparency of procedures and predictability of results should be ensured. The Doctor's thesis has also another aspect concerning the possibilities of the parties to spare the costs and to increase the efficiency of a specific insolvency procedure through this. In this thesis it is discussed what kind of criteria and methods should be used by the parties when choosing between the different procedure types and behavior strategies.
This Doctor's thesis is the analysis of the Estonian insolvency law by the methods of Law & Economics. This is the economic analysis of the law, i.e. application of the rational choice theory in the area of law. The analysis is based on the presumption that the best insolvency regulation is the one achieving the purpose of the insolvency proceedings at the lowest cost. Efficiency of the regulation is the proportion of the achievement level of the purposes of the regulation (resulting effect) and resources or costs on the achievement of these purposes. As the efficiency of single insolvency proceeding in Estonia is low, the applicable regulation in general is not enough economic and the maximum use of resources is not ensured. The author has expressed the features of the Estonian insolvency regulation and analysed the possible measures for the increase of the efficiency of the regulation on the basis of the empirical research being a part of this thesis. The author finds the following principles important at the development of the regulation: it is essential to cause the debtors to be interested in the earlier initiation of the insolvency proceeding and to increase the redistributable assets through this; manners of overcoming the insolvency should be treated as an integral complex from which it would be possible to find a suitable method for the solution of each individual case (complexity); it is important not to just ensure the multiplicity of options but also to ensure the possibility of fluent overcomeing from one alternative to another (dynamism); arising from the idea of sparing the resources, more attention should be paid to the reduction of the procedure costs and to the development of informal procedures; if the efficiency is equal, the less expensive procedure types should be preferred; legal clarity, maximum information to the parties, transparency of procedures and predictability of results should be ensured. The Doctor's thesis has also another aspect concerning the possibilities of the parties to spare the costs and to increase the efficiency of a specific insolvency procedure through this. In this thesis it is discussed what kind of criteria and methods should be used by the parties when choosing between the different procedure types and behavior strategies.
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Keywords
maksejõuetus, pankrotiõigus, ratsionaalse valiku teooria, majandusanalüüs, õigus, Eesti, insolvency, bankruptcy law, rational choice theory, economic analysis, law, Estonia