Eesti vokaali- ja kestuskategooriad vene emakeelega keelejuhtide tajus ja häälduses. Eksperimentaalfoneetiline uurimus
Date
2011-10-14
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Üleilmastuvas maailmas on meile hästi selgeks saanud, et vajalik on osata võõrkeeli ja seda nii kirjas kui kõnes. Grammatikat ja sõnavara võib õppida õpikute ja sõnaraamatute abil, kuid suulise kõnega on asjad tükk maad keerulisemad. Kui võõrkeele õppimist alustatakse täiskasvanuna, siis reeglina kaasneb sellega võõrapärane hääldus ehk aktsent. Peamine põhjus peitub juba lapseeas väljakujunenud emakeele hääldus- ja tajumallides, mida kantakse üle ka võõrkeele hääldusesse.
Käesolev doktoritöö on eesti keele kui võõrkeele eksperimentaalfoneetiline uurimus, mis hõlmab eesti keele vokaalide, pikk/lühike kestusastmete ja väldete hääldust ning taju ja nendevahelisi seoseid. Kõike seda on uuritud võrdlevalt vene ja eesti emakeelega keelejuhtide kõnesalvestuste ja tajukatsete põhjal.
Uurimus näitas, et vene keelejuhid tajuvad eesti vokaale ä, ö, ü ja õ eestlastest erinevalt, ja et tajuerinevused kajastuvad ka nende vokaalide häälduses. Selle põhjuseks on vokaalikategooriate erinev arv kahes keeles – vene keeles puuduvad vokaalid ä, ö, ü, ning õ-vokaali kvaliteet vene ja eesti keeles on oluliselt erinev.
Vene keel ei kasuta kestust kontrastiivselt, st ei eristata lühikesi ja pikki häälikuid, samuti ei esine vene keeles eesti väldetega sarnaseid struktuure, kus lisaks kestusvastandustele mängivad olulist rolli ka põhitooni kontuur ja intensiivsus. Katsetest selgus, et vene emakeelega keelejuhid eristasid lühike/pikk kestusastmeid lähedaselt eesti keelejuhtidega, ja seetõttu said küllalt hästi hakkama ka esimese ja teise välte eristamisega, kuid ei teinud sageli vahet teise ja kolmanda välte vahel.
Töö tulemused kinnitasid hüpoteesi, et võõrkeele häälduse omandamiseks on esmalt vajalik kuuldeliselt eristada võõrkeele fonoloogilisi kategooriaid. Uurimuse tulemused on rakendatavad eesti keele kui võõrkeele häälduse õpetamisel.
It has been recognized that in a globalizing world it is necessary to learn foreign languages. The vocabulary and grammar of a foreign language can be studied in text books and dictionaries, but learning to speak a foreign language is a different story. As a rule, adult language learners are faced with difficulties in pronunciation of foreign sounds and this results in a foreign accent. Such an accent is mainly caused by the transfer of native language sound patterns to the perception and pronunciation of a foreign language. The thesis is an experimental phonetic study focusing on the perception and production of Estonian vowels, short/long oppositions and quantity degrees, and on the interplay of perception and production. Two subject groups – native Estonians (L1) and second language (L2) speakers of Estonian with a Russian language background – were involved in the study. The experiments with Estonian vowels showed that L2 subjects deviate most from L1 subjects in the case of the vowels ä, ö, ü and õ, and that holds both for perception and production. This is since the vowel categories ä, ü and ö are missing in Russian, and the quality of the õ-vowel in two languages is very different. Estonian exploits duration contrastively while Russian does not; the Estonian quantity degrees (Q1, Q2, and Q3) constitute an even more complicated phenomena for L2 subjects. However, the L2 group was quite successful in distinguishing short and long sounds as well as Q1 and Q2, but failed in the discrimination of Q2 and Q3. The findings of the study confirmed the hypothesis that the ability to distinguish L2 phonological categories in perception is directly related with the deviations in L2 production. The results of the study can be applied to enhance methods for teaching Estonian as a foreign language.
It has been recognized that in a globalizing world it is necessary to learn foreign languages. The vocabulary and grammar of a foreign language can be studied in text books and dictionaries, but learning to speak a foreign language is a different story. As a rule, adult language learners are faced with difficulties in pronunciation of foreign sounds and this results in a foreign accent. Such an accent is mainly caused by the transfer of native language sound patterns to the perception and pronunciation of a foreign language. The thesis is an experimental phonetic study focusing on the perception and production of Estonian vowels, short/long oppositions and quantity degrees, and on the interplay of perception and production. Two subject groups – native Estonians (L1) and second language (L2) speakers of Estonian with a Russian language background – were involved in the study. The experiments with Estonian vowels showed that L2 subjects deviate most from L1 subjects in the case of the vowels ä, ö, ü and õ, and that holds both for perception and production. This is since the vowel categories ä, ü and ö are missing in Russian, and the quality of the õ-vowel in two languages is very different. Estonian exploits duration contrastively while Russian does not; the Estonian quantity degrees (Q1, Q2, and Q3) constitute an even more complicated phenomena for L2 subjects. However, the L2 group was quite successful in distinguishing short and long sounds as well as Q1 and Q2, but failed in the discrimination of Q2 and Q3. The findings of the study confirmed the hypothesis that the ability to distinguish L2 phonological categories in perception is directly related with the deviations in L2 production. The results of the study can be applied to enhance methods for teaching Estonian as a foreign language.
Description
Keywords
eesti keel, võõrkeeleõpetus, keele omandamine, venekeelsed, kõne taju, hääldus, kestussuhted, vokaalid, Estonian language, foreign language teaching, language acquisition, Russian language speakers, speech perception, speech articulation, durational ratios, vowels