The effects of perceived peer motivational climate, autonomy support from coach, basic need satisfaction, and intrinsic motivation on persistence in sport
Date
2012-04-24
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Abstract
Spordispetsialistid kulutavad üha enam energiat, et jõuda selgusele, miks noored otsustavad valitud spordialaharrastuse pooleli jätta. Varasemalt on sügavuti vaadeldud, kuidas noorsportlased tunnetavad treeneri poolt loodud treeningkeskkonda ja kuidas see omakorda avaldab mõju nende motiveeritusele ning spordiharrastuse jätkamisele. Samas ei tohiks täiskasvanu kõrval ära unustada treeningkaaslasete poolt loodud treeningkeskkonna mõju, mida vähesel määral on kinnitanud ka hiljutised uuringud. Kuid milline on treeningkaaslaste poolt kujundatud treeningkeskkonna tajumise mõju motivatsioonile ja pikemas perspektiivis spordialaga harrastamisele ei ole senistes uuringutes käsitlust leidnud.
Antud töö eesmärk oli välja selgitada erinevad sotsiaal-psühholoogilised tegurid, mis mõjutavad noorsportlaste motivatsiooni jätkuvalt tegeleda valitud spordialaga ning noorsportlase poolt tajutud treeneri autonoomsust toetava käitumise ja treeningkaaslaste motivatsioonilise keskkonna tajumise seosed sportlase sisemisele motivatsioonile. Tulemused näitasid, et treeningkaaslased etendavad täiskasvanute kõrval olulist rolli nende sisemise motivatsiooni kujundamisel ja avaldavad mõju valitud spordialaga tegelemise püsivusele. Lisaks ilmnes, et sportlaste tajutud treeneri autonoomne toetus mõjutab positiivselt ülesandele-orienteeritud treeningkaaslaste motivatsioonilise keskkonna tajumist, samas kui vastupidist mõju uuringu tulemustest ei ilmnenud. Treenerid ja vanemad peaksid noortega töötades pöörama tähelepanu nende autonoomsust toetavale käitumisviisile ja julgustama noorte omavahelist koostööd, õppimist ja jõupingutust. Oluline on vältida treeningkaaslaste motivatsioonilise keskkonna kujunemist, kus rõhuasetus on suunatud omavahelisele võistlemisele ja võrdlemisele ning negatiivsetele kommentaaridele. Pigem on vajalik aidata kaasa ülesandele-orienteeritud treeningeakaaslaste motivatsioonilise keskkonna kujunemisele (üksteise toetamine, seotustunne, oskuste täiustamine), kuna viimane soodustab sportlase psühholoogiliste vajaduste rahuldamist ning avaldab mõju sisemise motivatsiooni kujunemisele. Eelpoolnimetatud komponentide olemasolu tagamine treeningprotsessis loob pinnase sportlase sisemisele motivatsioonile ja püsimisele valitud ala juures pikema aja vältel.
Sport professionals are spending more and more energy to find out why young people choose to discontinue being active in the chosen sports activity. Previous studies have done in-depth research on how young athletes perceive the training environment created by the coach and how it influences their motivation for sport continuation. However, as a few recent studies have shown peers are key contributors as well as adults in creating a motivational climate in sport setting. The question is whether peer influences are perceived the same as coach’s. In particular, to date no, longitudinal studies have investigated the influence of perceptions regarding the role of peers in predicting young athletes’ participation motivation. The aim of the present study was to examine different social-contextual factors that influence youth athletes’ participation motivation for persistence behaviour in sport. In addition, it was aimed to investigate how youth athletes perceive that the autonomy supportive behaviour of coach and motivational climate created by peers influence their intrinsic motivation toward sport. Results from this study highlight the important role of the peer group, along with adults, as a source of influence on intrinsic motivation and further behavioural persistence in sport. In addition, perceived autonomy support from the coach positively predicted task-involving peer climate one-year later but not vice versa. Parents and coaches should adopt autonomy supportive behaviours and encourage collaboration, learning, and effort among adolescence. It is important for coaches to avoid promoting a creation of a peer climate, where the emphasis is on the competition and comparison of adolescents and negative comments. Preferably, it seems that fostering a task-involving peer climate (giving them time to practice and communicate with their teammates) is influential on satisfying the three basic psychological needs and affects the formation of intrinsic motivation. This kind of training environment conception will have a positive impact on athletes’ intrinsic motivation to participate in sport in the long run.
Sport professionals are spending more and more energy to find out why young people choose to discontinue being active in the chosen sports activity. Previous studies have done in-depth research on how young athletes perceive the training environment created by the coach and how it influences their motivation for sport continuation. However, as a few recent studies have shown peers are key contributors as well as adults in creating a motivational climate in sport setting. The question is whether peer influences are perceived the same as coach’s. In particular, to date no, longitudinal studies have investigated the influence of perceptions regarding the role of peers in predicting young athletes’ participation motivation. The aim of the present study was to examine different social-contextual factors that influence youth athletes’ participation motivation for persistence behaviour in sport. In addition, it was aimed to investigate how youth athletes perceive that the autonomy supportive behaviour of coach and motivational climate created by peers influence their intrinsic motivation toward sport. Results from this study highlight the important role of the peer group, along with adults, as a source of influence on intrinsic motivation and further behavioural persistence in sport. In addition, perceived autonomy support from the coach positively predicted task-involving peer climate one-year later but not vice versa. Parents and coaches should adopt autonomy supportive behaviours and encourage collaboration, learning, and effort among adolescence. It is important for coaches to avoid promoting a creation of a peer climate, where the emphasis is on the competition and comparison of adolescents and negative comments. Preferably, it seems that fostering a task-involving peer climate (giving them time to practice and communicate with their teammates) is influential on satisfying the three basic psychological needs and affects the formation of intrinsic motivation. This kind of training environment conception will have a positive impact on athletes’ intrinsic motivation to participate in sport in the long run.
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Keywords
noorsportlased, spordipsühholoogia, motivatsioon, sotsiaalsed aspektid, young athletes, sport psychology, motivation, social aspects