Effect of menstrual cycle phase and oral contraceptive use on selected performance parameters in female rowers
Date
2012-06-28
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Abstract
Naissportlased treenivad ja võistlevad erinevates menstruaaltsükli faasides. Naissuguhormoonide estrogeeni ja progesterooni konsentratsioonid organismis muutuvad rütmiliselt kogu menstruaaltrükli jooksul. On leitud, et esrtogeen võib soodustada vastupidavuslikku sooritusvõimet läbi süsivesikute ja rasvade energiaks kasutamise muutmise. Samas on progesteroonile omistatud just vastupidine efekt. Menstruaaltsükli erienvate faaside mõju erinevatele kehalise võimekuse parameetritele on uuritud suhteliselt palju ja erineva metoodikaga ning jõutud vastakatele järeldustele. Vähesed autorid on uurinud menstruaaltsükli erinevate faaside ja rasestumisvastaste vahendite kasutamise mõju sportlikule saavutusvõimele treenitud naissõudjatel. Järjest enam naissportlasi kasutab rasestumisvastaseid vahendeid ning rasestumisvastaste vahendite tarbimine võib luua stabiisema hormonaalse keskkonna kehalise koormuse sooritamisel kogu sünteetilise menstruaaltsükli jooksul naissportlastel. Kuna ka sünteetiline menstruaaltsükkel koosneb kahest erinevast hormonaalsest faasist, siis on oluline selgitada organismis toimuvad võimalikud muutused sportlikus sooritusvõimes ka sünteetilise menstruaaltsükli jooksul.
Käesoleva uurimustöö peamiseks eesmärgiks oli määrata, kas erinevad aeroobse töövõime parameetrid on mõjutatud normaalse ja sünteetilise menstruaaltsükli jooksul toimuvatest naissuguhormoonide konsentratsiooni muutustest nii treenitud kui ka vähem treenitud naissõudjatel. Sõudjad sooritasid kaks testi identselt kahes erinevas menstruaaltsükli faasis. Uuringu tulemused näitasid, et antud uuringus osalenud naissõudjad ei pea muretsema sõudespetsiifiliste aeroobset töövõimet mõjutavate näitajate muutuste pärast normaalse menstruaaltsükli või suukaudse rasestumisvastase vahendi tsükli erinevates faasides.
Women train and compete in different sporting events during all stages of the menstrual cycle. The female hormones estrogen and progesterone fluctuate predictably across the menstrual cycle in normally cycling eumenorrheic women. Has been reported that estrogene may promote endurance performance by altering carbohydrate and lipid metabolism while progesterone often acting antagonistically. Studies investigating menstrual cycle effects on endurance performance have found different results. Few researchers have investigated the effect of a menstrual cycle phase and oral contraceptive (OC) pill cycle on performance and training parameters in trained female rowers. Accordingly, it is apparent that OC use is becoming more prevalent in female athletes. The use of oral contraceptives may provide a more stable environment to evaluate the possible effect of reproductive hormones on physiological variables and exercise performance in women. While synthetic menstrual cycle also contains two phases it is important to investigate whether the changes in hormones concentration levels are affecting athletic performance or not. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the normal menstrual cycle and the synthetic menstrual cycle of the oral contraceptive users on aerobic performance in female rowers. Rowers performed two identical tests in two different menstrual cycle phases. Overall, normally menstruating female rowers and female rowers taking oral contraceptive pills should not consider the phase of the menstrual cycle for optimizing their aerobic performance during testing and everyday training.
Women train and compete in different sporting events during all stages of the menstrual cycle. The female hormones estrogen and progesterone fluctuate predictably across the menstrual cycle in normally cycling eumenorrheic women. Has been reported that estrogene may promote endurance performance by altering carbohydrate and lipid metabolism while progesterone often acting antagonistically. Studies investigating menstrual cycle effects on endurance performance have found different results. Few researchers have investigated the effect of a menstrual cycle phase and oral contraceptive (OC) pill cycle on performance and training parameters in trained female rowers. Accordingly, it is apparent that OC use is becoming more prevalent in female athletes. The use of oral contraceptives may provide a more stable environment to evaluate the possible effect of reproductive hormones on physiological variables and exercise performance in women. While synthetic menstrual cycle also contains two phases it is important to investigate whether the changes in hormones concentration levels are affecting athletic performance or not. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the normal menstrual cycle and the synthetic menstrual cycle of the oral contraceptive users on aerobic performance in female rowers. Rowers performed two identical tests in two different menstrual cycle phases. Overall, normally menstruating female rowers and female rowers taking oral contraceptive pills should not consider the phase of the menstrual cycle for optimizing their aerobic performance during testing and everyday training.
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Keywords
naised, sõudjad, menstruatsioon, kontratseptiivid, kehaline töövõime, females, oarswomen, menstrual cycle, contraceptives, physical work capacity