Therapeutic aspects of central haemodynamics, arterial stiffness and oxidative stress in hypertension
Kuupäev
2012-09-18
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Arteriaalne hüpertensioon on peamine kardiovaskulaarne riskifaktor, mille ohjamine on vaatamata ravile ebapiisav. Uued riskifaktorid, varajane subkliiniline organkahjustus ja hüpertensiooni hemodünaamiline profiil ning nendest lähtuv ravistrateegia planeerimine on saanud märksõnaks hüpertensiooni käsitluses. Endoteeli düsfunktsioon on varajaseim veresoone seina kahjustuse staadium. Asümmeetriline dimetüülarginiin on uudne endoteeli düsfunktsiooni peegeldav biomarker. Vaskulaarne kahjustus on seotud ka oksüdatiivse stressi taseme suurenemisega, mis omakorda tõstab hüpertensiooniga patsientide üldist kardiovaskulaarset riski. Tulenevalt vererõhu amplifikatsioonist ei peegelda õlavarrelt mõõdetud vererõhk vererõhku aordis (tsentraalne vererõhk). Samas subkliinilise organkahjustuse (näit. vasaku vatsakese hüpertroofia) väljakujunemisel ja üldise kardiovaskulaarse riski määramisel on tsentraalne vererõhk olulisem. Hüpertensiooni iseloomustab normist kõrvalekalduv hemodünaamiline profiil, mille alusel määratud ravi võib parandada vererõhu ohjamist hüpertensiooniga patsientidel.
Me leidsime, et hüpertensiooniga patsientidel oli asümmetrilise dimetüülarginiini tase sõltumatult seotud endoteeli düsfunktsiooniga. 1-aastase ravi käigus langetasid beeta-blokaatorid metoprolool ja nebivolool võrdselt õlavarrelt mõõdetud vererõhku. Samas, vaid nebivolool langetas tsentraalset vererõhku ja vasaku vatsakese seina paksust. Vasaku vatsakese seina paksuse vähenemine oli oluliselt tugevamini seotud tsentraalse vererõhu langusega võrreldes õlavarrelt mõõdetud vererõhu langusega. Nebivolool ja metoprolool langetasid mõlemad oksüdatiivse stressi taset. Samas, vaid nebivolool omas vererõhu langusest sõltumatut toimet oksüdatiivsele stressile. Hemodünaamilise profiili parameetritest ennustasid augmentatsiooni indeks ja pulsirõhu amplifikatsioon vererõhu langust antihüpertensiivse raviga.
Arterial hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor which is poorly controlled despite available treatment. Assessment of novel risk factors, early subclinical organ damage, and haemodynamic profile, as well as treatment based on these findings have become a mainstay in the management of hypertension. Endothelial dysfunction is the earliest process of vascular impairment. Asymmetric dimethylarginine is a new marker of endothelial dysfunction. Vascular damage is also related to increased levels of oxidative stress which additionally increases total cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients. Due to pulse pressure amplification blood pressure is increased when moving from the aorta (central blood pressure) to the periphery. Central blood pressure is more important than brachial blood pressure in the development of subclinical organ damage (e.g. left ventricular hypertrophy) and assessment of total cardiovascular risk. Hypertension is characterised by altered haemodynamic profile. Treatment strategy based on haemodynamic profile could improve blood pressure control in these patients. We found that asymmetric dimethylarginine was independently associated with endothelial dysfunction. Beta-blockers metoprolol and nebivolol equally reduced brachial blood pressure during a 1-year therapy. However, only nebivolol reduced central blood pressure and left ventricular wall thickness. The reduction in left ventricular wall thickness correlated more significantly with the decrease in central than brachial blood pressure. Nebivolol and metoprolol both reduced oxidative stress markers. However, the effect of only nebivolol on these factors was independent of the reduction in blood pressure. Haemodynamic profiling by baseline augmentation index and pulse pressure amplification predicted blood pressure reduction with antihypertensive therapy.
Arterial hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor which is poorly controlled despite available treatment. Assessment of novel risk factors, early subclinical organ damage, and haemodynamic profile, as well as treatment based on these findings have become a mainstay in the management of hypertension. Endothelial dysfunction is the earliest process of vascular impairment. Asymmetric dimethylarginine is a new marker of endothelial dysfunction. Vascular damage is also related to increased levels of oxidative stress which additionally increases total cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients. Due to pulse pressure amplification blood pressure is increased when moving from the aorta (central blood pressure) to the periphery. Central blood pressure is more important than brachial blood pressure in the development of subclinical organ damage (e.g. left ventricular hypertrophy) and assessment of total cardiovascular risk. Hypertension is characterised by altered haemodynamic profile. Treatment strategy based on haemodynamic profile could improve blood pressure control in these patients. We found that asymmetric dimethylarginine was independently associated with endothelial dysfunction. Beta-blockers metoprolol and nebivolol equally reduced brachial blood pressure during a 1-year therapy. However, only nebivolol reduced central blood pressure and left ventricular wall thickness. The reduction in left ventricular wall thickness correlated more significantly with the decrease in central than brachial blood pressure. Nebivolol and metoprolol both reduced oxidative stress markers. However, the effect of only nebivolol on these factors was independent of the reduction in blood pressure. Haemodynamic profiling by baseline augmentation index and pulse pressure amplification predicted blood pressure reduction with antihypertensive therapy.
Kirjeldus
Märksõnad
hüpertensioon, endoteel, biomarkerid, ravi, oksüdatiivne stress, hypertension, endothelium, biological markers, treatment, oxidative stress