Description of the cytokines and cutaneous neuroendocrine system in the development of vitiligo
Failid
Kuupäev
2012-11-02
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Vitiliigo on elu jooksul omandatud haigus, kus seni veel täpselt teadmata põhjustel hävinevad melanotsüüdid ja selle tagajärjel tekivad nahale pigmenditud laigud. Patsiendid kannatavad psühholoogilise stressi all ja neil on suurenenud risk saada nahavähk. On teada, et vitiliigohaigetel on muutunud ekspressioonimuster paljudel geenidel, mis osalevad ühe olulisima stressivastuse andja hüpotaalamuse-hüpofüüsi-neerupealise telje (HPA telg) töös. HPA telg koosneb klassikaliselt CRH-POMC-glükokortikoidide signaalirajast ja selle regulatsioonis osalevad erinevad tsütokiinid ja neuromediaatorid. Meie töö eesmärk oli saada lisainformatsiooni närvi- ja immuunsüsteemi interaktsioonidest vitiliigohaigetes. Selleks mõõtsime CRH-POMC-MCH süsteemi, melanogeneesiga seotud tsütokiinide ning dopamiini raja geenide mRNA ja valgu taset vitiliigohaigete ja tervete indiviidide nahas ja veres. Lisaks juba varasemalt näidatud POMC süsteemi geenide (olulised melanogeneesi aktiveerijad) ekspressiooni langusele leidsime, et kasvanud on endogeense opioidi PNOC ja selle retseptori ekspressioon kahjustatud nahas, samuti on suurenenud POMC süsteemi inhibeeriva MCH süsteemi geenide ekspressioon. Näitasime muutusi HPA telje aktiivsust reguleerivate interleukiin-10 perekonna tsütokiinide ja nende retseptorite ekspressioonis ning teiste melanogeneesi ja melanotsüütide kasvu ja arengut reguleerivate tsütokiinide ja muude mediaatorite ekspressioonis. Andsime lisakinnitust neuromediaatori dopamiini raja võimalikule osalusele vitiliigo patogeneesis – lisaks tasakaalu mõjutamisele läbi melanokortiini raja võib dopamiin olukorda nahas ka otseselt muuta. Kokkuvõteks, leidsime, et lokaalse HPA telje funktsioneerimine on vitiliigohaigete nahas oma normaalsest olekust kõrvale kaldunud. Peamiseks põhjuseks näivad olevat muutused melanokortiini rajas, samuti HPA telje tööd aktiveerivate tsütokiinide ja inhibeeriva dopamiini süsteemi muutused võivad tuleneda katsest taastada normaalne olukord ja tasakaal.
Vitiligo is an acquired disease, where melanocytes are destroyed and white patches appear on skin. The reasons are not jet fully understood. Patients are suffering from psychological stress and the risk for skin cancer increases. In vitiligo patients, the expression pattern has changed for genes that are involved in functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) – the major pathway for stress response. Classically the HPA axis consists of CRH-POMC and glucocorticoid signaling pathways and is regulated by various cytokines and neurotransmitters. Our aim was to get more information about the nervous and immune system interactions in vitiligo patients. We measured mRNA and protein levels in skin and blood of vitiligo patients and healthy individuals; studied genes were associated to CRH-POMC-MCH system, melanogenesis regulating cytokines and dopamine pathway. In addition to our previous findings (decreased expression level of POMC system genes; essential activators of melanogenesis), we found that expression of endogenous opioid PNOC and its receptor has grown in lesional skin, also the MCH system (inhibits POMC system) expression has increased in patients. We showed changes in the expression pattern of interleukin-10 family cytokines and their receptors (regulating HPA axis) expression and other cytokines connected to melanogenesis and melanocyte growth and development. We provided supplemental confirmation that the neurotransmitter dopamine pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of vitiligo - in addition to influencing the melanogenesis through the melanocortin pathway; dopamine may influence the skin homeostasis directly. In conclusion, in vitiligo patients, the functioning of cutaneous HPA axis has deviated from its normal state. The main inducer appears to be the changes in melanocortin system and the activating (cytokines) and inhibiting (dopamine) agents may attempt to restore the normal state of skin homeostasis.
Vitiligo is an acquired disease, where melanocytes are destroyed and white patches appear on skin. The reasons are not jet fully understood. Patients are suffering from psychological stress and the risk for skin cancer increases. In vitiligo patients, the expression pattern has changed for genes that are involved in functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) – the major pathway for stress response. Classically the HPA axis consists of CRH-POMC and glucocorticoid signaling pathways and is regulated by various cytokines and neurotransmitters. Our aim was to get more information about the nervous and immune system interactions in vitiligo patients. We measured mRNA and protein levels in skin and blood of vitiligo patients and healthy individuals; studied genes were associated to CRH-POMC-MCH system, melanogenesis regulating cytokines and dopamine pathway. In addition to our previous findings (decreased expression level of POMC system genes; essential activators of melanogenesis), we found that expression of endogenous opioid PNOC and its receptor has grown in lesional skin, also the MCH system (inhibits POMC system) expression has increased in patients. We showed changes in the expression pattern of interleukin-10 family cytokines and their receptors (regulating HPA axis) expression and other cytokines connected to melanogenesis and melanocyte growth and development. We provided supplemental confirmation that the neurotransmitter dopamine pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of vitiligo - in addition to influencing the melanogenesis through the melanocortin pathway; dopamine may influence the skin homeostasis directly. In conclusion, in vitiligo patients, the functioning of cutaneous HPA axis has deviated from its normal state. The main inducer appears to be the changes in melanocortin system and the activating (cytokines) and inhibiting (dopamine) agents may attempt to restore the normal state of skin homeostasis.
Kirjeldus
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Märksõnad
vitiliigo, tsütokiinid, dopamiin, geeniekspressioon, immuunsüsteem, interaktsioonid, vitiligo, cytokines, dopamine, gene expression, immune system, interactions