The role of the state and society relationship in the foreign policy making process
Kuupäev
2012-11-06
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Doktoritöö käsitles riigi ja ühiskonna suhte rolli välispoliitiliste otsuste kujunemise protsessis rahvusvaheliste suhete konstruktivismi teooria raamis¬tikus. Väitekiri uuris, kuidas riigis eksisteerivad ühiskondlikud diskursused mõjutavad riigi välispoliitika protsessi tugeva välise surve tingimustes. Uurides riigi ja ühiskonna suhte rolli, järgis doktoritöö Ted Hopfi välja töötatud ühiskondliku konstruktivismi lähenemist, mille järgi siseriiklikud diskursused ja identiteedid mõjutavad riigi välispoliitilisi otsuseid. Samas lahknes väitekiri Hopfi lähenemisest osas, kuidas riigi ja ühiskonna suhe on konstrueeritud ning kuidas see omakorda mõjutab välispoliitika kujundamist. Hopfi lähenemine välistab diskursuste vahelised konfliktid ja debatid, mis eksisteerivad otsuste tegemise hetkel, kuna Hopfi raamistiku järgi on enamikel juhtudel otsustajal vaid üks valik, mis põhineb domineerival diskursusel. Samas, nagu Hopf ka ise on välja toonud, enamikel juhtudel eksisteerivad riigis korraga mitu diskursust, mis võivad olla omavahel konfliktsed. Seetõttu ei ole otsustaja käsutuses ühtseid valmis praktikaid, vaid ta peab vahendama erinevate ühiskondlike diskursuste ning väliste piirangute vahel, mille juures tuleb arvestada tuleb otsustaja enda sotsialiseeritust erinevate ühiskondlike diskursustega. Seetõttu uuris käesolev doktoritöö peamisi ühis¬kondlikke diskursusi ning samuti poliitiliste otsuste tegijate endi suhestumist ühiskonnas levinud diskursustega. Doktoritöös väidetakse, et riigijuhid teevad oma poliitilised valikud sõltuvalt enda sise- ja välispoliitilise situatsiooni tõlgendusest, mis omakorda sõltub aga nende endi sotsialiseeritusest riigis eksisteerivate ühiskondlike diskursustega. Töö keskendus kahele empiirilisele kaasusele: Eesti ja Soome 1939. aasta sügise välispoliitilisele otsusele Nõukogude Liidu nõudmiste küsimuses. Doktoritöö kahe kaasuse analüüs tõi välja, et Soome ja Eesti reageerisid Nõukogude Liidu nõudmistele erinevalt, kuna otsustajate arusaam nendest nõudmistest ning üldisest välispoliitilisest olukorrast olenes ühiskondlikest diskursustest ja sellest, kuidas riigi ja ühiskonna suhe oli läbi nende diskursuste konstrueeritud.
The dissertation explored how a state’s foreign policy practices become socially possible within the framework of the constructivist school of International Relations. The dissertation was con-cerned with the process of a state’s foreign policy decision-making and the role the state and society relationship plays in this process. In particular, it studied the state and society relationship under very crude power conditions to find out whether and how the domestic understandings influence the state’s foreign policy decision-making while its physical survival is at stake. The dissertation followed and built on the societal constructivist framework developed by the constructivist scholar Ted Hopf, who argues that domestic discourses explain a state’s foreign policy decisions. However, it disagreed with Hopf in how the state and society relationship is constructed and its effects on the decision-making process. It argued that at the moment of decision-making, the decision-maker does not have coherent given practices at his disposal, but needs to mediate the tensions between the different discourses and the external pressures. It further argued that the decision-maker makes his decisions based on his interpretation of the domestic and the external situation; this interpretation in turn is based on how the decision-maker is socialised within the societal debates. The theoretical framework, built on Hopf’s approach on the relation of domestic discourses and foreign policy decision-making with an emphasis on the interaction between discourses and the role of the decision-maker, was applied to two cases: the foreign policy decisions of Finland and of Estonia in autumn 1939 regarding the demands of the Soviet Union. The analyses of the two cases showed that Finland and Estonia reacted differently to the Soviet demands because their decision-makers’ understanding of these demands, subject to social construction, depended on the dominant domestic discourses and practices and on the construction of the state and society relationship that derived from these discourses.
The dissertation explored how a state’s foreign policy practices become socially possible within the framework of the constructivist school of International Relations. The dissertation was con-cerned with the process of a state’s foreign policy decision-making and the role the state and society relationship plays in this process. In particular, it studied the state and society relationship under very crude power conditions to find out whether and how the domestic understandings influence the state’s foreign policy decision-making while its physical survival is at stake. The dissertation followed and built on the societal constructivist framework developed by the constructivist scholar Ted Hopf, who argues that domestic discourses explain a state’s foreign policy decisions. However, it disagreed with Hopf in how the state and society relationship is constructed and its effects on the decision-making process. It argued that at the moment of decision-making, the decision-maker does not have coherent given practices at his disposal, but needs to mediate the tensions between the different discourses and the external pressures. It further argued that the decision-maker makes his decisions based on his interpretation of the domestic and the external situation; this interpretation in turn is based on how the decision-maker is socialised within the societal debates. The theoretical framework, built on Hopf’s approach on the relation of domestic discourses and foreign policy decision-making with an emphasis on the interaction between discourses and the role of the decision-maker, was applied to two cases: the foreign policy decisions of Finland and of Estonia in autumn 1939 regarding the demands of the Soviet Union. The analyses of the two cases showed that Finland and Estonia reacted differently to the Soviet demands because their decision-makers’ understanding of these demands, subject to social construction, depended on the dominant domestic discourses and practices and on the construction of the state and society relationship that derived from these discourses.
Kirjeldus
Märksõnad
riigijuhid, otsustamine, sotsiaalne konstruktsioon, juhtumiuuringud, Eesti, Soome, 1939, heads of state, decision making, social construction, case studies, Estonia, Finland