Materjalide kooskirjutamise raamistik RAJU keskuse õppekava näitel
Files
Date
2010
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Tartu Ülikool
Abstract
Koolitused ülikoolis ja mujal on täna muutumas. Oleme liikumas traditsioonilistelt õppematerjalidelt uude ajastusse. Õpikud ei pea enam olema staatilised, kus need kirjutatakse kord valmis ja kunagi ehk tehakse parandatud kordustrükk. Aina enam on levimas ning populaarsust kogumas e-õpe, paljud kursused on kättesaadavad veebis konspektidena või spetsaalselt selleks loodud keskkondades nagu Blackboard [1] ja Moodle [1]. Samas ei pea ükski õppematerjal piirduma vaid veebi või pabervormiga – lisaks on õpiplatvormidena kasutusel ka nutitelefonid, e-lugerid, pihuarvutid jms. Need uued tehnoloogilised lahendused teevad võimalikuks lisada õppematerjalidesse lisaks tekstile ka interaktiivseid elemente - animatsioone, videosid, audiot, eneseteste ja palju muud.
Nii nagu tehnoloogiasajand annab uued võimalused toob see ka uusi eelduseid ja ootusi. Wikipedia inglisekeelses versioonis tehakse iga päev ligikaudu 150 000 muudatust [2], iga maailma suursündmuse kohta tekib operatiivselt ka vastav Wikipedia artikkel. Kõik artiklid on pidevas arengus, nende sisu muutub aina paremaks ja täpsemaks. Lennuliikluse häirete korral ei saada ettevõtted enam viimse peensuseni viimistletud pressiteateid vaid jagavad kiiret, operatiivset informatsiooni sotsiaalvõrgustikes nagu Facebook [3] või Twitter [4]. Ühiskond on jõudnud punkti, kus eelkõige on oluline informatsiooni värskus. Samad eeldused ja ootused kehtivad ka õppematerjalidele. Eeldame, et õppematerjalid on pidevas muutumises ning vastavad igal ajahetkel reaalsusele ja sisaldavad kõige värskemat informatsiooni. Digitaalseid materjale on küll oluliselt lihtsam uuendada kui anda aina välja uusi kordustrükke paberraamatutest, kuid vaatamata vormile on see väga vaevarikas töö. Ilmselt seetõttu on Wikipediast ja avatud lähtekoodiga (ing.k. Open Source) projektidest populaarseks saanud koostöö formaat jõudnud ka koolitusmaterjalide loomise maailma.
Kooskirjutamist (ingl.k. collaborative writing) on põhjalikult uuritud juba aastakümneid [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]. Selle toetamiseks on püütud disainida ning ka loodud [11] mitmeid erinevaid tarkvaralahendusi. Uurimata ning väljapakkumata on aga terviklahendus, kuidas väiksemates projektides võiks hakkama saada igapäevaste, peamiselt tasuta kättesaadavate töövahenditega.
Autori motivatsioon kooskirjutamise projekte lahata tuleneb isiklikust kogemusest ühe õppematerjali loomise projektiga. 2009. aasta märtsist augustini osales autor projekti Veebistuudium [12] Veebidisaini [13] õppesuuna õppematerjalide väljatöötamise meeskonnas. Meeskond koosnes kuuest spetsialistist, kes nende kuude vältel töötasid välja enam kui 200-leheküljelise materjali veebidisaini õpetamiseks kasutades tehnoloogiat Silverlight [14]. Seda materjali kasutas autor hiljem kahel nädalasel üldhariduskoolide õpetajatele suunatud koolitusel. Hiljem on koolituse läbinud õpetajad sama materjali kasutanud oma koolitundides. Tänaseks, kui materjal pole veel aastanegi, on Veebidisaini meeskond teinud mitmeid järeldusi, mida oleks võinud ning tulevikus peaks tegema teisiti. See on kogemus, mida autor soovib antud töös rakendada.
Antud magistritöö esimeseks eesmärgiks on luua raamistik selliste koostöös valmivate ning pidevalt täienevate tänapäevaste õppematerjalide loomiseks. Töös uuritakse milliseid tehnilisi vahendeid tuleks kasutada ning kuidas tööd organiseerida ja planeerida. Lisaks vaadeldakse, millised probleemid võivad seejuures tekkida ning kuidas neid lahendada. Töö toetub suures osas RAJU keskuse (LEGO Mindstorms Robotite arendamise ja uurimise keskus) [15] näite najale, kus püütakse koos kirjutada õppematerjale LEGO Mindstorms [16] robotite kasutamise kohta õppetöös. Magistritöö üheks eesmärgiks ongi vastavalt valminud raamistikule panna kokku terviklik õpperaamat, mida saaksid praegused LEGO robotite huvilised juba sel sügisel kasutama hakata.
Käesolev lõputöö koosneb neljast osast - esimene osas kirjutab täpselt lahti lahendatava probleemi, teises osas kirjeldatakse kooskirjutamist kui protsessi ja selle haldamist. Kolmandas osas analüüsitakse tehnilisi vahendeid, mis seda protsessi toetada võiksid. Neljandas osas analüüsitakse probleeme RAJU keskuse materjalides ning püütakse luua selged reeglid, mis neid edaspidi vältida aitavad.
Courses in schools and universities are changing. We are drifting away from traditional static teaching aids towards a new era of interactive content. Some time ago one might have published a book on paper and after sufficient time had past (and hopefuly most of the books had been sold) there would have been another relase of the book. With e-learning technologies like BlackBoard [1] and Moodle [2] getting more and more popular we are able to constantly update and improve our teaching aids. But we are not limited only to web, today almost anything might be seen as an e-learning platform – e-readers, smartphones, PDAs, web-browsers or eaven gameconsoles. All of these also make it possible to include interactivity like multimedia, polls and animations in our lectures. As technology has brought new possibilities it has also built new expectations. We have reached the day where the thing that matters the most is the freshness of information. In the English version of Wikipedia there are about 150000 edits made each day [3]. For every major event, there is a Wikipedia article created for it almos instantly. Companies no longer worry about polishing their newsletters to very last detail. Instead they use 140 characters in a socialnetwork like Twitter [5] or Facebook [4] to provide accurate and operative information to their clients. The same expectations for information accuracy and freshnes has moved to training materials. Users expect that, the lectures they are attending and books they are reading, always contain the most up to date information. Constant updating and improving of training-materials is an owerwhelming task for only one person to maintain. That is why many are starting to use collaborative methods known from Wikipedia and open-source software projects to tackle those tasks. Collaborative writing is a well reasearched topic [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]. However there has not been much reasearch done about using everyday software and services for getting through such projects. RAJU keskus [16] is a group of LEGO Mindstorm NXT robots [17] enthusiast in Institute of Computer Science in University of Tartu. They are responsible of training teachers for using LEGO robots in education. Today they have a lot of tutorials, slides and videos for that purpose. For the first time last year, about 10 bachelour theseses were written that were later meant to be adapted to this big LEGO Mindstorms teaching aid. Today this one big book does not exist, because the process of collaboration and the materials both have some problems. This paper researches the different problems in collaboration and its management, looks at software and services to support collaboration and anayzes the specific case of RAJU keskuse teaching aids and proposes how to improve the materials and the process of creating them. This paper consists of four parts: the first part describes the exact collaborative writing problem to be solved, the second part gives an extensive overview of collaborative writing area, the third chapter concentrates on choosing software and services to support the collaboration. The fourth part gives exact guidelines to RAJU keskus for improving their process of collaboratively writing their book. One of the results of this thesis is a combined teaching material about LEGO Mindstorms NXT robots (Appendix 1). The book was put together according to the framework prooposed in this thesis.
Courses in schools and universities are changing. We are drifting away from traditional static teaching aids towards a new era of interactive content. Some time ago one might have published a book on paper and after sufficient time had past (and hopefuly most of the books had been sold) there would have been another relase of the book. With e-learning technologies like BlackBoard [1] and Moodle [2] getting more and more popular we are able to constantly update and improve our teaching aids. But we are not limited only to web, today almost anything might be seen as an e-learning platform – e-readers, smartphones, PDAs, web-browsers or eaven gameconsoles. All of these also make it possible to include interactivity like multimedia, polls and animations in our lectures. As technology has brought new possibilities it has also built new expectations. We have reached the day where the thing that matters the most is the freshness of information. In the English version of Wikipedia there are about 150000 edits made each day [3]. For every major event, there is a Wikipedia article created for it almos instantly. Companies no longer worry about polishing their newsletters to very last detail. Instead they use 140 characters in a socialnetwork like Twitter [5] or Facebook [4] to provide accurate and operative information to their clients. The same expectations for information accuracy and freshnes has moved to training materials. Users expect that, the lectures they are attending and books they are reading, always contain the most up to date information. Constant updating and improving of training-materials is an owerwhelming task for only one person to maintain. That is why many are starting to use collaborative methods known from Wikipedia and open-source software projects to tackle those tasks. Collaborative writing is a well reasearched topic [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]. However there has not been much reasearch done about using everyday software and services for getting through such projects. RAJU keskus [16] is a group of LEGO Mindstorm NXT robots [17] enthusiast in Institute of Computer Science in University of Tartu. They are responsible of training teachers for using LEGO robots in education. Today they have a lot of tutorials, slides and videos for that purpose. For the first time last year, about 10 bachelour theseses were written that were later meant to be adapted to this big LEGO Mindstorms teaching aid. Today this one big book does not exist, because the process of collaboration and the materials both have some problems. This paper researches the different problems in collaboration and its management, looks at software and services to support collaboration and anayzes the specific case of RAJU keskuse teaching aids and proposes how to improve the materials and the process of creating them. This paper consists of four parts: the first part describes the exact collaborative writing problem to be solved, the second part gives an extensive overview of collaborative writing area, the third chapter concentrates on choosing software and services to support the collaboration. The fourth part gives exact guidelines to RAJU keskus for improving their process of collaboratively writing their book. One of the results of this thesis is a combined teaching material about LEGO Mindstorms NXT robots (Appendix 1). The book was put together according to the framework prooposed in this thesis.