Oak dendrochronology and climatic signal in Finland and the Baltic States
Date
2013-10-23
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Abstract
Puude aastarõngastes on talletunud mineviku keskkonnatingimused. Nende põhjal saab mõista mineviku kliimat ja ennustada võimalikke tulevikuarenguid. Käesolev väitekiri analüüsib ilmastiku mõju hariliku tamme (Quercus robur L.) radiaalsele juurdekasvule liigi levila põhjapiiril Soomes ja Eestis ning kirjeldab tamme maltspuidu varieeruvust Läänemere idakaldal Soomes ja Baltimaades. Töös esitatakse esimene üle-eestiline tammekronoloogia (1646–2011) ning Soome, Läti, Leedu tammekronoloogiad. Eestis kasvava tamme juurdekasvumuster on sarnane naaberriikides ja isegi Põhja-Poolas kasvavate tammedega. Seega, neid tammekronoloogiaid saab dendrokronoloogilises dateerimises teatud üldistuses üksteisega asendada. Soomes ja Baltimaades varieerub tammede maltspuit 95% tõenäosusega vahemikus 6–19 aastarõngast. Maltspuit on tammepuidust esemetel ja ehituspuidus sageli eemaldatud või kõdunenud, kuid koorealuses puiduosas asuvad noorimad aastarõngad. Seetõttu võimaldab esitatud hinnang tõsta Läänemere idakalda tammepuidust arhitektuuri- ja kunstiobjektide dendrokronoloogiliste vanusemäärangute täpsust. Väitekirjas näidatakse, et liigi levila põhjapiiril tammede juurdekasvu mõjutab suve ilmastik. Täpsemalt, Lõuna-Soome ja Lääne-Eesti õhukestel põuakartlikel muldadel kasvavad tammed sõltuvad positiivselt suve sademete hulgast. Soome tammede hääbumise üheks põhjuseks võib pidada viimastel aastakümnetel sagenenud põudasid. Teisalt, Kirde-Eestis, kus tammed kasvavad tüsedatel põuakindlatel muldadel, veepuudus tammede kasvu ei pärsi ning mõjule pääseb suve alguse temperatuur. Kagu-Eesti puud sõltuvad nii suve sademetest kui ka temperatuurist. Väitekirjas esitatud Lääne-Eesti sademete rekonstruktsioon on esimene puude juurdekasvu põhjal koostatud Eesti mineviku kliima mudel. Mudeli arvutatud ekstreemumaastad kattuvad ajalooallikates toodud äärmuslike ilmastikuoludega rahuldavalt. Seega saab nii tuvastada mineviku ekstreemseid põua- ja vihma-aastaid.
Trees record environmental conditions in their annual growth layers and provide key clues to past climate and to possible future variations. Hence, the thesis investigates the weather impact on radial increment of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) at its northern distributional limit in Finland and Estonia, and explains its sapwood variability in the eastern Baltic region (i.e. in Finland and the Baltic States). The research resulted in the first countrywide oak tree-ring chronology (1646–2011) for Estonia as well as in respective Finnish, Latvian, Lithuanian chronologies. The similarity of oak growth pattern within the studied region is strong and extends up to northern Poland. Oak in the eastern Baltic region has 6–19 sapwood rings (within 95% confidence limits). This estimation increases the precision of oak tree-ring dating in the region, since the sapwood is often missing in the datable objects, but the last sapwood ring in the trunk indicates the felling date. At its northern distributional limit, oak’s radial growth is limited by summer weather. Accordingly, oaks growing on shallow soil in Finland and western Estonia are positively influenced by summer precipitation. Moreover, sequential summer droughts are a likely factor inducing oak decline in the studied Finnish forest. On the other hand, the oaks on the deeper drought resistant soil in northeastern Estonia are favoured by June temperature, and the oaks in the southeastern part of the country depend on both summer precipitation and temperature. In addition, the thesis presents the first tree-ring based palaeoclimatic reconstruction for Estonia. The pointer years identified in the retrodiction fairly agree with the summer precipitation extremes reported in historic sources. Thus the reconstruction model has adequate capacity of detecting past rainfall extremes.
Trees record environmental conditions in their annual growth layers and provide key clues to past climate and to possible future variations. Hence, the thesis investigates the weather impact on radial increment of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) at its northern distributional limit in Finland and Estonia, and explains its sapwood variability in the eastern Baltic region (i.e. in Finland and the Baltic States). The research resulted in the first countrywide oak tree-ring chronology (1646–2011) for Estonia as well as in respective Finnish, Latvian, Lithuanian chronologies. The similarity of oak growth pattern within the studied region is strong and extends up to northern Poland. Oak in the eastern Baltic region has 6–19 sapwood rings (within 95% confidence limits). This estimation increases the precision of oak tree-ring dating in the region, since the sapwood is often missing in the datable objects, but the last sapwood ring in the trunk indicates the felling date. At its northern distributional limit, oak’s radial growth is limited by summer weather. Accordingly, oaks growing on shallow soil in Finland and western Estonia are positively influenced by summer precipitation. Moreover, sequential summer droughts are a likely factor inducing oak decline in the studied Finnish forest. On the other hand, the oaks on the deeper drought resistant soil in northeastern Estonia are favoured by June temperature, and the oaks in the southeastern part of the country depend on both summer precipitation and temperature. In addition, the thesis presents the first tree-ring based palaeoclimatic reconstruction for Estonia. The pointer years identified in the retrodiction fairly agree with the summer precipitation extremes reported in historic sources. Thus the reconstruction model has adequate capacity of detecting past rainfall extremes.
Description
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone.
Keywords
tamm (bot.), dendrokronoloogia, Soome, Baltimaad, ilmastik, oak tree, dendrochronology, Finland, Baltic states, weather