Eesti Vabariigi sisserändepoliitika aastatel 1920–1923
Date
2014-01-06
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Abstract
Väitekirjas analüüsitakse Eesti Vabariigi sisserändepoliitikat aastatel 1920–1923. See oli periood, mil Eesti võimuesindajatel tuli kureerida teiste riikide kodanike sisserände kõrval kümnete tuhandete Eestist pärit isikute kodumaale naasmist. Töö eesmärk on anda ülevaade Eesti Vabariigi 1920. aastate alguses elluviidud sisserändepoliitikast, sidudes selle erinevaid tahke muude poliitikavaldkondadega ning riigi rajamise protsessiga laiemalt. Töös otsitakse vastust küsimusele, kuidas rändeprotsessi korraldati ning millistest asjaoludest ja põhimõtetest Eesti võimuesindajad sisserände suunamisel juhindusid. Mujal Euroopas rakendatud rändepoliitikate tutvustamise kaudu on Eesti näide asetatud laiemasse rahvusvahelisse konteksti. Väitekiri koosneb neljast varemilmunud artiklist ja sissejuhatavast ülevaatest.
Uurimustöö tulemusena võib sedastada, et Eesti 1920. aastate sisserändepoliitika sobitub Euroopa toonaste rändepoliitikate üldisesse mustrisse. Nagu mujal Euroopas, kajastusid Eestiski võimuesindajate püüded tagada riigi julgeolekut ning saavutada majanduslikku ja poliitilist stabiilsust sisse- ja tagasirändele seatud piirangutes. Näha võib otsest seost rändepiirangute kehtestamise ning majandusliku surutise süvenemise vahel. Tööpuuduse kasvades võeti meetmeid rahvusliku tööturu kaitseks, seades esikohale kohaliku elanikkonna huvid. Riigivõimu kindlustamise ja stabiilsuse tagamise püüetega võib seostada ka Eesti võimuesindajate taotlust tõkestada riigivastaselt meelestatud isikute riiki sisenemist ning piirata mitte-eestlaste sisserännet. Nii nagu teisteski Euroopa riikides, kalduti äsja iseseisvunud Eestis käsitlema etnilise heterogeensuse kasvu võimaliku ebastabiilsuse allikana.
The aim of this PhD thesis is to examine the Estonian immigration policy of the early 1920s, relating it with other fields of politics and with the broader framework of state-building. An overview is given of the system established for the background checks of the immigrants. An answer is sought to the question, what were the main principles that the Estonian politicians and officials followed when deciding upon the issuance of entry permits to persons wanting to return or to move to Estonia in 1920 to 1923. The thesis is composed of four articles that have been previously published in peer-reviewed journals, and of an introductory outline. As a result of the research, it can be argued that the immigration policy of the Republic of Estonia in the early 1920s fits into the general pattern of the immigration policies implemented by other European states at that time. As elsewhere in Europe, the endeavors of Estonian authorities to guarantee national security and to achieve economic and political stability led to a strict immigration control. The research established a direct correlation between the deterioration of the economic situation and the introduction of restrictions on immigration. Increasing unemployment led to the introduction of measures to protect the national labor market from external influences: priority was given to the local population. An aspiration of Estonian authorities to assure the political stability also explains the attempts to bar the entrance of persons who were known for their disloyalty to the new state and to restrain the immigration of non-Estonians. As in other European states, the increase in ethnic heterogeneity was perceived as a possible source of instability in the newly established Republic of Estonia.
The aim of this PhD thesis is to examine the Estonian immigration policy of the early 1920s, relating it with other fields of politics and with the broader framework of state-building. An overview is given of the system established for the background checks of the immigrants. An answer is sought to the question, what were the main principles that the Estonian politicians and officials followed when deciding upon the issuance of entry permits to persons wanting to return or to move to Estonia in 1920 to 1923. The thesis is composed of four articles that have been previously published in peer-reviewed journals, and of an introductory outline. As a result of the research, it can be argued that the immigration policy of the Republic of Estonia in the early 1920s fits into the general pattern of the immigration policies implemented by other European states at that time. As elsewhere in Europe, the endeavors of Estonian authorities to guarantee national security and to achieve economic and political stability led to a strict immigration control. The research established a direct correlation between the deterioration of the economic situation and the introduction of restrictions on immigration. Increasing unemployment led to the introduction of measures to protect the national labor market from external influences: priority was given to the local population. An aspiration of Estonian authorities to assure the political stability also explains the attempts to bar the entrance of persons who were known for their disloyalty to the new state and to restrain the immigration of non-Estonians. As in other European states, the increase in ethnic heterogeneity was perceived as a possible source of instability in the newly established Republic of Estonia.
Description
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone.
Keywords
rändepoliitika, sisseränne, Eesti, 1920-ndad, migration policy, immigration, Estonia, 1920s