Марийская орнитонимическая лексика в этнолингвистическом освещении
Kuupäev
2016-07-05
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Väitekiri käsitleb kujutlusi lindudest traditsioonilises mari kultuuris ja sellega seotud sõnavara. Uurimuse objektiks on mari ornitonüümid, mida on vaadeldud etnolingvistilistes, sotsiolingvistilistes ja onomasioloogilises aspektis.
Töö esimesel etapil määratletakse sotsioligvistilise analüüsi tulemusel ornitonüümse sõnavara tundmise määr mari keele idamurde rühmas ja teostatakse ornitonüümide onomasioloogiline analüüs. Esile tuuakse ornitonüümide nominatsiooni põhimõtted: nominatsioon objekti tunnuste järgi (hääl, suurus, väline kuju jms.) ja nominatsioon objekti kaudsete tunnuste järgi (linnu saabumise või äralennu aeg, linnu toitumine, lokaalne seotus jms.).
Uurimuse teisel etapil viiakse läbi ornitonüümide semantilis-derivatsiooniline ja fraseoloogiline analüüs. Linnunimed on aluseks inimese (сузиге, sõnasõnalt «metsisepoeg» ʻteismelineʼ), taimede (коракмӧр, sõnasõnalt «varese mari» ʻmaikellukeʼ), haiguste (чывышинча, sõnasõnalt «kana silm» ʻkanapimedusʼ), tikandimustrite (агытан поч, sõnasõnalt «kukesaba»), tarbeesemete (турняшӱй, sõnasõnalt «kure kael» ʻvankri viltune prussʼ) jm. ornitonüümilisteks nimetusteks. Kodu- ja metsikute lindude käitumise vaatlused on aluseks ornitonüümilise komponendiga fraseologismide tekkele, mis peegeldavad inimese välimust, füüsilisi ja psüühilisi omadusi ning inimese tegevuse iseloomu. Ornitonüümilise leksika ja fraseoloogiliste üksuste põhjal loodud semantiliste derivaatide analüüsi tulemusel tõusevad esile kõige iseloomulikumad lindudele omased jooned keeles ja kultuuris. Selliste tunnuste enamik hõlmab lindude reaalseid omadusi (hääl, värv, suurus). Vähem iseloomulikud on tunnused, mis on lindudele antud rahvalike (mütoloogiliste, folkloorsete jne.) ettekujutuste põhjal – halb mälu, võime sündmusi ette ennustada.
Töö kolmandas etapis võeti ette katse taastada linnukujundeid maride traditsioonilises kultuuris keeleliste (ka murdeliste) ja rahvaluule andmete järgi. Selgitati välja hulk mari traditsioonis esiletõusvaid kõige ilmekamaid linnukujundeid. Neile linnukujundeile on töös pühendatud 19 ülevaadet: vares, künnivares, hakk, ronk, harakas, öökull, part, hani, luik, kägu, kurg, tuvi, pääsuke, lõoke, vutt, ööbik, kuldnokk, västrik, rähn, kukk, kana.
Väitekirja materjali allikad on olnud ilmunud leksikograafilised teosed, etnograafilised kirjeldused, rahvaluuletekstide kogumikud ja autori isiklikud välitööde materjalid. Uurimus on mõeldud fennogristidele ja etnolingvistidele, etnograafidele, folkloristidele, aga samuti kõigile, kes tunnevad huvi traditsioonilise mari kultuuri vastu.
This thesis describes the ethno-linguistic characteristics of representations of birds in the traditional culture of the Mari and provides an analysis of vocabulary related to this area. The subject of this study is Mari ornithological vocabulary, considered in the ethno-linguistic, sociolinguistic and onomasiological aspects. At the first stage of the work we defined the amount of knowledge of ornithological vocabulary in the Mari eastern dialect areas by using the sociolinguistic analysis. The analysis of birds’ names was also carried out. There are two principles of birds’ names nomination: nomination by object’s attributes (voice, size, appearance and others) and nomination by relative signs of the object (time of arrival or departure, bird food, locative attachment, etc.). At the second stage of the study we carried out a semantic-derivational and phraseological analysis of the birds’ names. Names of birds serve as the basis for the creation of ornitonimiс names of a person (сузиге means “young wood grouse”, ʻteenagerʼ), plants (коракмӧр means “Crow berry”, ʻMay lilyʼ), disease (чывышинча means “Chicken eyes”, ʻmoon-blindnessʼ), embroidery patterns (агытан поч means “rooster tail”), household items (турняшӱй means “Crane neck”, ʻcurve timber in telegeʼ) and so on. Observations of the domestic and wild birds’ habits served as the basis for the formation of phraseological units with birds names’ component, which reflect the appearance, physical qualities, character traits, intelligence, human actions and so on. As a result of analysis of semantic derivations, formed on the basis of ornitonimiс vocabulary and phraseological units, which include birds’ designations, we can point out the most characteristic bird features, marked in the language and culture. Most of these features are based on the real characteristics of birds (voice, colour, size). A smaller group consists of signs attributed to birds on the basis of folk representations – mythological, folklore, etc. (bad memory, the ability to forecast events). At the third stage we reconstruct the images of birds in the traditional Mari culture by using language, dialect and folklore data. We identified some of the most striking images of birds preferred in Mari tradition. In the work, there are 19 essays devoted to the images of the crow, rook, crow, raven, magpie, owl, duck, goose, swan, cuckoo, crane, dove, swallow, bird, quail, nightingale, starling, wagtail, woodpecker, rooster, chicken. The sources of material were the published lexicographical works, ethnographic descriptions, folklore collections of texts and the author’s field materials. The study will be useful for Finno-Ugric linguists and ethnolinguists, ethnographers, folklorists, and also for all those interested in the traditional culture of the Mari.
This thesis describes the ethno-linguistic characteristics of representations of birds in the traditional culture of the Mari and provides an analysis of vocabulary related to this area. The subject of this study is Mari ornithological vocabulary, considered in the ethno-linguistic, sociolinguistic and onomasiological aspects. At the first stage of the work we defined the amount of knowledge of ornithological vocabulary in the Mari eastern dialect areas by using the sociolinguistic analysis. The analysis of birds’ names was also carried out. There are two principles of birds’ names nomination: nomination by object’s attributes (voice, size, appearance and others) and nomination by relative signs of the object (time of arrival or departure, bird food, locative attachment, etc.). At the second stage of the study we carried out a semantic-derivational and phraseological analysis of the birds’ names. Names of birds serve as the basis for the creation of ornitonimiс names of a person (сузиге means “young wood grouse”, ʻteenagerʼ), plants (коракмӧр means “Crow berry”, ʻMay lilyʼ), disease (чывышинча means “Chicken eyes”, ʻmoon-blindnessʼ), embroidery patterns (агытан поч means “rooster tail”), household items (турняшӱй means “Crane neck”, ʻcurve timber in telegeʼ) and so on. Observations of the domestic and wild birds’ habits served as the basis for the formation of phraseological units with birds names’ component, which reflect the appearance, physical qualities, character traits, intelligence, human actions and so on. As a result of analysis of semantic derivations, formed on the basis of ornitonimiс vocabulary and phraseological units, which include birds’ designations, we can point out the most characteristic bird features, marked in the language and culture. Most of these features are based on the real characteristics of birds (voice, colour, size). A smaller group consists of signs attributed to birds on the basis of folk representations – mythological, folklore, etc. (bad memory, the ability to forecast events). At the third stage we reconstruct the images of birds in the traditional Mari culture by using language, dialect and folklore data. We identified some of the most striking images of birds preferred in Mari tradition. In the work, there are 19 essays devoted to the images of the crow, rook, crow, raven, magpie, owl, duck, goose, swan, cuckoo, crane, dove, swallow, bird, quail, nightingale, starling, wagtail, woodpecker, rooster, chicken. The sources of material were the published lexicographical works, ethnographic descriptions, folklore collections of texts and the author’s field materials. The study will be useful for Finno-Ugric linguists and ethnolinguists, ethnographers, folklorists, and also for all those interested in the traditional culture of the Mari.
Kirjeldus
Märksõnad
mari keel, murded, linnunimetused, onomastika, etnograafia, rahvaluule, etnolingvistika, Mari language, dialects, bird designations, onomastics, ethnography, folklore, ethnolinguistics