Metabolic effects of acute and chronic treatment with valproic acid in people with epilepsy
Kuupäev
2017-01-30
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Valproaat (VPA) on maailmas laialt kasutatav epileptiliste hoogude kontrollimiseks mõeldud preparaat, mida erinevatel hinnangutel kasutab iga päev rohkem kui üks miljon inimest. Üheks kõige sagedasemaks VPA kõrvaltoimeks peetakse kehakaalu tõusu. Sellega võivad sageli kaasneda metaboolsed ja endokriinsed häired, mida hästi kirjeldab metaboolse sündroomi (MS) kontseptsioon. Vähesed uuringuid, mis kirjeldavad MS-i levimust ja riskifaktoreid VPA-d tarvitavatel patsientidel on andnud vastuolulisi tulemusi. Ei ole ka täpselt teada VPA-st tingitud kaalutõusu molekulaarsed mehhanismid. Käesoleva uuringu eesmärkideks oli hinnata MS-i ja selle komponentide levimust VPA-d tarvitavatel epilepsiaga inimestel, võrrelda seda üldpopulatsiooni ja teist antikonvulsanti - karbamasepiini (CBZ) tarvitavate patsientidega, iseloomustada veeni manustatava VPA akuutset mõju glükoosi vere kontsentratsioonile ning kirjeldada VPA kroonilise ravi toimet geeniekspressioonile esmaselt diagnoositud epilepsiaga patsientidel. Uuringus leiti, et MS-i levimus VPA-monoteraapial olevatel patsientidel on 25.8%, mis oluliselt ei erine MS-i levimusest Eesti üldpopulatsioonis ja CBZ tarvitavatel patsientidel. Samas, VPA-d tarvitavatel naistel on MS-i risk tendentsina kõrgem kui meestel. Seega, naistel, kellel juba enne ravi algust esineb kõrgem südame-veresoonkonna haiguste risk, ei ole VPA kasutamine ekvivalentse alternatiivi olemasolul soovitav. Pikem VPA ravi kestus ja kõrgem annus tõstsid samuti MS-i riski. Üllatavalt madal geenide transkriptsiooni aktivatsiooni tase meie uuringus on tingitud tõenäoliselt suhteliselt madalatest kasutatud VPA annustest. Järelikult, muutunud geenide ekspressiooniga seotud kõrvaltoimete tõenäosuse vähendamiseks on soovitav kasutada võimalikult väikest VPA annust. Pärast veenisisese VPA manustamist, glükoositaluvuse testi käigus, langes patsientidel plasma glükoosi kontsentratsioon. VPA otsene hüpogükeemiline toime ja sellega kaasnev võimalik söögiisu suurenemine võib seletada kaalu muutusi VPA-d tarvitavatel patsientidel. Antud töö tulemused annavad lisainformatsiooni VPA-raviga seotud riskidest ning aitavad ohutumalt kasutada seda efektiivset antikonvulsanti.
Valproate (VPA) is one of the most frequently prescribed antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), with more than one million people around the world estimated to be taking VPA every day. One of the most common side effects of VPA treatment is weight gain, which could be associated with important metabolic and endocrine abnormalities. However, only a few studies, with conflicting results, have examined the presence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in VPA-treated patients with epilepsy. The precise pathogenic mechanism underlying VPA-induced weight gain is also still unclear. The aims of the current study were to estimate the prevalence of MS and its components among people with epilepsy treated with VPA, to compare it to the general population, and to the people with epilepsy treated with other AED – carbamazepine (CBZ), as well as to describe the effect of acute intravenous VPA treatment on the blood levels of glucose and the influence of chronic VPA treatment on the gene expression in patients with epilepsy. We found that that the prevalence of MS in patients with epilepsy who received VPA treatment was 25.8%, which did not differ from the Estonian general population and CBZ-treated patients. However, females treated with VPA tended to have a higher risk of MS compared to males. Therefore, in females with a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, AEDs other than VPA could be considered first. Longer duration of VPA treatment and higher dose also tended to increase the risk of MS. The surprisingly small number of genes, which were differently expressed before and after the start of VPA treatment, is explained by the relatively low doses of VPA that were used. Therefore, to minimize the potential side effects of increased gene expression, it is recommended that the lowest effective dose of VPA be used for treating epilepsy. Intravenous VPA administration decreased glucose levels during oral glucose tolerance test directly following the initial VPA exposure. This finding could explain an increased appetite in VPA-treated patients that results in weight gain. The results of our study provide additional information about the risks related to the VPA treatment, which helps to use this effective AED more safely.
Valproate (VPA) is one of the most frequently prescribed antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), with more than one million people around the world estimated to be taking VPA every day. One of the most common side effects of VPA treatment is weight gain, which could be associated with important metabolic and endocrine abnormalities. However, only a few studies, with conflicting results, have examined the presence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in VPA-treated patients with epilepsy. The precise pathogenic mechanism underlying VPA-induced weight gain is also still unclear. The aims of the current study were to estimate the prevalence of MS and its components among people with epilepsy treated with VPA, to compare it to the general population, and to the people with epilepsy treated with other AED – carbamazepine (CBZ), as well as to describe the effect of acute intravenous VPA treatment on the blood levels of glucose and the influence of chronic VPA treatment on the gene expression in patients with epilepsy. We found that that the prevalence of MS in patients with epilepsy who received VPA treatment was 25.8%, which did not differ from the Estonian general population and CBZ-treated patients. However, females treated with VPA tended to have a higher risk of MS compared to males. Therefore, in females with a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, AEDs other than VPA could be considered first. Longer duration of VPA treatment and higher dose also tended to increase the risk of MS. The surprisingly small number of genes, which were differently expressed before and after the start of VPA treatment, is explained by the relatively low doses of VPA that were used. Therefore, to minimize the potential side effects of increased gene expression, it is recommended that the lowest effective dose of VPA be used for treating epilepsy. Intravenous VPA administration decreased glucose levels during oral glucose tolerance test directly following the initial VPA exposure. This finding could explain an increased appetite in VPA-treated patients that results in weight gain. The results of our study provide additional information about the risks related to the VPA treatment, which helps to use this effective AED more safely.
Kirjeldus
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Märksõnad
epilepsia, farmakoteraapia, valproaat, ainevahetussündroom, ravimite kõrvaltoimed, epilepsy, pharmacotherapy, valproate, metabolic syndrome, side effects of drugs