«Диалог миров» в матрице коммуникативного поведения удмуртов
Date
2017-10-10
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Abstract
Väitekiri on pühendatud suhetele surnute ja elavate maailma vahel udmurdi traditsioonilises kultuuris ruumiliste ja ajaliste representatsioonide kontekstis. Võttes näiteks sünni ja surmaga seotud pererituaalid vaatlen udmurtide sakraalset ja argist kommunikatiivset käitumist. Sünd ja surm annavad täpse pildi maailmade koostoimest, kajastades udmurtide arhailist maailmataju. Just nendel kriitilistel perioodidel muutuvad argiaeg ja -ruum sakraalseks ning motiveerivad kommunikatsiooni üksikisiku ja kogukonna tasandil teispoolsusega: kogu ümbritseva (esemed, nähtused, inimesed jne) tähenduslikkus suureneb siirderiituste käigus. Mütoloogiliste representatsioonide kohaselt muutub ühiskonna ja järelikult kogu maailma struktuur. Isiku sünd ja surm tugineb maailmade läbitavuse kontseptsioonil (vastsündinu tuleb teisest maailmast aga surnu lahkub sinna), eeldades sakraalset kontakti teisepoolsuse ja selle asunikega.
Toetudes erinevatele etnokommunikatiivsetele ning etnopsühholoogilistele näidetele oma välitöödelt, analüüsin udmurtide kommunikatiivse käitumise maatriksit ”maailmade dialoogi” raamistikus. Kogu uurimuse ulatuses keskendun tänasele olukorrale ning kajastan lokaalseid ja põlvkondadevahelisi variatsioone kommunikatsioonis teispoolsusega. Olulisel kohal on refleksiivne kogemus, mis dissertatsiooni materjalides kajastub.
Uurimus rajaneb autori aastakümne vältel läbi viidud välitöödel, arhiiviallikatel ning teaduskirjanduse andmetel.
This dissertation is dedicated to an analysis of the interaction between the world of the dead and the world of the living in traditional Udmurt culture. In the context of spatial and temporal representations, and using the example of family rituals connected with birth and death, I examine Udmurt communicative (sacral and ordinary) behaviour. Birth and death give precise images of the interaction of the worlds, while they reflect the archaic worldview and its representations. These are critical periods in which ordinary time and space are transformed and become sacral, motivating communication from the individuals and the community, enhancing the semantic signification of the environment (objects, phenomena, people, etc.) and encompassing many transition rituals of the life cycle. According to mythological representations, the transformation of society’s structure, and thus of the whole world, with the birth and the death of one person, implies the interpenetration of the worlds (the new-born comes from the other world, while the deceased returns there), something that provokes both contact with the other world and sacral communication with its inhabitants. Relying on different examples of ethno-communicative and ethno-psychological representations and stereotypes gathered in my fieldwork, I attempt to perceive a mould for Udmurt communicative behaviour in the framework of the ‘dialogue of worlds’. Throughout the research I insist on the contemporary situation, reflecting local and generational variations in communication with the world beyond. My reflexive experiences, which are reflected in the dissertation’s material, are significant. This research is based on the author’s fieldwork material collected over a decade (2007-2017), as well as on archive sources and data from scientific literature.
This dissertation is dedicated to an analysis of the interaction between the world of the dead and the world of the living in traditional Udmurt culture. In the context of spatial and temporal representations, and using the example of family rituals connected with birth and death, I examine Udmurt communicative (sacral and ordinary) behaviour. Birth and death give precise images of the interaction of the worlds, while they reflect the archaic worldview and its representations. These are critical periods in which ordinary time and space are transformed and become sacral, motivating communication from the individuals and the community, enhancing the semantic signification of the environment (objects, phenomena, people, etc.) and encompassing many transition rituals of the life cycle. According to mythological representations, the transformation of society’s structure, and thus of the whole world, with the birth and the death of one person, implies the interpenetration of the worlds (the new-born comes from the other world, while the deceased returns there), something that provokes both contact with the other world and sacral communication with its inhabitants. Relying on different examples of ethno-communicative and ethno-psychological representations and stereotypes gathered in my fieldwork, I attempt to perceive a mould for Udmurt communicative behaviour in the framework of the ‘dialogue of worlds’. Throughout the research I insist on the contemporary situation, reflecting local and generational variations in communication with the world beyond. My reflexive experiences, which are reflected in the dissertation’s material, are significant. This research is based on the author’s fieldwork material collected over a decade (2007-2017), as well as on archive sources and data from scientific literature.
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Keywords
udmurdid, maailmapilt, rahvuskultuur, rahvakombed, kommunikatsioon, religioosne käitumine, etnoloogia, Votyaks, worldview, national culture, folk customs, information transfer, religious behaviour, ethnology