Longitudinal changes in bone mineral characteristics in boys with obesity and with different body mass index gain during pubertal maturation: associations with body composition and inflammatory biomarkers
Date
2018-09-11
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Rasvumine lapse- ja noorukieas on tõsine terviserisk, mis toob kaasa erinevaid tervisehäireid. Murdeiga on periood inimese elukaares, mil toimuvad märgatavad muutused kehakaalus, pikkuskasvus ning keha koostises. Just kehakaalu liigne lisandumine selle kriitilise perioodi jooksul võib olla põhjuseks, miks erinevad tervisehäired tekivad. Enam seostatakse rasvumisega südame-veresoonkonna häireid, kuid tähelepanuta ei saa jätta ka luustikku. Rasvunud lastel esineb rohkem luumurde võrreldes tervete eakaaslastega, mis viitab luutiheduse ja rasvumise vahelisele seosele. 40% luumassist moodustub murdeeas, mistõttu on see oluline arenguperiood luu tervise seisukohast. Kui ühelt poolt on levinud teadmine, et suurema keha kandmiseks on vaja tugevamaid luid, siis teisalt on välja toodud, et liigne rasvkude hakkab sellele vastu töötama. Rasvkude toodab aktiivselt erinevaid hormoone ja valke (tsütokiine), mis muudavad rasvunud nooruki keha just kui laboriks, kus toimub pidev alaägeda põletiku tootmine, mis koormab immuunsüsteemi ja mõjutab tervist. Teadaolevalt pole varem uuritud murdeea jooksul toimuvaid muutusi ja seoseid keha koostise, sh luukoe ning vereseerumi põletikuliste näitajate vahel erineva kehamassiindeksi tõusuga rasvunud poistel. Kolme aasta jooksul läbiviidud uuringus selgus, et kuigi rasvunud poiste vereseerumis leidub tõusnud põletikunäitajaid võrreldes tervete eakaaslastega, siis murdeeas võib täheldada mõnede langust. Leiti, et rasvunud poiste vereseerumis leidub põletikunäitajaid, mis võivad aidata tuvastada neid rasvunud poisse, kes on ohustatud edasisest suuremast kehakaalu tõusust murdeea jooksul. Uuring kinnitas varasemaid teadmisi, et rasvunud noorukite luutiheduse näitajad suurenevad rohkem võrreldes normaalkaalus eakaaslastega. Ometi selgus, et kehamassiindeksi lisandumine üle teatud kriitilise piiri ei toonud murdeeas rasvunud poiste luutiheduse näitajatele täiendavat kasu. Uuring tuvastas neli põletikumarkerit, mis potentsiaalselt kahandavad või soodustavad luukoe moodustumist erineva kehamassiindeksiga poistel murdeeas.
Obesity in childhood and adolescence is a serious health risk that results in various health problems. Major changes in body weight and length, and body composition occur during pubertal maturation. Excessive weight gain during this critical period can cause different health problems. Obesity is most commonly associated with cardiovascular disorders, its effect on the skeletal system is equally important. Children with obesity have more fractures compared to their healthy weight peers, indicating the link between bone density and obesity. 40% of the bone mass accumulates during puberty, making it an important developmental stage in terms of bone health. It is common knowledge that stronger bones are needed to carry a larger body, but it has also been shown that excessive adipose tissue will counteract bone development. Adipose tissue actively produces different hormones and proteins (cytokines), turning the body of an adolescent with obesity into a “laboratory”, where subacute inflammation is continuously produced that affects the whole immune system and, consequently, health. To the best of our knowledge there are no studies investigating longitudinal changes and associations in body composition (incl bone) and blood serum inflammatory markers in boys with obesity with different body mass index gain during pubertal years. The current three-year study found that although some inflammatory markers are elevated in boys with obesity compared to healthy peers, decline can be observed in some markers during puberty. It was also found that some blood serum inflammatory markers in boys with obesity can identify the boys who are at risk for further extensive weight gain. The study confirmed previous knowledge that bone density parameters increase to a greater extent in adolescent boys with obesity compared to their normal weight peers. However, it emerged that the additional body mass index gain above the certain critical limit did not add any additional benefits to bone. The study identified four inflammatory markers that potentially diminish or enhance bone mineral accrual in boys with different body mass index during puberty.
Obesity in childhood and adolescence is a serious health risk that results in various health problems. Major changes in body weight and length, and body composition occur during pubertal maturation. Excessive weight gain during this critical period can cause different health problems. Obesity is most commonly associated with cardiovascular disorders, its effect on the skeletal system is equally important. Children with obesity have more fractures compared to their healthy weight peers, indicating the link between bone density and obesity. 40% of the bone mass accumulates during puberty, making it an important developmental stage in terms of bone health. It is common knowledge that stronger bones are needed to carry a larger body, but it has also been shown that excessive adipose tissue will counteract bone development. Adipose tissue actively produces different hormones and proteins (cytokines), turning the body of an adolescent with obesity into a “laboratory”, where subacute inflammation is continuously produced that affects the whole immune system and, consequently, health. To the best of our knowledge there are no studies investigating longitudinal changes and associations in body composition (incl bone) and blood serum inflammatory markers in boys with obesity with different body mass index gain during pubertal years. The current three-year study found that although some inflammatory markers are elevated in boys with obesity compared to healthy peers, decline can be observed in some markers during puberty. It was also found that some blood serum inflammatory markers in boys with obesity can identify the boys who are at risk for further extensive weight gain. The study confirmed previous knowledge that bone density parameters increase to a greater extent in adolescent boys with obesity compared to their normal weight peers. However, it emerged that the additional body mass index gain above the certain critical limit did not add any additional benefits to bone. The study identified four inflammatory markers that potentially diminish or enhance bone mineral accrual in boys with different body mass index during puberty.
Description
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone
Keywords
puberty, boys, body mass index, overweight, body composition, bone density, blood serum, inflammation, biomarkers, Estonia, longitudinal researches