On the equivalents of the Latvian verbal prefixes in Estonian
Date
2020-03-06
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Abstract
Väitekirjas uuritakse läti verbiprefiksite ja nende funktsioonide võimalikke väljendusviise eesti keeles. Eesti emakeelega õppijate jaoks on läti keele õppimise juures üks kõige raskemini omandatavaid teemasid just läti verbiprefiksid ehk verbi eesliited, kuna 1) eesti keeles verbiprefiksid puuduvad ja sellest lähtuvalt ei taju keeleõppija üldjuhul seda, kas ja kuidas tuleb prefikseid kasutada, ning 2) ei leidu asjakohaseid õppematerjale, mille abil teada saada, millal ja milliste verbidega tuleb prefikseid kasutada. Kuigi mõnel puhul on küll võimalik eesti keelega paralleele tuua (nt osadel juhtudel on märgata prefiksite sarnasust perfektiivus- või afiksaaladverbidega), pole eesti keeles siiski vasteid alati võimalik määratleda. Lähtudes eelnimetatud probleemidest, on väitekirja eesmärgiks olnud uurida, millised on läti verbiprefiksite võimalikud vasted eesti keeles, nimelt, milliseid keelelisi vahendeid (nt leksikaalgrammatilisi, süntaktilisi, analüütilisi, semantilisi) võib selleks kasutada, ning millistel juhtudel läti verbiprefiksitel eesti keeles vasted puuduvad. Küsimustele vastamiseks on kasutatud tõlkepõhist uurimismaterjali, mis koosneb kaheksast lätikeelsest ilukirjandusteosest ja nende eestikeelsetest tõlgetest. Uurimisküsimustele vastamisel ilmnesid mitmed asjaolud, mis olid selle uurimuse kontekstis olulised, näiteks, et kas verb on sihiline või sihitu, kas verb on liikumisverb või mitte. Liikumisverbi puhul on tõenäolisem, et verbile liituva prefiksi tähendus on tugevalt seotud sellele vastava määrsõna tähendusega, ja siis on prefiksi eestikeelne vaste samatähenduslik määrsõna. Veel on oluliseks faktoriks see, mitme prefiksiga verbi tuletada saab, kas prefiksverbid on polüseemilised, kas eesti keeles on tegemist partitiivverbiga jne. Uurimistöö tulemused annavad ülevaate läti prefiksverbide võimalikest vastetest eesti keeles ning on heaks lähtepunktiks vajaliku õppematerjali väljatöötamisel ja edasisel uurimisel.
The dissertation investigates the possible equivalents of the Latvian verbal prefixes in the Estonian language. One of the most difficult subjects for Estonian native speakers who study Latvian is the Latvian verbal prefixes. The reason for that may be that: 1) there are no verbal prefixes in Estonian and consequently the language learner usually does not perceive whether and how to use prefixes, but also 2) there are no practicable study materials that would introduce the Latvian verbal prefixes and their appropriate usage. Although in some cases it is possible to draw parallels with Estonian (e.g. in some cases prefixes are similar to Estonian verb particles), it is not always possible to find the equivalents. Based on the aforementioned problems, the aim of the dissertation is to investigate, what are the possible equivalents of the Latvian verbal prefixes in Estonian, i.e. what means (lexical-grammatical, syntactic, analytical, semantic) can be used to express the respective verbal prefix function? Also, in what cases do Latvian verbal prefixes not have equivalents in Estonian? Material used for the study is a parallel text corpus that consists of eight Latvian fiction works and their Estonian translations. There were a number of distinctions that were revealed to be important in the context of this study in order to answer the research questions: starting with whether the verb is transitive or intransitive, whether the verb is a motion verb or not. In the case of a motion verb, it is more likely that the meaning of the prefix joining the verb is strongly related to the meaning of the corresponding adverb, which means that the adverb in Estonian is reflected in the particle verb. Other important factors are for example: how many prefixes can a verb be derived with, whether the prefixed verb is polysemic or homonymous, whether the verb in Estonian is a partitive verb etc. The results of the research provide a sufficient overview of the Latvian verbal prefix possible equivalents in the Estonian and is a good starting point for the further research and necessary study material development.
The dissertation investigates the possible equivalents of the Latvian verbal prefixes in the Estonian language. One of the most difficult subjects for Estonian native speakers who study Latvian is the Latvian verbal prefixes. The reason for that may be that: 1) there are no verbal prefixes in Estonian and consequently the language learner usually does not perceive whether and how to use prefixes, but also 2) there are no practicable study materials that would introduce the Latvian verbal prefixes and their appropriate usage. Although in some cases it is possible to draw parallels with Estonian (e.g. in some cases prefixes are similar to Estonian verb particles), it is not always possible to find the equivalents. Based on the aforementioned problems, the aim of the dissertation is to investigate, what are the possible equivalents of the Latvian verbal prefixes in Estonian, i.e. what means (lexical-grammatical, syntactic, analytical, semantic) can be used to express the respective verbal prefix function? Also, in what cases do Latvian verbal prefixes not have equivalents in Estonian? Material used for the study is a parallel text corpus that consists of eight Latvian fiction works and their Estonian translations. There were a number of distinctions that were revealed to be important in the context of this study in order to answer the research questions: starting with whether the verb is transitive or intransitive, whether the verb is a motion verb or not. In the case of a motion verb, it is more likely that the meaning of the prefix joining the verb is strongly related to the meaning of the corresponding adverb, which means that the adverb in Estonian is reflected in the particle verb. Other important factors are for example: how many prefixes can a verb be derived with, whether the prefixed verb is polysemic or homonymous, whether the verb in Estonian is a partitive verb etc. The results of the research provide a sufficient overview of the Latvian verbal prefix possible equivalents in the Estonian and is a good starting point for the further research and necessary study material development.
Description
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone
Keywords
Latvian language, verbs, prepositions, Estonian language, translation and interpretation