The structure of a consistent global pragmatism
Date
2020-12-21
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Abstract
Pragmatism on tähendusteoreetiline vaade, mille järgi lausete tähendus ja tõesus tuleneb sellest, kuidas keelekõnelejate kogukond kasutab keelt eesmärkide saavutamiseks. Sellega vastanduvad pragmatistid representatsionistlikule arusaamale, et keel mingis mõttes esitab objektiivset reaalsust. Globaalne pragmatism on nüüdisaegne pragmatismi vool, mis lükkab representatsionistliku vaate tagasi kogu tähendusliku keelemängu ulatuses. Globaalseteks pragmatistideks võib pidada selliseid filosoofe nagu Ludwig Wittgenstein, Richard Rorty, Robert Brandom ja Huw Price.
Väitekirjas põhjendan globaalse pragmatismi struktuuri, milles oleks võimalik kooskõlaliselt representatsionismist loobuda. Globaalsed pragmatistid peaksid esmalt tunnistama, et keelt kasutavad kogukonnad mängivad semantiliselt vähemalt kahte liiki keelemänge. Ühtedes mängudes näitab tõene väide justkui seda, kuidas asjad maailmas inimestest sõltumata on. Lisaks sellele on aga ka keelemängud, kus rakendub pragmatistlik tähendusteooria ja kus väite tõesus tähendab seda, et see klapib kogukonnas omaksvõetud õigustusmustriga.
Niiviisi kaheks jaotunud semantika kontekstis saavad globaalsed pragmatistid kooskõlaliselt postuleerida, et metasemantika ei ole representatsionistlik ja sellele rakendub ainult pragmatistlik tähendusteooria. See tähendab, et semantilised laused ise – laused, mis sisaldavad mõnda semantilist terminit, nt „väide, et kohvitass on laual, on representatsionistlikult tõene” – saavad olla tõesed või väärad ainult pragmatistlikus mõttes, nt et see klapib omaksvõetud keelemänguga. Nii tühistavad pragmatistid representatsionismi metasemantilisel tasandil. Seeläbi kammitsevad pragmatistid meie metafüüsilisi tunge, et leidub mingi kindel viis kuidas asjad on. Need tungid tekitavad asjatuid metafüüsili probleeme ja takistavad kogukondadel muutunud eesmärkide valguses oma praktikaid ümber seadistada.
Pragmatism, as it is understood in the context of my dissetation, is an approach in philosophy of language that aims to provide an account of meanings of expressions in terms of how the expressions are used in a linguistic community, rather than in terms of how they represent the mind- and language-independent world. Global pragmatism seeks to extend, or globalize, this non-representational stance to all discourses. This amounts to a rejection of the representationalist conviction that there are at least some expressions in some discourses that refer to some aspect of a metaphysically objective external reality. This kind of approach has been advanced by pragmatist thinkers like Ludwig Wittgenstein, Richard Rorty, Wilfrid Sellars, Robert Brandom and Huw Price. The central aim of this dissertation is to put forth a logically consistent structure of how pragmatist can be global non-representationalist. I suggest the following approach. First, global pragmatists should adopt a two-fold conception of truth (representational and non-representational truth) as well as a bifurcation of other semantic notions. And second, global pragmatists should regard the discourse about semantics itself as apt for merely non-representational treatment. Non-representational meta-semantics stipulates that the talk about how sentences represent some extralinguistic reality gets its meanings only due to being part of a language game. This would be a metaphysically modest position suitable for a pragmatist – the object-level representationalism gets deflated in meta-semantics. In this way pragmatists invite us to restrain our metaphysical urges to have a one true account of how things really are. Not only do these urges lead to unnecessary metaphysical problems, but they also meddle with our reflections on how our ends change in time and thus hinder our capabilities as a community to adjust our practices accordingly.
Pragmatism, as it is understood in the context of my dissetation, is an approach in philosophy of language that aims to provide an account of meanings of expressions in terms of how the expressions are used in a linguistic community, rather than in terms of how they represent the mind- and language-independent world. Global pragmatism seeks to extend, or globalize, this non-representational stance to all discourses. This amounts to a rejection of the representationalist conviction that there are at least some expressions in some discourses that refer to some aspect of a metaphysically objective external reality. This kind of approach has been advanced by pragmatist thinkers like Ludwig Wittgenstein, Richard Rorty, Wilfrid Sellars, Robert Brandom and Huw Price. The central aim of this dissertation is to put forth a logically consistent structure of how pragmatist can be global non-representationalist. I suggest the following approach. First, global pragmatists should adopt a two-fold conception of truth (representational and non-representational truth) as well as a bifurcation of other semantic notions. And second, global pragmatists should regard the discourse about semantics itself as apt for merely non-representational treatment. Non-representational meta-semantics stipulates that the talk about how sentences represent some extralinguistic reality gets its meanings only due to being part of a language game. This would be a metaphysically modest position suitable for a pragmatist – the object-level representationalism gets deflated in meta-semantics. In this way pragmatists invite us to restrain our metaphysical urges to have a one true account of how things really are. Not only do these urges lead to unnecessary metaphysical problems, but they also meddle with our reflections on how our ends change in time and thus hinder our capabilities as a community to adjust our practices accordingly.
Description
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone
Keywords
pragmatism, philosophy, structural analysis, representatsionalism, scientific publications, metasemantics, discourse analysis