Jalgpalli positsioonist Eestis ja selle marginaliseerumise põhjustest Nõukogude anneksiooni perioodil
Date
2021-04-06
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Abstract
Maailmas on vähe riike, kus jalgpall oleks kaotanud oma juhtiva koha teiste spordialade seas. Eesti on sellest tõenäoliselt parim näide. Vähe sellest – Nõukogude anneksiooni tingimustes hakkas ka põlisrahvas jalgpalli suhtuma põlglikult. Kui enne II maailmasõda oli jalgpall Eestis kõige harrastatum, publikurohkeim, jõukaim ja meedias koos kergejõustikuga enim kajastatud spordiala, siis pärast Eesti okupeerimist pidi kohalik sport kohanduma punaimpeeriumi spordisüsteemiga. Liiduvabariikidele said kõige tähtsamaks medalid ja punktid eri tasandite spartakiaadidelt. Nende järgi hinnati spordijuhtide tööd. See tähendas, et majanduslikult odavam oli ette valmistada individuaalsetel olümpiaaladel võistlevaid sportlasi, kellest üksainus võis erinevatelt distsipliinidelt tuua mitu medalit. Jalgpallimeeskonna ülalpidamine koos taustajõududega oli kallis, hea tulemus polnud garanteeritud ja mängus oli vaid üks medalikomplekt.
Kuigi NSV Liidu spordisüsteem töötas selle nimel, et rahvusvahelisel tasandil näidata oma üleolekut kapitalistlikest riikidest ja edestada neid olümpiamängudel, jäi suure riigi rahva jaoks kõige armastatumaks siiski jalgpall. Seal oli konkurents tihedam kui olümpiaaladel. Pisikesele Eestile see sobis, sest tänu kõrgel tasemel oskusteabele individuaalaladel oli võimalik läbi lüüa nii üleliiduliselt kui NSV Liidu koondise kaudu rahvusvaheliselt. Eesti otsustas suunata oma ressursid olümpiaaladele ja likvideeris 14 aastaks esindusmeeskonna (koondise), loobudes osalemast NSV Liidu meistrivõistlustel. Otsuse tegi lihtsamaks laiaulatuslik immigratsioon mujalt NSV Liidust, mis venestas eelkõige slaavlaste seas populaarseid alasid nagu jalgpall, jäähoki ja poks. Nii nagu eestlased vältisid avalikus ruumis füüsilisi kontakte sissetungijatega, hakkasid nad taanduma ka kõigilt kontaktsetelt spordialadelt, mida harrastasid immigrandid.
There are only a few states in the world where football has lost its leading role among the other fields of sport. Estonia is perhaps the best example of such a case. Under the conditions of the Soviet occupation the local people also lost their respect towards football. Before World War II football together with track and field were the most popular sports drawing the greatest number of spectators and wealth and being most often reflected in the media; after the occupation, however, the local sport life had to adjust itself to the system of the Red Empire. For the republics of the Soviet Union, medals and points from all-union competitions became the most important aspect of sport. The work of sports leaders was estimated regarding the medals and points. It meant that it was much cheaper to prepare sportsmen competing in individual olympic sport fields as one of them might bring several medals from different disciplines. Maintenance of a football team together with the background workers was expensive, a good result was not guaranteed and there was only one set of medals to be won. Although the Soviet sports system worked to demonstrate its superiority to the capitalist states and to be better at the Olympic Games, football remained the most appreciated sport for the people all over the big country. Competition was much denser here than in the Olympic sports. It was most suitable for such a small country as Estonia as due to the high level knowhow in individual sports it was possible to be successful both at the union level and through the Soviet team also at the international level. Estonia decides to use its resources for promoting the Olympic sports and as a consequence had no representational team for 14 years, giving up participation at the Soviet championships. The decision was the simpler because of the large-scale immigration from all over the Soviet Union which caused the Russification of such sports popular above all among the Slavs, such as football, ice-hockey and boxing. In the way the Estonians avoided contact with the invader in the public space, they also started to avoid all contact sports popular among the immigrants.
There are only a few states in the world where football has lost its leading role among the other fields of sport. Estonia is perhaps the best example of such a case. Under the conditions of the Soviet occupation the local people also lost their respect towards football. Before World War II football together with track and field were the most popular sports drawing the greatest number of spectators and wealth and being most often reflected in the media; after the occupation, however, the local sport life had to adjust itself to the system of the Red Empire. For the republics of the Soviet Union, medals and points from all-union competitions became the most important aspect of sport. The work of sports leaders was estimated regarding the medals and points. It meant that it was much cheaper to prepare sportsmen competing in individual olympic sport fields as one of them might bring several medals from different disciplines. Maintenance of a football team together with the background workers was expensive, a good result was not guaranteed and there was only one set of medals to be won. Although the Soviet sports system worked to demonstrate its superiority to the capitalist states and to be better at the Olympic Games, football remained the most appreciated sport for the people all over the big country. Competition was much denser here than in the Olympic sports. It was most suitable for such a small country as Estonia as due to the high level knowhow in individual sports it was possible to be successful both at the union level and through the Soviet team also at the international level. Estonia decides to use its resources for promoting the Olympic sports and as a consequence had no representational team for 14 years, giving up participation at the Soviet championships. The decision was the simpler because of the large-scale immigration from all over the Soviet Union which caused the Russification of such sports popular above all among the Slavs, such as football, ice-hockey and boxing. In the way the Estonians avoided contact with the invader in the public space, they also started to avoid all contact sports popular among the immigrants.
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Keywords
Estonia, football, sports politics, sports history, sport administration, historiography, Soviet era