Protecting property rights through international treaties but with constitutional brakes: the case of contemporary Russia
Kuupäev
2021-09-24
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Väitekirjas hinnatakse rahvusvaheliste lepingute täitmist Venemaa poolt ja Venemaa käsitust rahvusvahelise õiguse vahekorrast oma riigisisese õigusega eelkõige omandiõiguse valguses. Lisaks uuritakse Venemaa ning Euroopa Nõukogu ja teiste rahvusvaheliste organisatsioonide suhteid läbi aastate ning nende rahvusvaheliste organisatsioonide ning rahvusvaheliste lepingutega liitumise mõju sellele, kuidas Venemaa teostab rahvusvahelist õigust. Täpsemalt keskendutakse väitekirjas omandiõigusele Venemaa õiguskorras ning hinnatakse selle kooskõla rahvusvahelise õiguse normidega.
Viimastel aastatel on ilmnenud mitmeid põhimõttelisi probleeme seoses rahvusvaheliste lepingute täitmisega Venemaa poolt. Seda küsimust ei saa käsitleda mustvalgelt üksnes selle põhjal, kas Euroopa Inimõiguste Kohtu otsuseid Venemaa õigussüsteemis täidetakse või mitte. Arvesse on vaja võtta suuremat pilti, sealhulgas Venemaa ajalugu ja eriti lähiminevikku pärast Nõukogude Liidu lagunemist. Sellel, miks Venemaa ei täida rahvusvahelisi lepinguid, on palju erinevaid põhjuseid, muuhulgas Nõukogude Liidu järgsel Venemaal omandiõiguse kontseptsiooni väljatöötamisega seotud probleemid ning keeruline erastamise protsess 1990ndatel.
Kui inimõiguste mõistet käsitada teatud laadi õigussiirdena, vähemalt eelnenud Nõukogude perioodiga võrreldes, siis on selge, et selle ülevõtmine Venemaa õigussüsteemi ei ole läinud nii ladusalt, kui Venemaa Euroopa inimõiguste konventsiooniga ühinemise ajal eeldati. Kui uurida omandiõiguse kaitset Venemaal, ilmneb selles hulk puudujääke. Nagu käesoleva väitekirja neli artiklit näitasid, on omandiõiguse aluseks eelkõige õigusriigi põhimõte (rule of law), eriti nii riigisiseste kui rahvusvaheliste õigusnormide austamine. Väitekirjast nähtub, et kuna Venemaal õigusnorme ei austata, ei pruugi praegu kehtivad regulatsioonid Venemaal omandiõigust (nii, nagu need on tagatud Euroopa inimõiguste konventsiooniga) piisavalt tõhusalt kaitsta.
This thesis assesses Russia's compliance with international treaties and its understanding of the role of international law concerning Russian domestic law with a focus on property rights. Moreover, this dissertation delves into Russia's relationship over the years with the Council of Europe and other international organizations and how Russia's membership in such international organizations or treaties reflects its practice of international law. In particular, the focus of this thesis is on property rights and how these come into line with international law standards. When considering Russia's compliance with international treaties, it becomes clear that recent years have revealed several fundamental issues. Paradoxically, this cannot only be looked at as a black and white matter, which could easily be translated into implementation or non-implementation of decisions of the European Court of Human Rights in the Russian domestic legal system. Here, a broader picture must be drawn, including Russia's history and especially Russia's more recent past after the fall of the Soviet Union. Several factors underlie Russia´s inability to comply with international standards, inter alia the problems related to the development of the concept of property rights in Russia after the fall of the Soviet Union and the difficult privatization process during 1990s. If seen as a legal transplant of sorts, the concept of human rights, at least compared to the earlier Soviet period, is not as easily implemented in the Russian legal system as expected when Russia signed the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR). An examination of the protection of property rights in Russia uncovers many flaws. As demonstrated by the four articles in this dissertation, substantive property rights need the rule of law and respect for formal legal rules (nationally and internationally) as a basis. This thesis suggests that since laws are not being respected, the current regulations may not be effective enough to protect property rights (as guaranteed in the ECHR) in Russia.
This thesis assesses Russia's compliance with international treaties and its understanding of the role of international law concerning Russian domestic law with a focus on property rights. Moreover, this dissertation delves into Russia's relationship over the years with the Council of Europe and other international organizations and how Russia's membership in such international organizations or treaties reflects its practice of international law. In particular, the focus of this thesis is on property rights and how these come into line with international law standards. When considering Russia's compliance with international treaties, it becomes clear that recent years have revealed several fundamental issues. Paradoxically, this cannot only be looked at as a black and white matter, which could easily be translated into implementation or non-implementation of decisions of the European Court of Human Rights in the Russian domestic legal system. Here, a broader picture must be drawn, including Russia's history and especially Russia's more recent past after the fall of the Soviet Union. Several factors underlie Russia´s inability to comply with international standards, inter alia the problems related to the development of the concept of property rights in Russia after the fall of the Soviet Union and the difficult privatization process during 1990s. If seen as a legal transplant of sorts, the concept of human rights, at least compared to the earlier Soviet period, is not as easily implemented in the Russian legal system as expected when Russia signed the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR). An examination of the protection of property rights in Russia uncovers many flaws. As demonstrated by the four articles in this dissertation, substantive property rights need the rule of law and respect for formal legal rules (nationally and internationally) as a basis. This thesis suggests that since laws are not being respected, the current regulations may not be effective enough to protect property rights (as guaranteed in the ECHR) in Russia.
Kirjeldus
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone
Märksõnad
international agreements, property, human rights, fundamental rights, constitutional law, Russia