Designing, implementing and evaluating teaching and learning modules for promoting decision-making towards STEM careers
Kuupäev
2021-11-03
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Käesolev doktoritöö lähtub probleemidest, et väike osa Eesti õpilastest seostab oma tulevikku elukutsetega loodusteaduste ja tehnoloogia (LTT) valdkonnas ning tüdrukute seas on vähene huvi inseneeria ja info- ja kommunikatsioonitehnoloogia erialade valiku vastu.
Eelmainitud probleemide põhjustena on välja toodud puudujääke loodusteaduslike ainete õpetamispraktikates, mis ei toeta õpilastes huvi kujunemist, LTT valdkonna väärtustamist ning õpilaste LTT-alase karjääriteadlikkuse kujunemist. Tihti pole õpetajatelgi teadlikkust elukutsete mitmekesisusest LTT valdkonnas.
Seetõttu töötati välja LTT valdkonna karjääriteadlikkust toetav sekkumine ning hinnati selle mõju põhikooli õpilaste õpimotivatsioonile, karjääriteadlikkusele ja karjäärivalikutele. Sekkumine koosnes viie kontekstipõhise, aktiivõpet võimaldava õppemooduli rakendamisest loodusteaduste tundides 7.-9. klassis, mille käigus ehitati muuhulgas mobiili laadiv päikesepaneel, külastati limonaaditööstust ja kehastuti tolliametnikuks. Sekkumine viidi läbi kolmes Eesti koolis (N = 104) ja mõju selgitamiseks kaasati kontrollgrupp (N = 24).
Käesoleva doktoritöö tulemustena leiti, et karjääriteadlikkust toetav sekkumine oli enamike õpilaste jaoks huvitav, õppeprotsess meeldiv ja toetas õpitu väärtustamist erinevatel tasemetel (isiklik, perekondlik, kohalik, globaalne). Samas ei vastanud valitud teemad ja ka tutvustatud elukutsed enamike õpilaste huvidele või karjäärivalikutele, mistõttu olid vähesed osalenud õpilastest valmis kajastatud teemasid edasi õppima. Olulise tulemusena näidati, et karjääriteadlikkust toetav sekkumine aitas kaasa nii poiste kui tüdrukute karjääriteadlikkuse kasvule. See omakorda loob eeldused, et otsuseid LTT valdkondade valimise kasuks või kahjuks tehakse teadmiste põhiselt mitte toetudes ühiskonnas levinud stereotüüpidele. Lisaks leiti, et proportsionaalselt rohkemate sekkumises osalenud õpilaste seas püsis LTT valdkond karjäärivalikuna võrreldes kontrollgrupi õpilastega.
Uuringu tulemustest ning valdkondlikust teaduskirjandusest lähtuvalt on soovitav rakendada loodusteaduste tundides õpilaste karjääriteadlikkust toetavaid kontekstipõhiseid ja aktiivõpet võimaldavaid õpimooduleid.
The current study addresses the problem of students, especially girls not aspiring to careers in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) fields. Furthermore, it is problematic that the minority of girls are pursuing STEM careers, which is one of the reasons for gender imbalance within science-related fields, like information and communication technology (ICT), engineering and medicine in a range of countries including Estonia. These problems have been linked with poor pedagogical practices, which are unable to make science and mathematics studies at school relevant and interesting, added with low level of raising students’ awareness about possible STEM careers in science classes at school. This thesis aimed to give an overview of the development of an intervention course designed to support students’ study motivation through supporting interest, relevance and enjoyment (IRE) of learning science by incorporating information about and work activities of STEM professionals into science teaching. Altogether five teaching and learning modules (TLMs) were implemented in Grades 7 until 9 in three schools (N = 104) and one class from another school was included as a control group (N = 24). During the intervention, students built a solar panel for charging their phones, visited lemonade factory, experimented with lemonades, acted as a customs officer to stop the trade of endangered species. The impact of implementing STEM career awareness promoting TLMs on students’ a) study motivation, b) career awareness and c) career aspirations was determined. It was found that the majority of students enjoyed learning with TLMs, felt interested in the process and perceived relevance on different levels (personal, family, local, global). However, the TLMs did not align with the interests and career aspirations of the majority of students. Thus, the minority felt motivated to learn module topics further. In addition, both boys and girls career awareness became better, which suggested that career decisions would be made based on knowledge not on stereotypes. Thirdly, it was found that among the experimental group students career aspirations toward STEM were more stable in comparison to the control group.
The current study addresses the problem of students, especially girls not aspiring to careers in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) fields. Furthermore, it is problematic that the minority of girls are pursuing STEM careers, which is one of the reasons for gender imbalance within science-related fields, like information and communication technology (ICT), engineering and medicine in a range of countries including Estonia. These problems have been linked with poor pedagogical practices, which are unable to make science and mathematics studies at school relevant and interesting, added with low level of raising students’ awareness about possible STEM careers in science classes at school. This thesis aimed to give an overview of the development of an intervention course designed to support students’ study motivation through supporting interest, relevance and enjoyment (IRE) of learning science by incorporating information about and work activities of STEM professionals into science teaching. Altogether five teaching and learning modules (TLMs) were implemented in Grades 7 until 9 in three schools (N = 104) and one class from another school was included as a control group (N = 24). During the intervention, students built a solar panel for charging their phones, visited lemonade factory, experimented with lemonades, acted as a customs officer to stop the trade of endangered species. The impact of implementing STEM career awareness promoting TLMs on students’ a) study motivation, b) career awareness and c) career aspirations was determined. It was found that the majority of students enjoyed learning with TLMs, felt interested in the process and perceived relevance on different levels (personal, family, local, global). However, the TLMs did not align with the interests and career aspirations of the majority of students. Thus, the minority felt motivated to learn module topics further. In addition, both boys and girls career awareness became better, which suggested that career decisions would be made based on knowledge not on stereotypes. Thirdly, it was found that among the experimental group students career aspirations toward STEM were more stable in comparison to the control group.
Kirjeldus
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone
Märksõnad
natural science disciplines, learning motivation, learning modules, science education, career management, occupational choice