Investigating the relationships between human microbiome, host factors and female health
Kuupäev
2022-04-07
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Viimastel aastatel on inimese mikrobioomi ja tervise vaheliste seoste uurimine olnud väga aktuaalseks teemaks teaduses. Mikrobioomi olulisus väljendub nii ainevahetusprotsesside, kui ka närvi- ja immuunsüsteemi töös ning toimimises. Mikrobioomi ennast mõjutavad mitmed erinevad faktorid, mille alla kuuluvad muuhulgas vanus, toitumine, ravimite tarbimine ja füüsiline aktiivsus. Geneetika mõju meie tervisele ning selle roll erinevate haiguste juures on uuritud pikalt kuid samas on mikrobioomi ning inimesegeneetika vaheliste seoste uurimine alles algusjärgus. Osalesime oma teadustöö raames suure ülemaailmse konsortsiumi (MiBioGen) töös, mis koondab 24 kohordi ja rohkem kui 18 000 indiviidi geeni ja mikrobioomiandmeid, et leida seoseid soolestiku mikrobioomi ning inimese geneetilise varieeruvuse vahel. Töös leiti assotsiatsioonid 31 geenilookuse ja mikrobioomi vahel ning kinnitati varasemalt mitmetes teadustöödes leitud seos laktaasi kodeeriva geeni LCT ning bakteriperekonna Bifidobacterium vahel. Meie teadustöö teine pool uuris seoseid mikrobioomi ning naiste tervise vahel. Keskendusime seoste uurimisele soolestiku mikrobioomi ning polütsüstiliste munasarjade sündroomi (PCOS) vahel, mis on üheks enimlevinumaks endokriinhaiguseks viljakas eas olevatel naistel ja millega kaasnevad sageli probleemid viljakusega. Nägime, et mikrobioomi ning PCOS’i omavaheline seos toimib tõenäoliselt läbi ainevahetusprotsesside ning eeldiabeedi diagnoosiga PCOS naiste seas on mikroobikoosluse mitmekesisus väiksem võrreldes metaboolselt tervete PCOS naistega. Viimaks uurisime, endomeetriumi mikroobikooslust viljakusprobleemidega naiste seas ning nägime, et bakteriperekond Lactobacillus omab sellele olulist mõju. See tulemus võimaldab tulevikus potentsiaalselt kasutada Lactobacillus’t kui biomarkerit viljakusprobleemide tuvastamiseks. Kokkuvõtvalt anname oma teadustööga panuse mikrobioomi kui uurimissuuna edasisse arengusse, näidates uusi seoseid mikrobioomi ning inimese tervise vahel, mis annavad aluse edasiste uurimistööde läbiviimiseks
The human microbiome is one of the most important scientific discoveries in human healthcare in recent decades. Microbiome influences our metabolism, immune system as well as nervous system. Meanwhile, microbiome itself is affected by various factors including diet, medication, and physical activity. It has become a widely known knowledge that human phenotype and different disease states are dependent on our genetics. However, association between human genetics and microbiome are less studied. An international consortium MiBioGen with data from more than 18,000 individuals was formed with the aim to study the effect of host genetics on gut microbiome composition. We identified 31 associations between genetic loci and microbiome as well as confirmed an association between a gene responsible for lactase production (LCT) and Bifidobacterium – an association seen in previous publications as well as replicated in new research studies. In addition, our work searched for links between female health and microbiome. Namely, we focused on one of the most prevalent female endocrine and metabolic disorders called polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and additionally investigated the microbial composition of the endometrium. Our work with PCOS and gut microbiome revealed that the effects of microbiome on PCOS work through metabolic processes and prediabetic women with PCOS diagnosis have lower bacterial diversity compared to their healthy counterparts. Finally, we show that the genus Lactobacillus has an enormous impact on the composition of endometrial microbiome and could potentially be used as a biomarker in clinical work to help identify possible causes behind infertility problems. In conclusion, with our work we contribute to the microbiome research field by bringing new knowledge into the interplay between microbiome and genetics as well as female health that in the future would provide an impetus for further in-depth research to fully understand the role of microbiome in human health and disease.
The human microbiome is one of the most important scientific discoveries in human healthcare in recent decades. Microbiome influences our metabolism, immune system as well as nervous system. Meanwhile, microbiome itself is affected by various factors including diet, medication, and physical activity. It has become a widely known knowledge that human phenotype and different disease states are dependent on our genetics. However, association between human genetics and microbiome are less studied. An international consortium MiBioGen with data from more than 18,000 individuals was formed with the aim to study the effect of host genetics on gut microbiome composition. We identified 31 associations between genetic loci and microbiome as well as confirmed an association between a gene responsible for lactase production (LCT) and Bifidobacterium – an association seen in previous publications as well as replicated in new research studies. In addition, our work searched for links between female health and microbiome. Namely, we focused on one of the most prevalent female endocrine and metabolic disorders called polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and additionally investigated the microbial composition of the endometrium. Our work with PCOS and gut microbiome revealed that the effects of microbiome on PCOS work through metabolic processes and prediabetic women with PCOS diagnosis have lower bacterial diversity compared to their healthy counterparts. Finally, we show that the genus Lactobacillus has an enormous impact on the composition of endometrial microbiome and could potentially be used as a biomarker in clinical work to help identify possible causes behind infertility problems. In conclusion, with our work we contribute to the microbiome research field by bringing new knowledge into the interplay between microbiome and genetics as well as female health that in the future would provide an impetus for further in-depth research to fully understand the role of microbiome in human health and disease.
Kirjeldus
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone
Märksõnad
human genetics, microflora, gut microflora, genetic variability, reproductive health, females, polycystic ovary disease