Deaths caused by alcohol, psychotropic and other substances in Estonia: evidence based on forensic autopsies
Kuupäev
2022-05-16
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Liigne alkoholi tarvitamine on üheks enneaegse suremuse põhjuseks nii nagu on välditavaks surmapõhjuseks mürgistused psühhotroopsete ainetega. Oluline on välja selgitada alkoholi roll inimese organismi kahjusta¬misel ning selle suurusjärk rahvastiku tervise mõjutamisel. Lahanguleidudel baseeruv uuring on üks viis selle teostamiseks. Sellised väärtuslikku informatsiooni andvad uuringud on keerukad ning seetõttu pole neid palju läbi viidud. Selleks, et tuua välja alkoholi roll surmade põhjustajana ning selle kajastumine rahvastiku surmade statistikas, on omakorda oluline hinnata ja vajadusel parendada surmapõhjuste kodeerimist. Antud uuring oli Eestis esimene, kus kasutati detailset kohtuarstlikku lahangut alkoholi rolli uurimiseks enneaegses suremuses.
Uurimistöö eesmärk oli anda tõenduspõhine ülevaade tööealiste meeste alkoholist põhjustatud surmadest, kasutades selleks süvitsi minevat kohtuarstlike lahangute analüüsi, uurida põhihaiguse kodeerimisega seotud probleeme hulgiorganite alkoholist põhjustatud kahjustuse korral ning kirjeldada surmaga lõppenud alkoholi, psühhotroopsete ja muude ainete mürgistusi Eesti kogurahvastikus aastatel 2000-2009 ja 2010-2019.
Uuringu tulemused näitasid, et Eestis kohtuarstlikule lahangule suunatud tööealistel meestel esinevad sageli alkoholist põhjustatud haiguslikud muutused siseorganites, mis viitab selles vanuserühmas alkoholi tervistkahjustavale tarvitami¬sele. Uuringu tulemustest nähtus, et osad alkoholi biomarkerid (PEth, EtG ja EtS) on kasutatavad surmajärgses diagnostikas ning neid võiks enam kasutada tavapraktikas ja lahanguid hõlmavates uuringutes, eriti kui puuduvad andmed lahkunu alkoholi tarvitamise harjumuste kohta. Lahanguleiuna hulgiorganite alkoholkahjustuse esinemise korral oli raske diagnoosida põhihaigust Rahvusvahelises Haiguste Klassifikatsioonis puuduvate võimaluste tõttu. Mürgistussurmade uuringu põhjal olid aastatel 2000–2009 esikohal alkoholi¬mürgistused, kuid aastatel 2010–2019 mürgistused narkootiliste ja psühhotroopsete ainetega.
Uuringust saadavad teadmised on vajalikud alkoholistrateegia ja -poliitika kujunda¬jatele ning Eesti Kohtuekspertiisi Instituudile kui kohtu¬arstlikke lahanguid teostavale asutusele.
Excessive alcohol consumption has been implicated as a major cause of premature mortality. Other preventable causes of death are poisonings with psychotropic substances. It is important to find out the role of alcohol in causing damage to human body as well as the magnitude of it affecting population health. One of the ways of doing that is to carry out an autopsy-based study. Because of the complicated nature of such study they are quite rare, but still produce valuable information. Similarly, it is important to assess and improve ways of coding causes of death to reveal the role of alcohol in causing deaths, and how this reflects in mortality statistics at population level. This study was the first in Estonia to use in-depth forensic autopsy to explore the role of alcohol in premature mortality. The aim of the study was to give an evidence-based overview of deaths among working-aged men caused by alcohol using an in-depth forensic autopsy analysis, to explore the coding problems of underlying cause of death in presence of multiple alcohol-related pathologies of internal organs, and to describe fatal poisonings by alcohol, psychotropic and other substances among general population in 2000–2009 and in 2010–2019. This study showed that alcohol-related pathologies were common among working age men subject to forensic autopsy in Estonia, indicating harmful alcohol consumption in this age group. The study showed that several of the novel alcohol biomarkers appeared to perform well in post mortem samples and could be more widely used in forensic practise. At the same time, in case of multiple alcohol-related pathologies it was not possible to allocate underlying cause of death because of rigidity of classification. Among poisoning deaths, ethanol was the most frequent substance causing death in 2000–2009, but in 2010–2010 narcotic and psychotropic substances prevailed in poisoning deaths in Estonia. The findings of the study are useful for policy makers and for Estonian Forensic Science Institute as the institution where forensic autopsies are carried out.
Excessive alcohol consumption has been implicated as a major cause of premature mortality. Other preventable causes of death are poisonings with psychotropic substances. It is important to find out the role of alcohol in causing damage to human body as well as the magnitude of it affecting population health. One of the ways of doing that is to carry out an autopsy-based study. Because of the complicated nature of such study they are quite rare, but still produce valuable information. Similarly, it is important to assess and improve ways of coding causes of death to reveal the role of alcohol in causing deaths, and how this reflects in mortality statistics at population level. This study was the first in Estonia to use in-depth forensic autopsy to explore the role of alcohol in premature mortality. The aim of the study was to give an evidence-based overview of deaths among working-aged men caused by alcohol using an in-depth forensic autopsy analysis, to explore the coding problems of underlying cause of death in presence of multiple alcohol-related pathologies of internal organs, and to describe fatal poisonings by alcohol, psychotropic and other substances among general population in 2000–2009 and in 2010–2019. This study showed that alcohol-related pathologies were common among working age men subject to forensic autopsy in Estonia, indicating harmful alcohol consumption in this age group. The study showed that several of the novel alcohol biomarkers appeared to perform well in post mortem samples and could be more widely used in forensic practise. At the same time, in case of multiple alcohol-related pathologies it was not possible to allocate underlying cause of death because of rigidity of classification. Among poisoning deaths, ethanol was the most frequent substance causing death in 2000–2009, but in 2010–2010 narcotic and psychotropic substances prevailed in poisoning deaths in Estonia. The findings of the study are useful for policy makers and for Estonian Forensic Science Institute as the institution where forensic autopsies are carried out.
Kirjeldus
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone
Märksõnad
working age, men, mortality, causes of death, alcohol abuse, psychotropic agents, poisonings, autopsy, biomarkers, evidence-based practice, Estonia