The production of Estonian palatalization by Estonian a nd Russian speakers
Kuupäev
2022-10-31
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Olen huvitatud keele väikseimatest tähenduslikest üksustest – häälikutest. Sõnad koosnevad häälikutest ja sõnadel on tähendus, mis võib kergesti muutuda, kui teha väikeseid muudatusi nende hääldusviisis. Ühte sellist muudatust nimetatakse palatalisatsiooniks ehk peenenduseks. Selle käigus muutub kaashäälikute häälduskoht sarnaseks lähedal asuva täishäälikuga. Näiteks on meil palataliseerimise tulemusel eesti keeles hulk pealtnäha sarnaseid sõnapaare nagu palk (palga) ja palk (palgi) või sulg (sulu) ning sulg (sule).
Oma doktoritöös otsisin vastust küsimustele: kas kaashääliku palataliseerimine hõlmab ainult konkreetset kaashäälikut või on see osa suuremast kõne planeerimise protsessist ja millised on peamised häälduslikud tunnused, mis eesti keele palatalisatsiooni kirjeldavad?
Uurisin ka seda, kuidas Eestis sündinud ja siin elavate vene keelt emakeelena kõnelejad tulevad eesti keele palatalisatsiooniga toime. Töö lähtub hüpoteesist, et see on neile problemaatiline ja tekitab kõneaktsenti. Keele omandamise teooriad ütlevad, et aktsent tekib, kuna me oleme oma häälduses mõjutatud oma emakeelest. Seetõttu on teist keelt õppides tihti vaja oma hääldust kohandada, et see vastaks õpitavale keelele. Analüüsin ka lühidalt hääldustreeningu potentsiaali palatalisatsiooni häälduse parendamisel.
Tulemustest selgus, et palatalisatsiooni planeeritakse juba alates sõna algusest ning keel on juba alguses palju kõrgemas asendis. Selle põhjus on seotud kõne ökonoomsuse printsiibiga. Me üritame kulutada kõnelemisel vähe energiat ning väldime järske häälduslikke hüppeid, et kõne oleks sujuvam. Tööst selgus, et kõige suuremad muutused olid näha peamiselt konsonandile eelnevas täishäälikus, mitte palataliseeritud kaashäälikus endas. Andmetest oli ka näha, et kõneleja emakeelel on tema hääldusele tugev mõju ning see põhjustab aktsenti. Vene emakeelega kõnelejad, kes palataliseerisid eesti keele kaashäälikuid, ei hääldanud neid tihti nii nagu emakeelsed kõnelejad. Vene emakeelega kõnelejate grupis oli ka palju varieerumist – osad palataliseerisid seal, kus vaja, teised mitte. Saadud doktoritöö tulemusi võib kasutada, et anda suuniseid keeleõpetajatele ja keeleõppijatele.
I am interested in phonemes – the smallest meaningful units of a language. Words are made up of phonemes, and words have meanings that can easily be changed by making small adjustments in pronunciation. Sometimes the changes in vowels or consonants occur when they are adjacent to other phonemes. For instance, a consonant can be palatalized near a high vowel. Palatalization is the reason Estonian has several orthographically similar word pairs like palk (palga) and palk (palgi) or sulg (sulu) and sulg (sule). My thesis concentrated on questions like: does the palatalization of a consonant only affects the consonant itself, or is it a part of a more extensive speech planning process? What are the main articulatory properties that describe Estonian palatalization? I also wanted to know how native Russian speakers produce Estonian palatalization. The thesis is based on the hypothesis that Estonian palatalization is difficult for the native Russian learners of Estonian and contributes to their speech accent. Language acquisition models state that speech accent is present because of the effect that our native language has on our pronunciation. When we learn another language, we have to constantly adjust our pronunciation to sound more natural. The results of the thesis showed that we unconsciously plan ahead of the movements of the tongue while speaking. We are constantly trying to be economical in the way we speak, and we try to be quicker and smoother in the way we articulate words and sentences. The results also showed that the changes that palatalization caused were mainly observable in the preceding vowel. The data also showed that the native language of the speaker affects the way we produce another language and contributes to speech accent. There was a lot of variation in the native Russian group. Some speakers did not use palatalization where necessary, and others did. The ones that did palatalize had a slightly different pronunciation than native speakers.
I am interested in phonemes – the smallest meaningful units of a language. Words are made up of phonemes, and words have meanings that can easily be changed by making small adjustments in pronunciation. Sometimes the changes in vowels or consonants occur when they are adjacent to other phonemes. For instance, a consonant can be palatalized near a high vowel. Palatalization is the reason Estonian has several orthographically similar word pairs like palk (palga) and palk (palgi) or sulg (sulu) and sulg (sule). My thesis concentrated on questions like: does the palatalization of a consonant only affects the consonant itself, or is it a part of a more extensive speech planning process? What are the main articulatory properties that describe Estonian palatalization? I also wanted to know how native Russian speakers produce Estonian palatalization. The thesis is based on the hypothesis that Estonian palatalization is difficult for the native Russian learners of Estonian and contributes to their speech accent. Language acquisition models state that speech accent is present because of the effect that our native language has on our pronunciation. When we learn another language, we have to constantly adjust our pronunciation to sound more natural. The results of the thesis showed that we unconsciously plan ahead of the movements of the tongue while speaking. We are constantly trying to be economical in the way we speak, and we try to be quicker and smoother in the way we articulate words and sentences. The results also showed that the changes that palatalization caused were mainly observable in the preceding vowel. The data also showed that the native language of the speaker affects the way we produce another language and contributes to speech accent. There was a lot of variation in the native Russian group. Some speakers did not use palatalization where necessary, and others did. The ones that did palatalize had a slightly different pronunciation than native speakers.
Kirjeldus
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone
Märksõnad
Estonian language, palatalization, pronunciation, Estonians, Russians, mother tongue, acoustic phonetics