Prevalence and risk factors of arterial hypertension and cardiovascular mortality: 13-year longitudinal study among 35- and 55-year-old adults in Estonia and Sweden
Date
2023-05-16
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Abstract
Arteriaalne hüpertensioon on laialt levinud haigus, mis tõstab oluliselt riski kardio-vaskulaarseks haigestumuseks ja suremuseks. Arteriaalse hüpertensiooni varajane avastamine ja riskitegurite vähendamine on olulise tähtsusega haiguse prognoosi parendamisel.
Doktoritöö käsitles arteriaalse hüpertensiooni levimust ja kardiovaskulaarset suremust ning nendega seotud riskitegureid Eesti ja Rootsi 35- ja 55-aastastes kohortides 13-aastases kahe lainega longituuduuringus. Riskiteguritest keskenduti psühhosotsiaalsetele teguritele, isiksuseomadustele, elustiili teguritele ja tervisenäitajatele.
Uuringu tulemusena leiti, et arteriaalse hüpertensiooni levimus oli pärast 13-aastast jälgimisperioodi Eestis oluliselt kõrgem kui Rootsis. Mõlemas vanuskohordis oli eestlastel võrreldes rootslastega oluliselt kõrgem depressiivne meeleolu ja negatiivsete stressitekitavate elusündmuste mõju, kuid madalam üldine elukvaliteet nii uuringu I kui II laines. Võrreldes 55-aastaste arteriaalse hüpertensiooniga rootslastega oli sama diagnoosiga eestlastel uuringu II laines negatiivsete stressitekitavate elusündmuste mõju oluliselt kõrgem ja meisterlikkuse tase oluliselt madalam. 13-aastase jälgimisperioodi jooksul suri üks viiendik Eesti ja Rootsi 55-aastaste meeste kohordist, valdav enamus neist olid eestlased. Ligi pooled surmapõhjustest olid tingitud kardiovaskulaarsetest haigustest. Kardiovaskulaarset suremust ennustasid eelkõige suitsetamine ja kõrgem vereplasma interleukiin-6 tase. Eesti uuringu 55-aastaste kohordis näitasid mitmed psühhosotsiaalsed ja elustiili tegurid ning tervisenäitajad sõltumatut seost arteriaalse hüpertensiooniga, kuid lõplikus regressioonmudelis ennustas hüpertensiooni riski vaid rasvumus.
Doktoritöö tulemused on rakendatavad arteriaalse hüpertensiooni haigestumuse ja kardiovaskulaarse suremuse ennetuses ja vähendamises Eestis. Sekkumised peaksid olema terviklikud, kus lisaks eluviisi teguritele tuleb varakult välja sõeluda psühhosotsiaalsed tegurid ja isiksuse omadused.
Arterial hypertension is a widespread disease that significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Early detection of arterial hypertension and a reduction of risk factors are crucial in order to improve the prognosis of the disease. The doctoral thesis investigated the prevalence of arterial hypertension and cardiovascular mortality, and their risk factors among 35- and 55-year-old cohorts in a 13-year follow-up study with two waves in Estonia and Sweden. From risk factors, the focus was on psychosocial factors, personality traits, lifestyle factors and health indicators. The results of the study showed that the prevalence of arterial hypertension was significantly higher in Estonia than in Sweden after the 13-year follow-up period. Significantly higher depressive mood and influence of negative stressful life events, but lower total quality of life prevailed in 35- and 55-year-old cohorts in Estonia and Sweden in both study waves. Compared to 55-year-old cohort with diagnosis of arterial hypertension, influence of negative stressful life events was significantly higher, but mastery significantly lower among 55-year-old adults with a diagnosis of arterial hypertension in Estonia, but not in Sweden in the II wave of the study. One fifth of Estonian and Swedish men in the 55-year-old cohort died over the 13-year follow-up period, the vast majority of them were Estonians. Nearly half of all causes of death were due to cardiovascular diseases. Smoking and higher blood plasma level of interleukin-6 were the main predictors of cardiovascular mortality. In the Estonian study, several psychosocial and lifestyle factors, and health indicators had an independent association with arterial hypertension, but in the final regression model, only obesity predicted risk for arterial hypertension in the 55-year-old cohort. The results of the doctoral thesis can be applied in prevention and reduction of arterial hypertension morbidity and cardiovascular mortality in Estonia. Interventions should be comprehensive, where in addition to lifestyle factors, psychosocial factors and personality traits are screened early.
Arterial hypertension is a widespread disease that significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Early detection of arterial hypertension and a reduction of risk factors are crucial in order to improve the prognosis of the disease. The doctoral thesis investigated the prevalence of arterial hypertension and cardiovascular mortality, and their risk factors among 35- and 55-year-old cohorts in a 13-year follow-up study with two waves in Estonia and Sweden. From risk factors, the focus was on psychosocial factors, personality traits, lifestyle factors and health indicators. The results of the study showed that the prevalence of arterial hypertension was significantly higher in Estonia than in Sweden after the 13-year follow-up period. Significantly higher depressive mood and influence of negative stressful life events, but lower total quality of life prevailed in 35- and 55-year-old cohorts in Estonia and Sweden in both study waves. Compared to 55-year-old cohort with diagnosis of arterial hypertension, influence of negative stressful life events was significantly higher, but mastery significantly lower among 55-year-old adults with a diagnosis of arterial hypertension in Estonia, but not in Sweden in the II wave of the study. One fifth of Estonian and Swedish men in the 55-year-old cohort died over the 13-year follow-up period, the vast majority of them were Estonians. Nearly half of all causes of death were due to cardiovascular diseases. Smoking and higher blood plasma level of interleukin-6 were the main predictors of cardiovascular mortality. In the Estonian study, several psychosocial and lifestyle factors, and health indicators had an independent association with arterial hypertension, but in the final regression model, only obesity predicted risk for arterial hypertension in the 55-year-old cohort. The results of the doctoral thesis can be applied in prevention and reduction of arterial hypertension morbidity and cardiovascular mortality in Estonia. Interventions should be comprehensive, where in addition to lifestyle factors, psychosocial factors and personality traits are screened early.
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Keywords
arterial hypertension, cardiovascular risk, morbidity statistics, mortality, risk factors, longitudinal researches, Estonia, Sweden