Domesticated and wild mammals as reservoirs for zoonotic helminth parasites in Estonia
| dc.contributor.advisor | Saarma, Urmas, juhendaja | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Moks, Epp, juhendaja | |
| dc.contributor.author | Tull, Ants | |
| dc.contributor.other | Tartu Ülikool. Loodus- ja täppisteaduste valdkond | et |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2022-07-07T12:46:29Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2022-07-07T12:46:29Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2022-07-07 | |
| dc.description | Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone | et |
| dc.description.abstract | Lemmikloomade ja inimese vaheline side on tänapäeval kujunenud enneolematult sotsiaalseks. Enamik suhtub koertesse-kassidesse nagu pereliikmesse, kellega jagatakse eluruumi ja toitu, paraku jagatakse ka samu patogeene, näiteks zoonootilisi siseparasiite, kes levivad ulukitelt (nt punarebane, šaakal, hunt) looduses hulkuvatele lemmikloomadele ja edasi inimesele. Käesoleva töö eesmärk oli uurida metsloomade ja kasside-koertega levivaid nugilisi maa- ja linnakeskkonnas ning nende peamisi levikuteid mõjutavaid tegureid. Hinnati, kui suur osa loomadest on nakatunud ning milliseid (zoonootilisi) siseparasiite esineb. Lisaks võrreldi linna- ja maakasside ning koerte parasitofaunat, samuti selle kattuvust koertel ja ulukkiskjalistel ning vaadeldi toitumise mõju nakkusele. Selgus, et Eestis on nakkusrisk nugilistega madalaim suurlinnades, suurem väikelinnades ning suurim nakkusrisk on maapiirkondades. Leiti, et lemmik- ja metsloomad on suurel määral nakatunud zoonootiliste helmintidega (paelussid, solkmed). Maapiirkonna koerad olid üheksa korda enam nakatunud parasiitidega kui linnakoerad, ja neil oli ka suur nugiliste kattuvus ulukkoerlastega, eriti šaakaliga. Varjupaiga kassidest olid nakatunud 50% – riskirühmas olid noored ja koduootel kassid, kes olid nakatunud ohtliku kassisolkmega. Erinevate kiskjaliste nakatumisel mängib olulist rolli söödav toit (närilised, toores ulukiliha). Kokkuvõtvalt selgus, et lemmik- ja metsloomad on zoonootiliste siseparasiitide levitajad ja nakatutakse eelkõige loodusest püütud toidust või pinnase kaudu, mis on saastunud parasiidi munadega. Kõrge nakkuse tõttu on oht, et ulukitelt levivad zoonootilised siseparasiidid koduloomadele, neilt edasi inimesele – seda ohtu on senini alahinnatud. Seega on mõistlik parasiteerituse vähendamiseks piirata hulkuvate lemmikloomade juurdepääsu looduslikele aladele, kuid nakatumise korral määrata parasiidiliik ja seejärel konkreetne ravi. | et |
| dc.description.abstract | Nowadays, the bond between humans and pets is beneficial for human`s health. Most of people consider pets as family members, living in the same space, sharing the same food and pathogens. The latter also includes zoonotic endoparasites that are distributed from wildlife animals (red fox, golden jackal) to pets and from pets (cats and dogs) to humans. The aims of the present dissertation were to study zoonotic endoparasites distributed by domesticated and wildlife animals, and to determine the main endoparasite taxa as well as their potential transmission routes. In addition, the parasite fauna of rural and urban cats and dogs was studied. Lastly, it was estimated how diet affects predator`s endoparasite fauna, whereas the endoparasite overlap between wildlife (red fox, golden jackal) and pet (dog) animals were assessed. The results of our work imply that the infection is highest in rural areas, followed by smaller towns and it is lowest in larger towns. The results reveal that pets and wildlife animals have high infection prevalence with zoonotic endoparasites (tapeworms and ascarids). Rural dogs were 9 times more infected with parasites than urban dogs, the first having high endoparasite overlap with wildlife predators. Shelter cats had overall infection prevalence of 50% and the main risk groups included young age and cats ready for adoption, the latter being especially significant, as they spread zoonotic parasites. Predators preying on specific food objects (e.g. rodents, game) increased their infection risk with endoparasites. To conclude, domesticated animals obtain parasites from environment or via predation and can spread parasites of zoonotic importance. The results emphasize the risk of pathogen transmission from wildlife to pets, and from them to humans, making wildlife parasitic diseases a One Health concern. Reducing helminth infections in companion animals and limiting their access to wild areas are the key measures to control the transmission of zoonotic helminths. | en |
| dc.description.uri | https://www.ester.ee/record=b5508716 | et |
| dc.identifier.isbn | 978-9949-03-965-4 | |
| dc.identifier.isbn | 978-9949-03-966-1 (pdf) | |
| dc.identifier.issn | 1024-6479 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10062/83135 | |
| dc.language.iso | eng | et |
| dc.relation.ispartofseries | Dissertationes biologicae Universitatis Tartuensis;400 | |
| dc.rights | openAccess | et |
| dc.rights | Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International | * |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | * |
| dc.subject | parasites | en |
| dc.subject | helminths | en |
| dc.subject | zoonoses | en |
| dc.subject | dog | en |
| dc.subject | cat | en |
| dc.subject | carnivores | en |
| dc.subject | Estonia | en |
| dc.subject.other | dissertatsioonid | et |
| dc.subject.other | ETD | et |
| dc.subject.other | dissertations | et |
| dc.subject.other | väitekirjad | et |
| dc.subject.other | parasiidid | et |
| dc.subject.other | soolenugilised | et |
| dc.subject.other | zoonoosid | et |
| dc.subject.other | koer | et |
| dc.subject.other | kass | et |
| dc.subject.other | kiskjalised | et |
| dc.subject.other | Eesti | et |
| dc.title | Domesticated and wild mammals as reservoirs for zoonotic helminth parasites in Estonia | et |
| dc.title.alternative | Kodu- ja metsloomadega levivad zoonootilised siseparasiidid Eestis | et |
| dc.type | Thesis | et |