2024-03-28T14:49:45Zhttps://dspace.ut.ee/server/oai/requestoai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/156462019-02-07T13:54:08Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Laste heaolu edendavate vabaühenduste kommunikatsioon
Tonsiver, Telvi
Kiisel, Maie, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni osakond
H Social Sciences (General)
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2007
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15646
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/238/
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/678612020-06-11T12:52:44Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Poliitilise sündmuse erinevad käsitlused väljaannetes Uued Uudised, Objektiiv ja Postimees
Saavik, Siim
Kõuts-Klemm, Ragne, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
Magistritöö „Eesti poliitiliste alternatiivmeedia kanalite Uued Uudised ja Objektiiv poliitilise
sündmuse kajastus võrdluses peavoolumeedia kanaliga Postimees” annab ülevaate sellest, kuidas
kaks poliitilise alternatiivmeedia kanalit kajastavad poliitilist sündmust võrreldes peavoolumeedia
kanaliga. Fookuses olid kaks poliitilise alternatiivmeedia kanalit Uued Uudised ja Objektiiv ning
referentskanaliks oli peavoolumeedia kanal Postimees. Kanalid valisin välja selle põhjal, et nendes
olevaid lugusid oli võimalik põhjalikult analüüsida.
Töö valimisse kuulusid igast kanalist 15 teksti ehk kokku 45 teksti, mis kuulusid arvamus- ja
uudisloo žanrisse. Kõik lood ilmusid vahemikus 29.04.2019 kuni 06.05.2019 ehk vaadeldav periood
algas valitsuse ametisse nimetamisega ning sealt edasi kuni üks nädal. Poliitilise sündmusena oli
fookuses endise väliskaubandus- ja infotehnoloogia ministri Marti Kuusiku väidetav naisepeksmine
ja sellega kaasnenud arvukad kajastused alternatiivmeedia ja peavoolumeedia kanalites.
Töö uurimisküsimusteks olid:
1. Kuidas kajastavad konkreetset poliitilist sündmust poliitilised alternatiivmeedia kanalid
võrreldes peavoolumeedias kanaliga?
-Milliste fookuste kaudu poliitilise alternatiivmeedia kanalid poliitilist sündmust kajastavad?
-Millise stiiliga poliitilise alternatiivmeedia kanalid sõnumit edastavad?
-Millistele allikatele ja autoritele lood tuginevad?
Uurimusküsimistele vastuseid leides tegin vastavaid tähelepanekuid. Kokkuvõtvalt võib öelda, et
poliitilise alternatiivmeedia kanalid kasutavad sõnumite edastamiseks negatiivse ja iroonilise
tähendusega sõnavara, mille kaudu üritatakse poliitilise teema fookust kõrvale juhtida. Samuti
tõstatatakse teemasid, mida peavoolumeedias ei esine ning lisaks sellele väljendatakse
peavoolumeedia, poliitilise opositsiooni ja presidendi suhtes tugevat kriitikat. Kui peavoolumeedias
esineb uudis- ja arvamuslugudes kindel autorlus ja allikatele viitamine, siis alternatiivmeedia
kanalites esineb selle koha peal teatavaid lünkasid.
Kuigi kaks fookuses olevat kanalit on tegutsenud praeguseks vaid viis aastat, siis on neil tuhandeid
jälgijaid. See tähendab ühtlasi seda, et nende kanalite toimimist ja nende edastatavaid sündmusi
tasub jälgida ning analüüsida. Loodetavasti annab minu magistritöö selleks oma panuse.
2020-06-11
2020-06-11
2020
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/67861
est
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/258592019-02-07T15:53:32Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Õpetajad ja eakaaslased internetikasutuse vahendajatena põhikooli õpilaste pilgu läbi
Raudsik, Iris
Kalmus, Veronika, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
Teachers and peers as mediators of internet use through the eyes of primary school children.
The aim of this thesis was to find out, how useful are recommendations and directions about the
use of the internet from teachers and peers, and if children think it is useful to get advice from
them about different problems and dangers they may encounter, or whether children prefer to
turn to teachers and peers, when they are already facing the problem.
The theoretical part of this study gives an overview of the information society and focuses on the
changes, that it has brought, how it influences children and which are society’s expectations and
fears regarding the growth of the internet use. In addition, I have brought out main online risks
and opportunities. The main emphasis is on empirical results regarding teachers’ and peers’
mediation. Mostly, these are based on EU Kids Online reports.
To gather empirical data for this study, semi-structured interviews were conducted among 11-12
and 13-14 year old children. All in all, there were eight interviews and all children participated in
the interviews in pairs.
Due to the limited sample of this study, it is not possible to make overall generalisations, but it
gives an overview of children’s internet use in one primary school and of teachers’ and peers’
influence on these children regarding the internet.
The study shows that, when children had encountered something difficult on the internet, they
turned to peers, but generally, 13-14 year olds manage to cope with their problems on their own.
Teachers have given children the advice, how to use the internet more safely. Younger children
associate it with a video about online risks. In addition to that, I found from the interviews, that
retroactive mediation takes place among 11-12 year olds and their peers, which means that
children turn to their peers, when they encounter a problem. From teachers, children expect
proactive mediation, which means that teachers should talk about possible problems and dangers
before children face them, but when a real problem occurs, children would rather not turn to their
teachers. However, 13-14 year olds turn to their teachers, when they have questions about
schoolwork regarding the internet.
As the growth of children internet use is rapid, the theme about teaching new media at schools is
becoming more topical. Due to the fact, that children face many problems daily using the
internet, teachers should more and more act as “guides” or “interpreters” (Kalmus 2012
forthcoming) and help children to discover new opportunities and cope with online risks already
in elementary school.
2012-06-15
2012-06-15
2012
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/25859
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/156272019-02-07T13:47:11Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Ajalehtede lugemine gümnaasiuminoorte hulgas
Miller, Merilin
Vihalemm, Peeter, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni osakond
H Social Sciences (General)
bakalaureusetööd
meedia
trükiajakirjandus
ajalehed
meediakasutus
auditoorium (meedia)
noored
abituurium
õpilased
The goal of given Bachelor´s thesis was to study the habits and preferences of Estonian
high-school children in following the news. The main aim of the research was to find out how
important is traditional newspaper on the era of online journalism among the youth aged 16-18
years, who may be considered to be the most willing social group to use technological innovations.
Furthermore the study determins which are the particular newspapers and subjects that are the most
interesting for young people and how do high-school students relate to pages of newspaper that are
ment especially for youth.
The empirical part of the Bachelor's thesis is based on questionings and interviews that were
conducted by the author in 3 citys of various size and population – in Tallinn, Tartu and Võru. All
together the amount of participants was 260.
The information collected with questionnaires was processed by using quantitative research
methods, which allow primarly fixate, measure and make statistical conclusions. The transcriptions
of conducted interviews were processed by using both quantitative and qualitative research methods
in order to complement the statistics with reasons, attitudes and interpretations that young people
have regarding media usage in order to follow the news.
The questionnaire, interview and used research methods proved to be efficient. All previously rased
research questions and hypotheses got answered.
From the results appeared that students aged between 16-18 years are extremely interested in
news and follow them mostly once a day or even often. Even though newspapers did not turn out to
be the most popular mediums among high-school students, remaining on third place after television and internet, it appeared that young people do prefer traditional paper editions to modern online-
newspapers.
The results revealed that contrarily to previously raised hypothesis young people take more interest
in serious subjects like domestic and foreign news than in sports and entertainment. Partly due to
that fact they do not take greater interest in pages of newspaper like HIP! in Postimees that is ment
especially for youth, but offers mostly storys about so-called stars not technics, subcultures,
education, work and leisure activities, that actually interest young people.
Different studys held in Europe have shown that the reading of newspapers has considerably
decreased over the past years, especially among young people. Present Bachelor´s thesis has
demonstrated that Estonian high-school students are not following the sorrowful trend and are very
eager to read newspapers even though internet has seized an important place in whole society.
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2007
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15627
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/219/
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/157472019-02-07T14:50:07Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Teismeliste linnatüdrukute arvamused toiduriskidest
Metsar, Madli
Kiisel, Maie, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
H Social Sciences (General)
bakalaureusetööd
noored
elulaad
teismelised
tüdrukud
toitumine
toitumistavad
toitumisharjumused
tervislik toitumine
tervislik eluviis
The aim of the Bachelor’s thesis titled “Teenage Town Girls’ Opinions about Dietary
Risks“ was to study how teenage girls interpret their everyday eating choices, effect on
heath thereof, and what shape their knowledge, beliefs and attitudes related to dietary risks
and eating.
The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on the replacement of traditional food culture for
one that is more varied, and the diversification of dietary risks – if in Soviet times, such
dietary risks as salmonellosis, excessive sugar and fat were mostly feared, then at present,
we are also affected by dangers and risks indirectly and unawares – in the form of food
additives, pesticide residues, etc. The theoretical part of the thesis the author also drew from
the theory Ulrich Beck, such as risk society and individualisation.
The study method of the thesis was a non-standardised in-depth interview combined with
intervening approach. Proceeding from the study questions, the author compiled a plan for
in-depth interview, the analysis of which was based on qualitative text analysis.
The empirical part of the thesis includes the placement of study problem and study
questions, description of target group and methodology selected as well as study results.
On the basis of the empirical data it could be said that the 10 teenage (15 years old) town
girls participating in the study do not acknowledge the diet risks, although they have been
taught healthy dieting at school. That they do not perceive the risks was mostly evident by
the fact they have indifferent attitude towards the information about additives and
preservatives written on the packaging. The girls also lacked knowledge about
preservatives, and, as to the additives, they held certain false beliefs. For example, they
think that food additives, or E numbers, are the same as Vitamin E.
The discussion and conclusions provide criticism of the method employed in the thesis and
the author’s recommendations for further research. The author recommends organising an
informative campaign, the target groups of which would be children and their parents. As
such a campaign related to dietary risks directed to these groups has not yet been organise
in Estonia, its purpose would be well justified.
The topic related to dietary risks is relevant in society since today our diet includes various
additives and preservatives, this topic concern our society as a whole, for our health and
quality of life depend on the awareness of dietary risks.
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2008
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15747
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/349/
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/568582021-09-14T11:59:25Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
I ja II kursuse tudengite meediapädevus eesti keele kursuse „Meedia ja mõjutamine" kontekstis
Ärm, Triin
Ugur, Kadri, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
Käesoleva magistritöö eesmärk oli teada saada, mida mäletavad üks kuni kaks aastat tagasi eesti keele kursuse „Meedia ja mõjutamine“ läbinud tudengid sellest kursusest gümnaasiumi riiklikus õppekavas välja toodud „Meedia ja mõjutamise“ kursuse õpitulemuste kontekstis.
Lähtudes gümnaasiumi riikliku õppekava lisas 1 välja toodud õpitulemustest, uurisin lõputöös, mida ja kuidas noored koolis ja eelkõige just „Meedia ja mõjutamise“ kursusel, meedia kohta teada said ning kas nende endi hinnangul oli koolis meedia käsitlemisest ja õppimisest kasu. Veel küsisin noortelt, mida nad peavad kursuse „Meedia ja mõjutamine“ eesmärgiks ning kuidas nad on või ei ole koolis meedia kohta saadud teadmisi ja oskusi kasutanud nii meediasisu tarbijate kui ka selle loojatena. Peale selle uurisin, milline on noorte hinnangul meedia roll ühiskonnas.
Magistritöö eesmärgi täitmiseks ja selle uurimisküsimustele vastamiseks kogusin empiirilisi andmeid veebiküsitluse ning rühma- ja paarisintervjuude abil. Intervjuude analüüsimiseks kasutasin kvalitatiivset sisuanalüüsi. Lõputöö autorina mõistan, et selle kogutud andmete hulk pole piisav laiemate üldisuste tegemiseks, mistõttu toon järgnevad kokkuvõtted välja eelkõige magistritöö valimisse kuulunud osalejate kontekstis.
Sellest uurimistööst selgus, et respondendid puutusid meediaga koolis kõige rohkem kokku eesti keele tundides, rohkem esindatud vastused olid ka ühiskonnaõpetus ja majandus, millest mõlemas tegeldi meediaga seoses allikatega. Noorte muljed koolis meedia õppimisest olid peamiselt negatiivsed, meediaga kokkupuude oli koolis oli nende hinnangul üldine ja pinnapealne. Ka eesti keele kursust „Meedia ja mõjutamine“ iseloomustati kui pinnapealset ja mitte põnevat kursust. Selle kursuse tegevuste seas toodi kõige enam esile meediasisu ja reklaamide analüüsimist ning intervjuudes toodi välja ka töövihikust ja õpikust ülesannete lahendamist. „Meedia ja mõjutamise“ kursuse tajutava eesmärgina nägid noored kõige rohkem õpilaste analüüsivõime arendamist ja meedia vastu huvi kasvatamist.
Kui intervjuudes osalenutest üle poole leidis, et sellest kursusest oli neile kasu või pigem kasu, siis veebiküsitlusest osavõtnutest tõdes vaid 8,5 protsenti, et on saanud õpitut kuskil kasutada ning ülejäänutest üle poole ei osanud anda selle osas hinnangut ja ülejäänud leidsid, et pole saanud kursusel õpitut kasutada. Need, kes leidsid vastupidist, tõid peamiselt välja, et vaatasid pärast „Meedia ja mõjutamise“ kursust meediasisu teistmoodi kui varasemalt. Enamik intervjuudest osa võtnud noortest tajusid end meediasisu loojatena, kuid ei näinud enda sõnul seost koolis saadud meediateadmiste ja oma sisuloome vahel. Noored ei osanud sageli öelda, kust nende meediateadmised pärinevad – on need nn üldlevinud teadmised, õpitud koolist, saadud vanematelt või hoopis mujalt.
Kursuse „Meedia ja mõjutamine“ õpitulemuste ja tekstitunnuste analüüsimise kõrvutamisel võib öelda, et aasta kuni kaks aastat pärast eesti keele kursust „Meedia ja mõjutamine“ ei osanud või ei teadnud rohkem kui pooled respondentidest mõne loo žanri ning noored ei tundnud ära peidetud ega sulanduvat reklaami, ega analüüsinud seda kui reklaami. Noored analüüsisid verbaalset teksti visuaalses kontekstis. Faktide ja arvamuste piir ei olnud noorte jaoks üheselt mõistetav, faktide mõistet nähti laiemana kui traditsioonilises tähenduses. Artikli hüperlinkidega allikate analüüsimisel jäi noortele esmalt silma allikate paljusus, mitte nende kvaliteet ning noori tuli suunata hüperlinkide sisuga tutvuma.
Lisaks esines intervjuudes olukordi, kus noored enda sõnul ei teadnud näiteks mõne termini tähendust, kuid pakkusid sellest hoolimata sobiva selgituse. Ideaalis pidasid noored meedia rolliks ühiskonnas peamiselt infoallikaks olemist ning reaalsuses mõjutamist. Rääkides meedia rollist ühiskonnas, tõi osa noori välja kriitilise meediatarbija olulisuse.
2017-06-20
2017-06-20
2017
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/56858
est
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/155262019-02-07T12:57:23Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
20-25-aastaste inimeste reaktsioonid Euroopa Liidu referendumieelsetele telereklaamidele 2003. aastal
Talva, Kadri
H Social Sciences (General)
bakalaureusetööd
This research gives information on how people from age 20 to 25 interpret different
commercials in television before the referendum of European Union. The key words of
this thesis are “TV commercials,” “reactions,” “subjective interpretation,” “opinion,”
“meaning,” “values” and “messages.”
Ten interviews were transcribed after watching 30 different TV commercials and
information about respondents’ direct reactions and opinions were described. As a result
of this study I found out that for this group there are common sympathetic characteristics
which do not depend on the decision of how to vote.
Even if the informational society keeps evolving, television, newspapers and friends are
still primary channels for getting information about European Union. Information in
newspapers is reliable, but it should embrace articles which agitate for discussion. When
watching TV commercials people expect information and humorous reminders, which
could tell them what, when and how should be done. Those commercials should remain
friendly and should not get too aggressive, because otherwise person’s ability to decide
would be eliminated. This is extremely important communicating social issues like
merging European Union, because it influences all people and their life standards.
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2005
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15526
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/118/
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/157812019-02-07T15:05:15Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Intraneti roll avaliku sektori organisatsioonis kodakondsus- ja migratsiooniameti näitel
Miido, Martin
Toiger, Tarmo, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
H Social Sciences (General)
bakalaureusetööd
organisatsioonid
avalik sektor
valitsusasutused
ministeeriumid
suhtekorraldus
kommunikatsioon
Internet
sisekommunikatsioon
organisatsioonikommunikatsioon
Eesti. Kodakondsus- ja Migratsiooniamet
The purpose of this bachelor’s degree thesis is to elucidate the role of the Intranet in
a public sector organization, based on the example of the Citizenship and Migration
Board (CMB).
The bachelor’s degree thesis is based on a quantitative and qualitative study aimed at
finding an answer to the central question: what is the position of the Intranet
compared to other communications channels? To this end, the author analyzed the
other channels used in the organization and looked for answers to the following
supporting questions: what communications channels are used at the CMB; what is
the quality of the communications channels; what is the percentage of each
communications channel in the organization according to use; and is there any reason
to prefer the Intranet to other communications channels, and if so why?
In the theoretical chapter of the thesis, the writer gave an overview of the theoretical
points of departure and examined the following terms: organization, intraorganizational
communication, communication methods and roles and Intranet. As
the theoretical basis for the term organization, the author examined the treatments
devoted to the terms by Virovere et al and Pace & Faules. In elucidating the term
“intra-organizational communication“, the author relied on Vadi. In describing
communication methods and roles, the author relied on McKenna and, in examining
the term “Intranet”, Telleen, McKenna, Mansel-Lewis, Edenius & Borgerson and the
Estonian daily Äripäev.
The CMB’s employees were the target group of both the quantitative and the
qualitative analysis. The quantitative study was based on the results of a
questionnaire posted to the organization’s Intranet for all to respond. The
questionnaire focused on the amount of and the purposes of Internet use in the
organization. The qualitative analysis is based on interviews, involving the CMB’s
employees on every level. The goal of the interviews was to identify the
communications channels used at the CMB as well as the opportunities and
importance of each channel in everyday work.
Based on the quantitative study, it can be concluded that a majority of CMB
employees consider the Intranet useful and use the Intranet as their primary source of
information. The primary function used in the Intranet is the search for contact
information.
On the basis of results of the qualitative study, the Intranet is an important
communications channel in everyday work at the CMB, but so are e-mail, telephone,
WebDesktop document management system, direct contact and meetings. Through
its clear and simple structure, the Intranet helps locate a majority of the information,
documents and forms pertaining to the organization. The Intranet does not play a
special role in forwarding brief information or double-checking and updating
information, but it is an important communications channel used to send large
volumes of information in static form to all organizational members.
Based on the results of the study, it can be said that the primary role of the Intranet at
CMB is to distribute to employees information about the organization, its members
and forms necessary for work. The author recommends that further research be
devoted to possibilities of making the Intranet environment a meeting place for coworkers
which is more interactive than the current one-way communications
channel.
Another research finding that bears mentioning is that the WebDesktop is too
complicated an environment and there is an over-proliferation of e-mails. Both of
these channels represent important tools for the job, as a result of which the problems
cited should not be disregarded.
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2009
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15781
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/388/
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/640232020-02-10T10:53:25Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Kuni kuue-aastase tööstaažiga erialase kõrgharidusega ajakirjanike rolli ja autonoomia tunnetus
Audo, Taavi
Ivask, Signe, juhendaja
Juurik, Marten
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
Bakalaureusetöö eesmärk oli kaardistada hetke olukord Eesti ajakirjanduses noorte ajakirjanike jaoks, lähtudes nende enda rolli ja autonoomia tajumisest. Ühtlasi uurisin ka olukorra põhjustanud tagamaid ning ülikooli õpingutest saadud teadmiste mõju nende igapäeva tööle. Andmete kogumiseks viisin läbi kaheksa semistruktureeritud intervjuu ajakirjanikega, kellel on kuni kuue aastane tööstaaž ja ta on lõpetanud või lähikuudel lõpetamas Tartu Ülikooli ajakirjanduse eriala õpinguid.
Kogutud andmeid analüüsisin kvalitatiivse tekstianalüüsiga, mille tulemused näitasid, et noored ajakirjanikud küll enda sõnul näevad end valvekoera ja neljanda võimu rolli täitmas, kuid tugevalt on sisse toodud ka meelelahutuse aspekt. Kuigi nende mõtteline roll on valvekoerast tulenev, siis reaalsus on, et nad täidavad ustava perekoera rolli. Autonoomia osas tunnevad nad end küll üldjoontes hästi, kuid ähmaseks on jäänud autonoomiasse sekkumise tajumine, kuna seda esineb pea igapäevaselt rutiinsetes ülesannetes, mistõttu ei panda seda niivõrd pahaks, vaid võetakse kui normaalsust. Lisaks nägid noored ajakirjanikud, et ülikoolist saadud ettevalmistused panid suurel määral asjakohased ootused nende jaoks paika, kuid esines ka erinevusi tulenevalt konvergeerunud toimetuses töötamisest ning meediumite erisusest.
Käesolev töö küll toob esile noorte ajakirjanike olukorra tajumise, kuid seda ei saa laiendada kogu Eesti meediamaastikule, ainult nendele, kes tulevad ülikoolist ja alustavad tööd toimetuses. Ühtlasi tõstatus küsimus, kas vähekogenud ajakirjanikud üldse soovivad olla autonoomsed või teeksid nad pigem järeleandmisi selle osas, et säilitada endale majanduslik sissetulek ning karjääriredeli kindlam olemasolu. Lisaks on võimalik edasi uurida, kas konvergeerunud toimetuses on üldse võimalik tagada ajakirjaniku kui professionaalse ameti autonoomia. Võib-olla ongi ajakirjandus tänapäeval alati kellestki osaliselt sõltuv ning see on uus normaalsus. Seega on teemasid mitmeid, mida saab selles tööst tulenevalt edasi uurida.
Tänan enda juhendajaid Signe Ivaskit (PhD) ja Marten Juurikut (MA), kes olid minu mõttekaaslased ja mõttesuunajad, et saavutada püstitatud eesmärke. Nende panus võimaldas mul teha reaalselt iseseisvalt tööd ning nende juhendamine ei olnud pelgalt minu küsimustele vastamine. Nad jagasid enda kogemusi, mille abil tundsin, et mul on olemas vajalikud vahendid bakalaureusetöö kirjutamiseks.
2019-06-06
2019-06-06
2019
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/64023
est
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ee/
openAccess
Autorile viitamine + Mitteäriline eesmärk + Tuletatud teoste keeld 3.0 Eesti
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/313052019-02-07T16:15:51Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Disaintoote turundamine Stuudio Nahk näitel
Raie, Kerttu
Keller, Margit, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
Oma bakalaureusetöös uurisin Stuudio Nahk juhtumi põhjal, milline on ühe disainettevõtte kujunemise protsess ning millised praktikate kompleksid esile tulevad. Uurimismeetoditena kasutasin tegevusuuringut ning süvaintervjuud.
Töö alguses andsin ülevaate disaini defineerimisega seotud problemaatikast ning disaini olukorrast Eestis. Lisaks käsitlesin erinevaid disaini ja selle turundamisega seotud kontseptsioone. Disaini võib näha nii protsessi kui tulemusena, kuid mõlemal juhul neil seos reaalsete igapäevaste praktikatega. Disaini puhul ei piisa ainult efektsest väljanägemisest, oluline on ka funktsionaalsus. Seetõttu pööratakse järjest rohkem tähelepanu lisaväärtuse loomisele.
Disain toimib ka iseseisvalt kommunikatsioonina, see on ühteaegu nii sõnum kui meedium. Kuid et jõuda soovitud sihtrühmani peavad ettevõtted leidma oma toodete turundamiseks kõige sobivamad kanalid. Kuna disainis on oluline kasutajakesksus, siis tuleks seda arvestada ka turunduses. Seetõttu peetakse disaini kommunikeerimiseks kõige sobivamaks niši- ja suhteturunduse ning teenusedisaini kontseptsioone. Nende abil on kõige tõenäolisem luua kliendikeskne kultuur, kus on oluline kliendile terviklahenduse pakkumine. Internet on tänapäeval üks olulisemaid kanaleid, seega on selle kasutamine möödapääsmatu. Kuigi personaalses suhtluses nähakse suurt eelist ja lisaväärtust, siis oluline on meeldivat ostu- ja suhtluskogemust klientidele pakkuda ka interneti vahendusel. Eestis on disainivaldkonnaga tihedalt seotus käsitöövaldkond, kuna paljud Eesti disainerid valmistavad oma toodangu käsitsi. Reeglina on tegu mikroettevõtetega, mille toomisvõimekus on väike. Väikeettevõtete turundamisel võib muutuda probleemiks see, et tihtipeale võrdsustatakse disainerit ja toodet ehk disaineri nimi ja kompetents on see, mida tegelikult turundatakse. See võib tekitada vastuolusid loomingu ja nö kommertsi, müügi vahel. Stuudio Nahk näide illustreerib hästi Eesti disainivaldkonna ettevõtluse alaseid suundumusi ja probleeme.
Töö empiirilises osas tuli välja, et ettevõttega seonduvaid praktikaid mõjutavad suures osas disaineri enda tõekspidamised ja hoiakud. Loomingu kõrval tähtsustatakse ka müüki ning tarbijate harimist. Raskusi põhjustavad disainiettevõttele väikesed tootmismahud, samuti on tarbijate usalduse võitmine alustavale ettevõttele keeruline. Uurimusest tuli välja ka see, et alustav väikeettevõte võib hoida madalamat profiili, sest kardab end üle eksponeerida. Samuti ollakse enda defineerimises ebakindlad. Teadlikult välditakse mõningaid termineid, kuid samas ei osata oma väärtuspakkumist ja olemust sõnastada.
Tervisealase lisaväärtusega toodete puhul on oluline spetsialistide kaasamine. Tarbijate kaasamine jääb turu-uuringute ja tagasiside tasemele. Samas võimaldab ettevõtte väiksus ja paindlikkus tarbijatele individuaalselt läheneda. Antud juhtumile on iseloomulik, et erinevad praktikad on kõik omavahel seotud ning mõjutavad üksteist. Finantsilistel kaalutlustel valmistatakse ainult näidistooted. Hiljem valmistatakse tooteid klientide tellimuste peale. Samamoodi avaldab see mõju turundusele – kasutatakse lihtsaid, kvaliteetseid ning võimalikult kulu-efektiivseid lahendusi ning palju panustatakse inimkapitalile. Omavahel on seotud ka tootmis- ja disainipraktikad ning turunduspraktikad. Väga palju kasutatakse disaini kommunikatsiooniga ja seega on olulisem turundusmaterjalide visuaalne pool kui tekstiline pool.
2013-06-21
2013-06-21
2013
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/31305
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/678492020-06-11T10:08:21Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Milliseid süüdistamise ja süüst hoidumise võtteid kasutasid Eesti poliitikud ÜRO ränderaamistikust kõneledes?
Konovalov, Johan-Kristjan
Hansson, Sten, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
Magistritöö andis ülevaate süüdistamise ja süüst hoidumise võtetest, mida Eesti poliitikud kasutasid 2018. aasta novembris ÜRO ränderaamistiku ümber peetud aruteludes. Kasutades Reisigli ja Wodaki (2017) kirjeldatud diskursusajaloolist lähenemist poliitilise keelekasutuse uurimisele ja Hanssoni (2015, 2018a) loodud raamistikku poliitiliste süümängude analüüsimiseks, uurisin 20 teksti, mille seas olid esindatud debati kesksete kõneisikute ning nii ränderaamistiku pooldajate kui vastaste seisukohad.
Oma analüüsis näitasin, kuidas debati käigus süüdistasid nii ränderaamistikuga liitumise pooldajad kui ka vastased oma oponente, konstrueerides sealjuures positiivseid nähtusi (nt Eesti suveräänsus või välispoliitiline maine) ning kujutades vastaspoolt nende nähtuste kahjustajatena.
Selgus, et vastaste süüdistamisel jäeti nad tihti nimetamata, kirjeldades ainult süüdistamisväärset tegevust ning eeldades, et konteksti tundev lugeja loob ise seose negatiivse teo ja tegija vahel.
Poliitilise rivaali negatiivsena kujutamiseks kasutati mitmel juhul „päästmise narratiivi”, kus vastast kujutati antikangelasena, ennast või oma liitlast kangelasena ning eelnevalt konstrueeritud positiivset nähtust (nt Eesti maine või valitsuse töövõime) ohvrina.
Suurima opositsioonipartei Reformierakonna poliitikud raamistasid süü vältimiseks vaidluse ümber selliselt, et tähelepanu liiguks peaminister Ratase väidetavale ebakompetentsusele peaministri rollis.
Süüdistustele ei vastatud enamjaolt sisuliselt, vaid tegeleti probleemi eitamise ja vastusüüdistuste esitamisega.
Nendest tulemustest lähtuvalt väidan, et ränderaamistiku debati näol ei olnud tegemist ühiskonna ees seisvale küsimusele lahenduse otsimisega, vaid vaidluse osalisi motiveeris lähenevate valimiste eel oma toetuse kasvatamine ning selleks poliitiliste vastasseisude loomine.
Soovitan seda magistritööd lugeda ajakirjanikel, kes vahendavad avalikkusele poliitikute sõnavõtte. Samuti võiks see huvi pakkuda poliitika-, diskursuse- kommunikatsiooni- ja keeleuurijatele, kes analüüsivad poliitilist kommunikatsiooni.
2020-06-11
2020-06-11
2020
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/67849
est
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/468802019-02-07T17:26:16Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Kaasamine Eesti muuseumides: barjäärid ja võimalused
Metsmaa, Kätlyn
Pruulmann-Vengerfeldt, Pille, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
2015-06-10
2015-06-10
2015
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/46880
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/156922019-02-07T19:46:06Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304col_10062_15408
Geneetiliselt muundatud organismidega seonduvate riskide
käsitlemine Eesti ja USA ajakirjanduses (ajalehe The Washington Post näitel) ajavahemikul 1999-2004
Lai-Neubacher, Piret
Lauristin, Marju, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni osakond
H Social Sciences (General)
magistritööd
The Washington Post (ajaleht)
transgeensed organismid
riskitegurid
riskikommunikatsioon
ajalehed
ajakirjad
ajakirjandus
trükiajakirjandus
Eesti
Ameerika Ühendriigid
sisuanalüüs
diskursusanalüüs
The purpose of this thesis has been to study how the Estonian print media covered and
reported on the subject of genetically modified organisms (GMO) from 1999-2004 as
well as to examine the construction of public images of GMO related risks. The
manner in which the GMO issue is reported in the media has a big impact on the
public’s perception and opinion on the topic. However, the debate within Estonian on
biotechnology related fields is still in its beginning stages because GMOs and the
issues surrounding them are relatively new for Estonia. However, recent
developments in the Estonian Genome Project brought the issue of biotechnology and
its broader implications into the everyday lives of Estonians and then increased public
interest and discussion on the issue. The GMO debate that has emerged in recent years
provides an ample opportunity to investigate the public representation of this area of
biotechnology. In my thesis, I study the public representation of GMOs in Estonia in
relation to another country where there has been extensive debate on the topic as well
as compare the Estonian GMO public debate with Estonian Genome Project debate.
To properly assess and analyze how the Estonian print media shapes public perception
of GMOs, I compared its coverage to the United States’ print media coverage of the
same topic. The United States print media was used as a comparison due to its
position at the forefront of biotechnology development as well as its active role in the
GMO debate. Therefore America’s exposure, participation and diverse opinions on
the topic would provide a viable comparison to the Estonian print media.
The Estonian print media included in this study were daily newspapers (Postimees
and Eesti Päevaleht) weekly newspapers (Äripaev, Eesti Ekspress, and Maaleht) and
magazines (Eesti Loodus, Loodus, Maamajandus, and Luup). As the Estonian Fund of
Nature’s monthly newspaper, Roheline Värav, is distributed within Maaleht and Eesti
Päevaleht, it was also added to the list of examined media. The above media sources
represent a broad spectrum of opinions because they write about GMOs from different
perspectives as well as for different audiences. Moreover, the chosen newspapers and
magazines have established themselves in the Estonian media as respected journalistic
publications and regarded as legitimate, credible, and sources of information by the
public at large.
For the United States, the available resources were extensive and diverse. However,
based on the above Estonian print resources, I decided to only use The Washington
Post. The newspaper is based in the country’s capital, well-known for its journalistic
reports, considered one of the most influential newspapers in the United States, and is
often cited or the basis of articles for newspapers in other countries. Furthermore,
upon my examination of American print media, The Washington Post has published a
significant amount of stories on GMOs during 1999-2004 from which to compare to
the Estonian print media and can be considered on the same qualitative level as the
Estonian publications. Therefore, the American newspaper provided the best
comparison to the chosen Estonian sources.
To analyze the collected print media articles, I used both content and critical discourse
analysis. Content analysis was applied to identify authors and opinion sources, risks
and benefits, as well other basic text characteristics like the news format and coverage
frequency. Critical discourse analysis was used to establish the strategies of framing
and the basic arguments applied by different social groups for opposing or adopting
GMOs. In addition, the construction of risks and benefits associated with GMOs were
identified. Special attention in discursive strategies was given to the use of metaphors
and other comparisons as the powerful tools of communication. One part of critical
discourse analysis used to analyze the texts was eco-critical discourse analysis, which
helps to establish if anthropocentrism is present in media texts. Theories used behind
this thesis were Ulrich Beck’s risk society theory and Jürgen Habermas’ theory of
science and technology as ideology. Finally, for background and informative
purposes, a description of laws, opinion polls, food marks was provided for both
countries.
By applying the above analysis to the collected articles, it was found that there are
differences in several aspects of media coverage in both the Estonian print media and
The Washington Post. The main differences appear in terms of article frequency as
well as the balance and bias presented in the texts. It appears that Estonian print media
rarely reported on the topic until the emergence of Estonian Genome Project debate.
The dominance of the project in the media was one of the reasons why people did not
debate GMOs. However, at the same time, the constant media attention on the project allowed the public to quickly familiarize themselves with GMO issues. Furthermore,
my analysis found that the Estonian print media presented mostly negative attitudes
about GMOs in its articles, while The Washington Post’s articles presented a more
neutral position. It also showed that Estonian news stories were more negatively
biased than in The Washington Post, which leaned toward more positive opinions. In
addition to its positive attitudes and bias, The Washington Post also provided more
balanced coverage with a larger diverse pool of sources and opinions that discussed
several aspects of GMOs.
Finally, The Washington Post has covered GMOs for more than half a decade with the
same frequency, with the notable exceptions of StarLink fiasco in 2000 and the
revelation of monarch butterflies deaths by GMO corn. In contrast, the Estonian print
media rarely reported on the topic, until 2003, when several high profile and
influential stories occurred.
In addition to the above print media comparisons, it was found that the most common
metaphors used in public discourse for both countries are Frankenstein related terms,
which include “terminator-seeds” and “mutants.” The use of terms attempting to
create parallels with the non-pureness of GMO foods or show the inferiority of mixing
GMOs with non-GMOs were common as well. Furthermore, lots of military
comparisons like “fight” or “battle” are used in media text to refer the GMO related
market conflict between Europe and USA.
The discourse analysis further revealed that main aspects of describing GMOs are not
only economic in both countries, but also political and social. Anthropocentrism was
detected in both countries’ media, but more in The Washington Post. The underlying
reasons for this are that the US is more driven to economic wealth and benefits than
Estonia and, therefore, nature is taken more as a commodity. It was also found that
there are also several cultural, traditional, and economic reasons such as past food
scares behind the adopting or rejecting of GMO products. Moreover, public discourse
reveals differences in cultural attitudes toward nature and food. For example, Estonia,
like Europe, applies a precautionary principle in adopting GMOs, while the US
applies substantial equivalence principle. The precautionary principle path is followed because of previous food scares in Europe and it means that countries do not want to
take too much health or other risks adopting new technology. In contrast, the US is
eager to adopt new technologies to acquire quick economic and political benefits,
which is evident in the case of biotechnology. It also can be said that Estonian GMO
public discourse is a part of the broader topic of Estonian position in the post-
communist era and its search of a new identity, which in this case is expressed in its
European Union membership and adoption of European values.
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2007
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15692
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/284/
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/642072020-02-11T11:34:07Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Juutuuberite vastastikmõjuline loovstruktuur
Rajavee, Allan
Himma-Kadakas, Marju, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
2019-06-11
2019-06-11
2019
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/64207
est
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ee/
openAccess
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/677122020-06-09T11:55:29Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Osaoskuste põhist produktsiooniõpet toetavate materjalide loomine ja katsetamine
Evert, Maarja
Lõhmus, Eleri, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
2020-06-09
2020-06-09
2020
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/67712
est
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/180182019-02-07T11:31:36Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Lapsevanemate strateegiad kuni 4-aastaste laste ekraanimeedia tarbimise suunamisel
Kuuskmann, Kristi
Siibak, Andra, juhendaja
Vinter, Kristi, juhendaja
“Parental mediation up to 4 year old children usage of screen media”
Aim of this bachelor thesis was to investigate how parents describe screen media usage of their 4 year old children. Empirical material for this work was gathered from ten semi-structured in-depth interviews with parents who have at least one up to 4 year old child. This work examined parents’ opinions about the effects of screen mediums to their small child and parents understandings, about the importance of their own role between screen medium and the toddler. In this work author has examined television, computer, videogames, DVDs, VHS viewing and usage by children.
Most common screen medium amongst the children of participants are TV and also DVD-s. The analysis of interviews showed that children watch TV almost daily, viewing time is from 15 minutes to 3 hours. Children mainly watch shows specially designed for children, but there are some exceptions when children watch also shows created for older viewers.
Parents have not set exact rules when and what child can watch from TV, play videogames or use computer. Restrictions, which parent use, are situation based. Many parents brought up the importance of preventing violence viewing from screen, but at the same time parents do not watch commonly screen mediums together with their children, so it is not possible for them to be sure that child does not view any inappropriate content. Quite often parents seem to be assuming the program suitability for child. This assumption seems to be based on the channel, which child is viewing.
Although all the participants have at least one computer in their home, less than half the children are using computers. What was surprising about the result is that children seem to be using computers under very little parental supervision. Parents allow their children to certain websites, where child is allowed to operate on its own.
Mostly parents do not see different screen mediums as a channel from which their child could learn. Parents look at TV and other mediums mostly as entertainment for child, something for the child to do when parents themselves for example do not have time for their children. Results also show that parents do not usually talk about what child has viewed from screen. Neither do parents check how children understand the programs watched.
Results of this study indicate that children screen medium usage is supervised in some ways by parents, but the parental mediation is not sufficient. Parents do not seem to value importance of co-viewing and positive effect of discussion over programs. Parents see screen mediums mostly as a channel of entertainment and not as a potential source which could have positive effects for child
development.
2011-07-13
2011-07-13
2011
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/18018
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/158052019-02-07T15:15:33Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Berliini ja Pekingi olümpiamängude kajastamine (Eesti) Päevalehes ja Postimehes
Talimaa, Pärt
Nuust, Vallo, juhendaja
Raudsaar, Mart, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
H Social Sciences (General)
bakalaureusetööd
The Reflection of the Berlin and the Beijing Olympic Games in the Newspapers
(Eesti) Päevaleht and Postimees
The main purpose of this bachelor`s thesis was to examine how two Estonian daily
newspapers reflected the Beijing and the Berlin Summer Olympic games. In both
years the period which was investigated was the time between the beginning of March
until the first day after the end of the Olympics in August.
In the year 1936 the period was from the 7th of March until the 17th of August and in
the year 2008 it was the time between 10th of March to 25th of August. These
beginning dates were selected because of the fact that the 7th of March of the year
1936 marks the date when German army entered the Rhine demilitarized zone and last
year it was the 10th of March when the demonstrations in Tibet began.
The method what was used in this study was quantitative data analysis because this is
the only method that affords to examine a big amount of articles. For this study 1637
articles were encoded, 873 from the year 1936 and 764 from last year. These numbers
reflect the total amount of the Beijing and the Berlin Olympic games articles which
appeared in the selected newspapers during these periods.
The articles were divided into three categories. The first one consisted of the articles
which told about the apolitical side of the Olympics and the second part was formed
by those, which reflected the political side of the Olympics. Third category was also
formed and it consisted of the articles that informed about the international crisis. But
only the first two were investigated in this part of the study which dealt the genres
because the main purpose was to examine the reflection of the Olympics and not the
crisis of Tibet and Germany.
Also eight hypothesis were put up for this study. One of them indicated to be true,
four were partially true and three of them were wrong.
It was correct that most of the articles which told about the two Olympic games were
apolitical not political. The numbers were 683 and 81 in the year 2008 and 854
apolitical and 19 political articles were published in the year where the Berlin
Olympic games took place.
The hypothesis which stated that the amount of apolitical articles will enlarge when
the Olympics are approaching was partially true because there was a small decline
after April in the year 1936. It was expected that the most popular genre is the news
but it was not so in the context of the Berlin Olympics. Partially true was also the
hypothesis which stated that the articles which informed about the situation in Tibet
and in Germany will gradually decrease after March. Unquestionably most of the
articles in this category were printed in March but last year there was a small increase
in August and in the year 1936 the same happened after May. Partially correct was
also the presumption that the biggest amount of political olympic articles were printed
in March and in August and the lowest in May and in June. Last year the peak was
actually in April and in the year 1936 in May there were more articles than in June, in
April and in July.
The hypothesis which stated that there are no big differences in numbers between the
same year newspapers in the reflection of the the Beijing and the Berlin Olympic
games appeared to be wrong. Also appeared that most of the olympic articles came
from the year 1936 not from the year 2008 as it was assumed and thirdly there was a
significant difference in the proportion of the three analysed categories between the
two analaysed years.
This study gives a very good statistics to compare it with similar materials from some
other Olympics. One possibility would be the year 1980 Summer Olympic games in
Moscow but here in Estonia it is not possible to conduct that kind of study because
our journalism was then strictly censored. But in the future I assume it would be the
year 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi that could own such a political dimension.
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2009
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15805
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/413/
Tartu Ülikool
ajakirjandus
spordiajakirjandus
olümpiamängud
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/422572019-02-07T16:43:42Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Organisatsiooniga samastumise erinevad käsitlused kirjanduses
Kert, Karmen
Taur, Tiiu, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
Selle bakalaureusetöö puhul on tegemist teoreetilistele ja empiirilistele materjalidele tugineva teemakeskse kirjutisega, mis uurib organisatsiooniga samastumist, selle kujunemist, erinevaid käsitlusi ja seost teiste organisatsiooniliste nähtustega. Ülevaate andmiseks olen kasutanud erinevate autorite artikleid nii psühholoogia ja kommunikatsiooni kui ka organisatsiooni uuringutest. Analüüsitud on sotsiaalse identiteedi teooria kui tunnetusliku perspektiivi rolli organisatsiooniga samastumise kujunemisel ja selle mõistmisel ning organisatsiooniga samastumise laiendatud mudeli ja kommunikatiivse lähenemise tähtsust samastumise käsitluses.
Algselt on organisatsiooniga samastumist kõige enam mõjutanud sotsiaalse identiteedi teooria, mille järgi inimesed klassifitseerivad ennast ja teisi erinevatesse sotsiaalsetesse kategooriatesse. Organisatsiooniga samastumise tunnetuslik käsitlus näebki organisatsiooni kui sotsiaalset kategooriat, mida indiviidid kasutavad oma mina-pildi kujundamisel. Kuna organisatsiooniga samastumise protsess on keeruline ja mitmetasandiline, siis ei piisa samastumise mõistmisel vaid sotsiaalse identiteedi teooriale tuginemisest. Seetõttu on samastumise käsitlusse lisatud ka kommunikatiivne perspektiiv, mis näitab, et samastumine ei saa toimuda ilma suhtluseta. Organisatsiooniga samastumise protsessi avardab ka organisatsioonilise identiteedi laiendatud mudel: lisaks samastumisele eksisteerivad ka sellised protsessid nagu vastandumine ning ambivalentne ja neutraalne samastumine.
Organisatsiooniga samastumise peamisteks ülevalt alla eeldusteks võib lugeda organisatsiooni unikaalsust, prestiiži, head mainet, tugevat ja atraktiivset organisatsioonilist identiteeti, usaldust, aga ka ulatuslikke, tihedaid ja tugevaid liikmetevahelisi suhteid. Alt üles samastumisprotsessiks on tarvis individuaalseid eeldusi nagu vajadust organisatsiooniga samastumise järele ning kalduvust kogeda positiivseid emotsioone ja sentimentaalsust.
Organisatsiooniga samastumine on unikaalne ja spetsiifiline konstruktsioon, millel on seos paljude oluliste organisatsiooniliste nähtustega. Näiteks on samastumisel suhe järgmiste organisatsiooni jaoks positiivsete nähtustega: töötajate loomingulisus, rahulolu, osavõtlikkus, lojaalsus, tööle pühendumus, oodatud ja lisatööülesannete täitmine, suurenenud sotsiaalne seotus, organisatsiooni kaitsmine ja tööjõuvoolavuse vähenemine. Samastumise mõistmine ja sellega arvestamine annab tähenduse ka negatiivsetele organisatsioonilistele nähtustele nagu ületöötamine, individuaalse identiteedi kadumine, organisatsiooni vigade mittenägemine, depressioon ja vastupanu muutuste vastu.
Organisatsiooniga samastumine on omaette nähtus, mistõttu selle kasutamine samas tähenduses organisatsioonilise pühendumusega ei ole täpne. Pühendumuses (täpsemalt tunnetuslikus pühendumuses) on liige ja organisatsioon kaks eraldiseisvat entiteeti, mis on seotud läbi sotsiaalse vahetusliku protsessi. Samastumine seevastu on ennast refereeriv organisatsiooniline protsess, milles liige näeb end ja organisatsiooni ühe objektina.
2014-06-26
2014-06-26
2014
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/42257
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/157702019-02-07T15:01:03Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Avalikud pöördumised Eesti meedias
2000-2008
Kund, Oliver
Kõuts-Klemm, Ragne, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
The main goal of this bachelor’s thesis “Public Letters in Estonian Media 2000-2008” is
to map the public letters published in Estonian media in the last nine years and to analyze
the connections between the sender, the content, the addressee and the society in general.
Through the research questions posed, the thesis tries to determine the role of public
letters in the contemporary Estonian society – who files the public letters, on what
grounds, how and to whom.
The first, theoretical part of the thesis examines the definition of a civil society and brings
out the means used by the members of a civil society to shape the social and political
landscape that surrounds them. In addition, the thesis takes a look at the development of
public letters in Estonia throughout the past 200 years.
Forming a structural model of the public letters that have evolved in Estonia and bringing
out their special characteristics is an important part of this research. A sample of
quantitative research was created based on the structural model. It encompassed all the
editions of the daily newspapers Postimees and Eesti Päevaleht between 2000 and 2008,
as well as the online versions of these newspapers and the results of the Google search
engine to the term “avalik pöördumine” (“public letter”). The public letters mapped in the
process of working through the different channels were coded using a standardized
content analysis. This made it possible to compare the results based on similar
parameters.
Research showed that filing public letters has become increasingly more frequent in this
millennium. In the beginning of the examined period, only 3-5 public letters appeared in
the Estonian media per year. In the last three years examined, the number of public letters
increased to about 20-30. In total, 118 public letters were mapped in the examined 9-year
period.
Most often, public letters appeared on websites, especially in the last four years.
However, local publications and nationwide newspapers are also important channels for
public letters.
The most active filers of public letters are different groups of people and occupational
associations. This indicates that public letters are often used as means of civil initiative.
The filers of public letters are mainly active in the fields of culture or politics. Defining
oneself as a person who is active in education/science or as an ordinary citizen is slightly
less frequent.
The main motive for filing a public letter is a request for changes in internal politics.
Another frequent reason is the concern about the social state of the community (salaries,
pensions, inequality in the society etc). Public letters mainly turn to the instances in
charge of ruling the country or to other addressees who have some capacity of judgement.
The general public is almost always the supplementary addressee. Turning to the public
serves the purpose of informing the society and is equally useful in winning over new
supporters.
Public letters make it possible to publicize one’s opinions on an important matter and
they often demand that these opinions be taken into account in deciding such matters. In
addition, public letters often ask the government to refrain from doing something that is
already scheduled.
This thesis is the first to examine public letters in Estonia, which is why it only managed
to determine the objects and subjects of public letters in our society. The study posed a
series of new questions which still need to be pondered over and answered. No farreaching
conclusions can be made on the actual role of public letters in today’s society
without answering these new questions. The most important of them is – what resonance
do the public letters actually cause in the society? These answers will hopefully emerge
from the following research papers written on this topic.
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2009
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15770
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/376/
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/724052021-09-09T11:08:22Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Alaealised ajakirjanduslike allikatena: Eesti meediaväljaannete praktikad
Pere, Brent
Himma-Kadakas, Marju, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
alaealised
allikad (lähtematerjal)
intervjuud
ajakirjandus
väljaanded
ajakirjanduseetika
lapsevanemad
Eesti
2021-06-14
2021-06-14
2021
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/72405
est
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/155382019-02-07T13:03:29Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Režissööride Rein Marani ja Andres Söödi ametilood
Zobel, Madli
H Social Sciences (General)
bakalaureusetööd
The bachelor’s thesis gives an overview of writing a biography, placing it into context and
interpreting it, focusing also on the problems involved and how to solve these. The
abovementioned issues are supplemented with the framework of various possibilities of
handling a biography from the viewpoint of different disciplines.
In the introduction the author discusses the necessity and usefulness of the biographical
method in understanding and recording journalism and the history of journalism. Researching
the biographies of journalists helps to understand internal developmental processes of
journalism. At the same time the implementation of the biographical method in the history of
journalism ensures individual sense of history.
The second chapter gives an overview of the biographical method: for which purposes and
how this method is used in various disciplines and what is its history of development in these
disciplines. Subchapters take a closer look at the discussions and views that have emerged in
Estonia in the context of researching biographies.
A separate subchapter gives a thorough overview of reference books published in Estonia that
can be used as bibliographical source material. Even though the overview touches on other
areas as well, it still focuses mainly on literature/journalism and also film, as the directors
who were studied for this thesis, are recognized also in the world of film.
According to the source material, the biographies and/or times of several journalists have
already been studied, but even more have not and unfortunately a great deal of material has
not been recorded at all. This aspect is discussed in the subchapter Researched and
unresearched biographies of journalists in Estonia.
When the source is not reference books or some other lifeless source, two people meet:
researcher and the one being researched. A person cannot be compared to a lifeless document
– he has his own aims, attitudes, opinions, needs etc. The researcher is also merely a human
and the use of biographical interview and the analysis of its results make the attitude towards
the subject a more personal and closer one, which may also change the results. A biographical
interview is interaction. The role of the researcher in the biographical approach and his part in
forming the sources is discussed in a separate chapter.
The second part of the thesis is about the biographies of directors Rein Maran and Andres
Sööt. Writing down a person’s biography and understanding through it the times, profession
and organisations is an extremely fascinating opportunity for academic work. When
interpreting the biographical ‘findings’ it is necessary to analyse the framework conditions. A single biography can be interpreted only within the context of society, economy, politics etc.
This is the way it is interpreted also in the present work. There is a detailed overview of
societal-political situation. Both men were born into Republic of Estonia and had made plans
that could not be realised in the changed conditions they had to live in. One had to find a
golden middle between one’s own values and the societal possibilities. “You had to be on the
lookout all the time. In retrospect you start to think… But as far as I know, no-one took it very
seriously. Everyone knew that the boss couldn’t do it any other way.” (Andres Sööt’s story in
the Appendix).
To understand the field the directors worked in, the thesis contains also an overview of the
development of documentalism and other television genres both historically and for Estonia.
Rein Maran’s biography is similar to that of his contemporaries (compare Pallas 2004,
Hinrikus 2001): war and occupation destroyed the plans and dreams of a young man. It was
hard enough to stay alive and find work; there was no point in even dreaming about realising
one’s dreams. Still, even then a lot, if not everything, depended on people’s sensibility and
relationships and cooperation between people. This is how Maran, like others, managed to get
a university degree – at the age of 40 – and worked with dedication despite the ideological
apparatus. Later, despite the once again changing times, he continued and expanded his
activities.
The story of Andres Sööt is shorter because he only agreed to talk about his professional life
in Eesti Telefilm (Estonian Telefilm), a period that lasted seven years of his life. Still, there
was gathered more material on him from various other sources in order to present his
biography as a whole. Sööt, just like Maran, continued to make telefilms even after the
company ceased to exist, and he is still doing it.
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2005
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15538
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/130/
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/153692019-02-07T13:04:32Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Toidukaupluste kodulehekülgede kasutamine ja võimalused
Maidra, Britte
Pruulmann-Vengerfeldt, Pille, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
bakalaureusetööd
infoühiskond
kaubandus
e-turundus
kauplused
toiduained
toidukaubad
veebisaidid
turunduskommunikatsioon
tarbimine
The given job on competition of degree of the bachelor considers two parties of our life - food shops and their web sites, their use and that as they are interconnected.
The fact that people rely at choice of grocery shops on other criteria of selection than it is specified on Internet sites of shops has made paradoxical this theme for me. To understand, whether home pages of food shops Selver, Rimi and Säästumarket are made taking into account expectations of the client, I have resulted criteria of the web site made duly in theoretical part of job. Then in empirical part I have compared this ideal site with homepages of shops Selver, Rimi and Säästumarket, then have made the analysis and have allocated problem places of homepages. Having changed which, it is essential to modify behaviour of clients on a web-site. Also I have spent the structured interview in which 126 respondents have given feedback through the Internet and shared on what bases they make a choice of the goods in grocery shops and how frequently and for what reasons buyers visit web sites of shops.
The subject of the given job has turned to complete picture after the interview with the Marketing Manager of Selver Moonika Mitt and the Marketing and Communications manager Rimi and Säästumarket Evelin Mägioja have been spent.
The conversation with the representative of one of the largest companies on Internet development in Estonia OKIA Kaupo Kalda has taken place for the purpose of reception of consultations. As a result, I can tell that preferences at choice of grocery shop occur according to where work or clients live. Attendance of sites of shops is still enough weak. 53 % of respondents visit page of Internet shop two or three times a year, and 32 % don't visit sites of food shops in general. The main reason of inactivity of visiting of shop homepages is absence of the reason for visiting sites.
The more convenient for Internet users is a homepage of Säästumarket which is the newest among three pages resulted for the analysis. Nevertheless by results of interrogation the homepage of Selver is the most visited homepage among the respondents. So 42,8 % or 54 of respondents have answered that they visit homepages of grocery shops from time to time. In the course of discussion it was found out that the Internet shop of foodstuff is potential possibility for Estonia. This confidence was proved by that fact that homepage of Selver is the most visited site for the reason that the client can order ready dishes. That fact in its turn shows a readiness of the client to make purchase online. Besides, I have found out that today delivery of ready dishes with home delivery is being practised in Estonia.
The given service is offered by rather a small company Neos B.R.O Group OÜ whose activity can be an example of survival and success for many large grocery shops.
The feedback received from Marketing Managers has shown that as a rule constant monitoring of visiting of homepages of shops don't occur according to behaviour of consumers. However, sites are considered as the important channels for dialogue with clients and a considerable part of the marketing budget is allocated for their management and maintenance. This indicator makes10 % in Rimi.
In my opinion there is small amount of printing editions and other materials on this question, therefore I hope that thoughts and the practical ideas collected in the given job on degree of the bachelor, will be good platform for the further development of the given subject.
2010-09-28
2010-09-28
2010
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15369
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/181672019-02-07T15:38:20Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Professionaalsete infotöötajate otsingustrateegiad internetis
Singer, Kristiina
Pruulmann-Vengerfeldt, Pille, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
In the present time of information overload, assistance of professional information specialists upon searching quality information on the Internet is needed more than ever before. Human labour cannot yet be replaced by any technology because technology is not able to understand the content, assess its quality or find links between different data sources. To that end, qualified people are needed who can manage the process of satisfying the need for information by using their information literacy.
This master thesis includes a scientific article written in cooperation with Pille Pruulmann-Vengerfeldt, head of the Institute of Journalism and Communication of the University of Tartu (UT), Georg Singer, a doctoral student and Ulrich Norbisrath, a senior researcher of the Institute of Computer Science of the University of Tartu, and Krista Lepik, a librarian of the Library of the University of Tartu and a doctoral student of the Institute of Journalism and Communication of the University of Tartu. The article were presented at the Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Libraries International Conference, QQML held in Athens in May 2011. A revised article based on the material used in the thesis will be published in the nearest future. Empirical material of the article was collected in the finals of the Estonian information search competition “Information search on the Internet” that took place in the Library of the University of Tartu in October 2010, involving ten information specialists from Estonian libraries, museums and archives. The article gives an overview of how professional information specialists search information on the Internet and what kind of search strategies they use.
The author analysed in depth the used search strategies and looked into the relationship between the strategies and the types of internet users. The author also analysed the participants´ assessments of the tasks before and after completing them and the time spent on completing the tasks. Collecting and analysing the material was based on a unique method in which the qualitative material obtained by means of log files was linked to the quantitative results.
The Internet search strategies were divided into two main groups – the known address strategies and the search engine strategies. According to the article included in this work, in most of the cases (94%) search engine strategies were used, known-address strategies were used only in a few cases (6%). Consequently, in case of complex exploratory search tasks like those included in our experiment, there is a higher need for search engines, whereas known internet addresses can be used less frequently. At the same time, the searcher´s previous personal knowledge and experience become more important.
50
It appeared that in case of complex exploratory search tasks, one needs to approach the task by making a generalisation and trying to find a common denominator or category and, thereafter, become more specific and find the answer. Usually, one has to use different strategies and try out many search words. Use of only one strategy and search of information by using only the words or data given in the task and a lack of a general structure is often the case with less successful information searches.
Based on the information collected in our experiment, it can be assumed that younger people enter more search words, use more strategies and the number of their searches is higher than that of the older people. At the same time, using a higher number of strategies and searches does not necessarily ensure better results. The number of strategies and searches used by the best competitor was one of the lowest among the participants. This proves, once more, that the most important thing about a successful information search on the Internet is information literacy as well as previous experience and wide horizon.
With regard the time spent on answering different questions, it appeared that the more complicated is the question and the more alternative answers it has, the more time it takes to search the information. While trying to analyse the reasons for the adequate evaluations of the time spent by competitors on completing the tasks, the author is of an opinion that experience in the Internet use has an important role here while compiled with a more active and versatile type of the Internet user. The more previous experience in the Internet use a person has, the more adequate he or she can assess the abilities of searching and finding information in the Internet.
The analysis of internet user types showed that the participants with the best two results are active and versatile internet users in their everyday life, i.e. they are very frequent internet users and use all available service groups (information, communication, entertainment, involvement). The two participants with the lowest scores are infrequent users and more focused on searching practical information. It is therefore to conclude that information literacy is very important in order to be successful in searching information on the Internet. The more active and wider is the use of various options available on the Internet, the more experienced a person is in the information search and the more successful (faster, more effective) is the information search and problem solving on the Internet.
The analysis of the participants´ assessments showed that easier questions did not necessarily mean that the questions were indeed easy for the participants. Even with the questions for which all
51
participants earned points, before a search, one-third of the respondents regarded finding an answer not easy, one-third easy and one-third could not tell whether it would be easy or difficult to find the answer. After the search, almost everyone thought that finding an answer was not more difficult than what they had thought before. With the complicated questions, the respondents who gave correct answers were not themselves certain that they had been correct. While with easier questions, the participants changed their opinion about the difficulty level of the question after the answer had been found, i.e. at first the question was thought to be difficult and then easy, with more complicated questions, the difficulty level was considered the same in most cases, i.e. not easy before and after the search.
In summing up the participants´ assessments, it can be said that the assessments were generally quite adequate. There were only few cases (18 to 22 cases of the total of 150) where finding an answer was considered easy and the amount of time spent on it low and many cases (41 to 48 cases, i.e. nearly one-third of the total of 150) where after the search a task was considered more complicated than expected and the amount of time spent on completing the task higher than expected.
A relationship between assessments of the tasks and internet user types became evident. It appeared that the more active and versatile was the internet user, the more inadequate assessments were given to the tasks, i.e. there were more situations where after a search a question was regarded to be more complicated and time-consuming than before it. The participants who use the Internet less or are entertainment-oriented users were not so confident about their assessment or rather regarded a question more complicated or time-consuming from the beginning. This could be explained by the fact that more active, versatile and experienced internet users usually manage to find information easily and quickly but this experiment included complicated complex tasks that often cannot be solved so quickly.
Last but not least, the author compiled a list of suggestions for improving information search on the Internet based on the results obtained from the work. Some explanatory questions are of assistance.
1. Define the problem and information need
o Which general or common denominator characterises your problem/information need the best?
o Formulate your information need as precisely and briefly as possible!
2. Determine the resources
o What are the potential sources of the information?
o What are the potential strategies for fining information (for example, search engine catalogue, search term function of a search engine, a known address etc.)?
3. Information search or eliminating unsuitable options
o Try previously determined search strategies and information sources!
o Reformulate your search terms and/or question, try to specify or generalise them, use accurate synonyms!
4. Assess the relevance and quality of the found information
o Did you find a solution to your problem?
o Was the solution satisfactory or a new search is needed?
2011-07-22
2011-07-22
2011
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/18167
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/902532023-06-07T20:35:51Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Kehakuvandit kujundavate sõnumite analüüs noorte Tiktoki infovoos
Mossin, Eneli
Poudel, Diana, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
2023-06-07
2023-06-07
2023
Thesis
https://hdl.handle.net/10062/90253
est
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/181352019-02-07T15:31:53Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Postimehe online-väljaande lugemine gümnasistide hulgas
Palta-Kivi, Kadri
Vihalemm, Peeter, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
The aim of the bachelor thesis „Reading of the Online Version of Postimees Among Upper Secondary School Students“ was to determine which articles young people open at Postimees.ee website and on what grounds their choices are based.
Responses to the research questions were obtained by combining two methods, qualitative research method (semi-structured interviews) and observations using think-aloud method. I comprised in my study nine last-year-students of media class of Lähte Gymnasium aged 17 to 20. To analyse the research results, I used qualitative content analysis and received the following answers to the research questions.
The responders almost merely opened the articles in the middle column of Postimees.ee. Next to all the opened articles the photographs were used by the editor.
The most frequent reason for opening an article was involvement in the topic. Other reasons to open the news were human interest and actuality of the topics. News about Estonia and Estonians were also important and interesting for young readers. Less interesting were news about exceptional events and previous experience as the reason of selecting the news.
The headline and photo next to the article were also important reasons to select the articles, but more in the way of being teasers, rather than the main reason. It also occurred, that in most cases respondents didn’t finish reading the article. They said they got the information they wanted from the beginning of the story or that the article was too long. The opinion that the second part of the article wasn’t that interesting, was also mentioned as a reason for not finishing reading the story.
During the study no-one opened the articles which could be classified as entertainment, though the majority of respondents said they often visit one or several web-sites, which offer that kind of material.
The future studies in the topic are important for several reasons. It is important to study the online-reading habits and the reasons why online-readers tend not to finish reading the articles. Second of all the results may prove useful materials for the practitioners, who provide online texts and news for young people.
2011-07-21
2011-07-21
2011
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/18135
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/154942019-02-07T12:28:15Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Tartu noorte infoportaali loomine
Linnamäe, Taavi
Pruulmann-Vengerfeldt, Pille, juhendaja
H Social Sciences (General)
bakalaureusetööd
infoühiskond
Internet
infoportaalid
noored
kommunikatsioon
Tartu
The topic of this Bachelorís thesis was the creation of an information portal for the youth
of Tartu. It was originally one of the proposed practical projects for the thesis, where I
added a research to provide empirical and quantitative support.
In the first part of the thesis I provided an overview of the aims, set the hypothesis and
main research questions which concern the future portal and my thesis. I brought out thoroughly the theoretical and empirical starting points of the Internet and portals,
analysing and summarising earlier researches and disquisitions.
The research outcomes show that youngsters use the Internet more and more and it is
becoming a notable part of their everyday life. From just a place to search and move
information the Internet is becoming a community and a communication environment
where they spend plenty of their time.
Preparing the thesis, I let Tartuís youth fill in questionnaires to find out their information
consumption and expectations towards the portal. I also conducted expert interviews with
a few editors and administrators of currently existing and quite successful youth portals.
Portals are used to a lesser extent to search for information, so we decided to enlace the
ìpracticalî information with entertainment, so that we could have a complete solution
where a youngster from Tartu could find the information which is both interesting and
useful for him and at the same time he could talk in chat rooms, comment in forums, etc.
As the thesis is a practical project and the portal conception, contents, etc. have been
already worked out, I also analysed the past actions. I tried to bring out the bottlenecks
and main problems we encountered during the process ñ the major being the realisation
of the portal, which depends largely on finding the donors.
Taking account of the donorís requirements left its mark on the contents of the portal,
they also determine the creation or non-creation of many surplus values.
In ideal the portal should be ready by the end of August and in September we would
begin with the active informing and advertising campaign. But again I have to emphasise
that the time factor could change, depending mostly on the funding.
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2005
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15494
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/86/
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/156872019-02-07T14:13:11Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Euroopa Liidu representatsioon kolmes Eesti ajalehes märtsis 2005 ja 2007
Veermäe, Ülle
Vihalemm, Peeter, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni osakond
H Social Sciences (General)
The first part of the paper describes some of the most important theoretical concepts of
European public sphere and Europeanization of national media. Also it gives an overview
of Estonians opinions and attitudes associated with the EU. A common thesis in research
is that a European public sphere can be constituted via the Europeanization of reporting
in the national media.
This paper aims to answer the question whether such Europeanization is taking place in
Estonian print media. On the basis of content analysis of three newspapers- the largest
quality daily, tabloid daily and the largest local newspaper- the paper investigates
whether various forms of Europeanization in Estonian print media are on the rise.
This paper uses the same methodology that was used in international research program
Adequate Information Management in Europe (AIM). Results of the content analysis are
compared to the findings of the news agenda analysis of ten European countries in March
2005.
Major conclusions about EU coverage in Estonian newspapers are as follows: EU topics
account for an extremely small proportion of the reporting and there is no active debate
or discussion of European issues in Estonian print media. But the number of articles
where EU has major prominence is rising and the EU coverage in Estonia has now more
similarities to other European countries than it did two years ago.
Although there are lack of competent journalists specialised in EU issues and limited
space for EU news, the developmental tendencies towards a Europeanization of the
Estonian print media do exists.
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2007
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15687
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/279/
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/678462020-06-11T10:00:08Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Kuidas kasutatakse ’poliitkorrektsuse’ mõistet Eesti avalikus kommunikatsioonis?
Kõiv, Henri
Hansson, Sten, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
2020-06-11
2020-06-11
2020
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/67846
est
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/158412019-02-07T12:00:51Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Eesti ajakirjanike töö iseloomu muutumine (1988 - 2009)
Tali, Piret
Lauk, Epp, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
magistritööd
Changes in the work of Estonian journalists can be defined as follows: changes in professionalism (professional training and experience, specialisation in a specific topic, professional skills); organisational changes (the division of work in the editor´s office, the relationships between the editors and the reporters, customary practices prevalent in an organisation), technological changes (technical ability, multi-skills) and the changes in freedom of professional choice (professional autonomy: the freedom to choose the topic and the point of view, the nature of control prevalent in editor’s office).
The changes are especially evident in the field of professionalism. After the reign of young and inexperienced journalists (so-called juvenile reporters) there was a certain degree of professionalisation, but the last few decades have witnessed a decrease in specialisation among the journalists. They are rather oriented towards mass audience, drawing on a certain genre (news). From a professional point of view this could be seen as a setback.
A closer look at the organisational changes seems to support the author’s hypothesis that editor’s offices in Estonia are editor-centered and use quite a considerable amount of control. The journalists’ workload tends to be high, whereas their freedom of choice is rather small. Moreover, the results confirmed the assumption that freedom of professional choice is less important for the journalists than before.
Interviews with experts also confirmed the hypothesis that transition from the controlled system to the system of free journalism had considerably stronger influence on Estonian journalists than subsequent technological revolution.
The only significant contribution of technological revolution seems to be online journalism, which has become the main tool undermining the culture of professional journalism. The new job of a web reporter has made it increasingly easy for inexperienced journalists to enter the professional field and created a new wave of juvenile journalists, which is not as numerous as in 1990s, but still there. The application of web-based approaches to newspaper-making has left its print on traditional quality requirements and customary working practices.
106
The study also confirmed the hypothesis of generation gap, which seems to be charateristic to transitional countries and divides journalists into pre-revolution and post-revolution generations. Like in other countries, it is commonly believed that the older generation follows the professional and societal values more closely, the younger generation, on the other hand, is less inclined to let the professional values interfere with their careers (Metyakova, Cisarova, 2009).
Experts believe that professional culture has experienced some setbacks and a number of strong personalities have moved away from journalism. The experts describe present-day journalism and present-day journalists as “mediocre”, “loyal to their bosses”, “irresponsible”, “not interested in their main characters” and “a lot of nobodies”.
Experts agree that American practices and hierarchical and controlled culture prevalent in editor’s office are editor-centered. Experts also believe that editors are in many cases technical workers who have no professional skills and whose actions are based on business logic. Some experts think that the professional quality of Estonian editors is below standard.
The study also supported the assumption that format and layout have considerable influence on journalists’ thinking.
As regards changes like continuous reorganisation of editorial work, the effect of economic thinking on journalism, frequent changes in design, format-centeredness, template as an agent changing journalistic thinking, the domination of routine practices over creative work (Kunelius, Ruusunoksa, 2008), dependence on format and its influence on the quality of journalism seemed to have the greatest effect. The influence of economic thinking on editor’s work is less evident for journalists, but it is still possible to experience it at the level of self-censure.
In conclusion we can say that the character of Estonian journalism has undergone considerable changes, which have brought about generational differences, made the representatives of pre-revolution generation move away from journalism and created a new wave of young and inexperienced web reporters, which has resulted in deprofessionalisation. The relationships in editor’s office have become more hierarchical and more individualistic, whereas journalists have become less creative.
It should be noted that transition to free journalism is not yet finished for Estonian journalists and 107
Estonian journalism, since a number of qualitative and professional values have not yet been achieved, or their development has stopped due to the economic downturn. The process of turning journalism into commercial production, or to the so-called box factories needs to be slowed down. It is high time to understand that instead of bits of information we need competent analysis and added value to the info.
2010-10-26
2010-10-26
2010
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15841
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/155112019-02-07T12:39:39Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Eneseväljendus, identiteet ja grupitunne küberruumis
Reiljan, Piret
H Social Sciences (General)
bakalaureusetööd
Many people use personal computers and Internet to solve their problems at work and in
everyday life. People live in two different realities at the same time: the virtual and the real
one. Internet is a new communication channel which can bring people both joy and
problems. The key words for expressing dangers of Internet-related communication are
invisibility, anonymity and experiment.
This work is important because it is the first Internet-thematic research in Estonia based on
qualitative interviews. The purpose of this work is to research the attitudes, experiences,
fears, and expectations of different users in conjunction with virtual communication.
This survey was conducted by a 4-membered research-group in composition of Marko
Paloveer, Piret Reiljan, Kristiina Tagel and Urmas Rosenberg. The survey is based on
another research called „Mina. Maailm. Meedia“ which took place in 2002.
The respondents of this study belonged to six different user-types (versatile, interactive
user; multiple interaction user; communicator; private-life-centred user; participator; small-
scale user) and their age ranged from 19 to 60 years.
The main results according to the interviews of the present survey are:
• Only few people prefer Internet-related communication to other possibilities, most
respondents like communicating directly or by telephone;
• Almost all the respondents think that direct communication is different from
communicating via virtual world;
• 2/3 of the respondents do not see any differences between their own real-life and
virtual communicating;
• Most of the respondents don’t trust Internet-related communication;
• At the same time most of the respondents believe that nobody has fooled them on
the Internet and they also claim that they have not told any lies on the Internet;
• Public comments on the Internet are mostly negative and the anonymity of most
authors reduces the reliability of virtual opinions;
• None of the respondents has ever been affected by the public opinions posted on
the Internet;
• The meeting- and dating-portals are very popular because there it is possible for all
users to satisfy their needs for attention and communication (with strangers);
• None of the respondents has ever felt any group feeling on the Internet.
These results are not meant to be applied to all Estonian Internet users, they rather
investigate different types of users and help us understand what people might think and
feel while communicating in virtual room.
When dealing with Internet topics it is important to consider the age-factor. It is logical
that younger people are more comfortable with the virtual environment.
Hence, one alternative possibility to expand this research is to make similar interviews
with only high school students for example. This would give an interesting possibility to
compare the attitudes towards Internet-related communication between different age-
groups.
Internet-related communication is a very interesting research object and because it has only
been studied for a short time, there are many standpoints to deal with this topic. Hopefully
this work is only an introduction to qualitative Internet-research among Estonian users.
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2005
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15511
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/103/
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/279562019-02-07T16:12:04Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Ajalehetoimetuste riskikäsitlused ja strateegiad
Tammet, Mattias
Kiisel, Maie, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
This bachelor’s thesis is titled „The planning and managing of public risks by newsrooms". The aim of this research is to find the main problems facing journalists and newsrooms when dealing with complex issues regarding risks. The study focuses on interviews with editors of major daily newspapers in Estonia.
The interviews showed that while general practices among the editorial boards of newspapers are similar when covering risk issues, they occasionally differ considerably regarding important details and judgements.
The greatest differences between newsrooms were found regarding the choice of sources. Päevaleht defined their sources with the strictest terms, Õhtuleht was the most lenient and Postimees was somewhere in between the two.
The most apparenty possible problem with the public discussion of risks by newspapers seems to be a too high dependence on previous experiences. Obviously one must use one’s previous experiences when doing the same job, but at present the newsrooms seem to be almost totally dependent on sources they already know, which are used to either gather information directly or to help direct the newsrooms to new sources.
2012-11-08
2012-11-08
2012
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/27956
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/157202019-02-07T14:32:48Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
eKooli kasutuspraktikad: koolijuhtide, õpetajate, õpilaste ja lapsevanemate vaatenurk
Puskar, Brit
Pruulmann-Vengerfeldt, Pille, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
The aim of the present BA thesis „eKool Using Practice – Headmasters’, Teachers’,
Students’ and Parents’ point of view.“ The present Thesis is a pilot-research based on
in-depth interviews and gives the main overview of main tendencies, evaluations and
attitudes.
In the theory chapter author introduces the theoretical grounds and keywords, such as
organizational communication, parental involvement, and e-diary (E-Homebook
System). Forming the theoretical basis author used theories of organizational
communication Past and Pace & Wayne & Faules. Defining the parental involvement,
theories of Epstein, Cotton, Chen & Yu & Chang. Explaining e-homebook theories
Chen & Yu & Chang.
The empirical chapter of the Thesis was to find answers to following questions:
1. What is eKool and why it is important?
2. How different user groups understand the usefulness of eKool – vision of
student-teacher-parental communication.
3. What kind of attitudes and assessments do users have?
4. How is eKool and E-Homebook System related?
To get the qualitative research was carried out using the method in-depth interviews.
The respondent selection was based on the people who were using eKool in
2007/2008 school year.
Answering the research questions in this pilot-research can author say, that different
user practices using eKool are mostly positive and the system is used willingly.
Interestingly all these user groups had very similar opinions about eKool’s negative
aspects. Users understanding about home-school communication is quite similar and
actually all participants can see in eKool opportunity to improve communication
between teachers’, parents’ and students’.
Concluding the summary, there is need to research based on bigger selection of
respondents to get more precise picture of eKool’s using practices, attitudes and
assessments.
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2008
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15720
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/312/
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/156432019-02-07T13:53:02Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Eesti Päevalehe uudiste kvaliteet: Rubriik “Eesti uudised”, 2006. aasta aprilli esimene pool
Sander, Maris
Lauk, Epp, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni osakond
H Social Sciences (General)
The aim of this Bachelor`s thesis “The Quality of News in Eesti Päevaleht: section
“Eesti uudised”, the First Two Weeks of April, 2006” was to find out how the news in
one of the leading newspapers in Estonia correspond to the theory and standards of
hard news.
Under the “quality of hard news” it was considered whether the texts are in
accordance with the classical requirements of hard news writing: news-worthiness,
correct use of sources, objectivity and answering the news-questions.
Taking these requirements into consideration the author tried to find answers to the
following research questions: how news-worthy are these news, how correct is the use
of the cources, how objective are the news and how many hard news are there in this
section.
The hypothesis were: there are more hard news then soft news; most of the news have
at least four criterias of news-worthiness, the news answer to the news-questions,
news sources are balanced, sources are varied and the news are neutral.
The method of research was content analysis combined with qualitative text analysis.
I also interviewed qualitatively the authors of these news teksts. The sample consisted
of newspapers of 11 days (3th to 15th of April), I analysed 81 news from that period
and these news were written by 16 journalists.
The results showed, that most news I analysed, met the requirements of hard news
standards.
It appeared, that all the news are influential and close. But there appeared to be
problems with news, that were quite old for a daily. Also, quite many journalists
showed their opinion in the news.
Journalists of Eesti Päevaleht prefere to use specialists as news sources the most, also
they value common people`s voice in the news. It appeared that there are quite many
public relations workers as sources and I found six anonymous sources.
As to balancing the news with sources, it turned out that some parts of the event did
not have a chance to say their opinion.
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2007
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15643
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/235/
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/155012019-02-07T12:31:22Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Üritusturundus: teoreetilisi käsitlusi ja Eesti kogemusi
Põldaru, Kadri
H Social Sciences (General)
bakalaureusetööd
The following work is based on the opinion that events are means of communication
of an organization. Events in the marketing mix of an organization are treated as an
integrated part of the marketing communication. In addition to the organized events
an extra category of events sponsored by organizations has been pointed out.
A consumer behavior approach and a communication theoretical approach are pointed
out as theoretical bases. On the assumption of these it is possible to affirm that the
main advantages of events are personal contacts with a target group and enhancing
relations with customers through pleasant and memorable emotions. In addition
events give the opportunity to put into practice two-way communication and to get
useful feedback about more effective operating for the organization. Unfortunately
many organizations do not exploit the possibilities of event marketing completely.
In my work I studied how Estonian patricians understand event marketing from the
point of view of both customers and managers. According to the interviews it is
possible to affirm that the market of the event marketing of Estonia is in the stage of
stabilization. There are agencies which offer professional service besides self-
employed persons and green men. In general it is possible to affirm that the agencies
offering the service are changing more professional and with their arising experience
the knowledge and exactingness of the customer is growing. A customer is expecting
the maximum result for his money. In order to guarantee customers` security and to
establish quality standards Estonians Event Marketing Union was founded in the
beginning of this year. The long term cooperation between the customer and the
offerer that is more effective and helps the both sides to develop the field.
Nevertheless there is a terminological disarrangement around the event marketing.
Different concepts are often used as synonyms and there is a lack of widely
recognized definitions. Each practician organizes the events of the suitable size for his
organization and target group. As one of the purposes of this work has been to create
systematical review about the event marketing and to give an initial burst to develop
the terminology there is definition about event marketing offered by the author of this work: „ Event marketing is the transmitting of the marketing messages based on the
values of the organization to the outer and inner target groups by organizing events to
enhance emotional contact with the organization or to create two-way
communication“.
I also concentrated on how well purposed and in which cases the events are used in
Estonia and how correctly the results of the events are measured. According to the
interviews it is possible to affirm that the practicians are in different opinions about
the purposing of the events. Some think that only only 1/3 of the events in Estonia is
capable to purpose them. The others affirm that the customers have become more
aware being able to purpose important standpoints from the point of view of the
organization and expecting to get maximum results for their money from the agencies.
The author of this work tends to support this opinion but it is important to point out
that the Estonian organizations lack the sub-purposes which makes it more
complicated to evaluate the results.
To be more effective different events are tried to integrate to the marketing and
communication strategy of the organization. This way the specific event supports the
messages sent to the target group and the final result is more positive for the
organization. It happens only in condition that the organization owns before
mentioned strategies.
The accordance between the purpose, the target group and the format of the event is
very important. There are well-known and really new formats in use. The event
marketing in Estonia is mostly used to keep and improve the relationship with the
present customer because there are cheaper possibilities to get new customers. This
opinion has been supported by the theoretical part of the work.
It is sure not rational to approach the event marketing without any sense of criticism.
In addition to the positive aspects there are some negative sides. It can be pointed out
that it is very complicated to evaluate the events and some are unsuitable for the
purposes of some organizations. Besides the organization should first analyze if
personal contact with the target group is needed. The fact should be considered that as a part of an integrated marketing communication there will appear a certain limit of
organizing events.
Some theoretics affirm about the complication of the evaluation that it is complicated
only in case if the purposes are not realistic or precise. According to the interviews I
can say that from the point of view of the evaluation the offerers payed more attention
to the feedback from the customer leaving aside the evaluation of the real purposes.
The customers usually use a combined evaluation about the results of the event, in
that case measured indicators are considered, for example selling results and the
numbers of appearing in media and also emotional feedback. Some agencies are using
official surveys. This way the agency gets a more exact evaluation about the different
aspects of its work. The customer also thinks more deeply about how the different
parts of the event were organized and what could be done better next time. As a
conclusion form the preceding it can be affirmed that the practicians of Estonia do not
use enough different evaluation methods of the event market and so very often the
effectiveness of the event marketing is under question.
Despite of all the professional use of the event marketing and this way the evaluation
and the analyze of it proves to be an effective marketing activity. The event gives the
organization the possibility to approach the target group in a different way and gives
good results separately or integrated to the other parts and elements of the marketing
plans.
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2005
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15501
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/93/
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/157222019-02-07T14:33:33Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Loodusainete õpetajate suhtlustavad Eesti koolis
Reiska, Keit
Ugur, Kadri, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
H Social Sciences (General)
bakalaureusetööd
The main aim of this bachelor's thesis was to find out the communication habits of the science
teachers` in Estonian school. There are many reasons why it is important to examine that. At first
there have been very few studies about the communication between Estonian teachers. Also the
theme is topical at the moment, as it appeared in the recent PISA study that Estonian students`
knowledge about the science subjects is on much higher level than previously expected. At the
same time TIMSS 2003 showed that Estonian science teachers are one of the most unsatisfied
ones in the world. Also students` attitude towards science subjects is not good. The question
arises if better communication between teachers could make them more satisfied and hence
advantage in Estonian students` better attitude towards science subjects.
In the course of the bachelor's thesis the author planned to find out if and about which topics
Estonian science teachers are communicating. The communication is connected to school culture
and organizational communication, which are both in turn connected to the teachers’ satisfaction.
It is also important to study this topic because science subjects – physics, chemistry, biology –
are all integrated to one another. For that reason the subjects are taught as one subject – Science
– in many countries in the world. That helps to synchronize the concepts, definitions, methods
and approaches, which are used to teach a certain theme in the better way. Teaching science
subjects according to the discipline focused approach might lead to the result where a student
does not have a connected understanding about the natural processes. In the worst scenario they
don’t even understand the content of their studies; they just learn the one-sided definitions
presented by the teacher by heart. As there is no constructive learning, the student forgets what
he has learned after the test. That means that generally he will not use the knowledge that he has
acquired in school in his every day life. That is not in accordance with National Curriculum for
Primary School and Gymnasium. According to it one of the aims of the school`s activities is to
accomplish that the high school graduate is an individual, who thinks systematically and sees
connections.
It is clear that in achieving these goals also the teacher’s communication plays an important role.
Hence the present bachelor's thesis focused on if and how much the teachers are communicating
in the topics, which are connected to their subject field and how much they communicate in other
topics. The communication networks were also examined.
The author examined school as an organization, which members` better communication may
bring benefit to all organization participants. The author used her theoretical knowledge as well
as knowledge about social science study methods, which she has acquired during her studies.
Mainly the author focused on describing and analyzing the communication habits. In this study
the author was not going profoundly into the aspects of educational sciences, because these
outputs are not included in the aims of this bachelor’s thesis.
The used method was a survey (questionnaire). It enables to use a wider sampling than for
example interviews. For some questions about the present situations teachers were asked to
describe also the ideal version of the situation. That helped to prevent the situation where
teachers are answering as they think they are expected to.
The established aims of the bachelor’s thesis have been accomplished. After analyzing the results
it can be said that teachers do communicate with each other by discussing the subjects from their
subject field but the communication is not regular and systematic. It is rather occasional. There is
still room for growth and development in teachers` planned and organized collaboration and this
is the issue schools` directorate should take into consideration. These results are in accord with
some results from previous studies (e.g. Salumaa 2007).
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2008
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15722
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/314/
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/566932019-02-07T18:17:35Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Youtuber’ite jälgimise põhjused ja harjumused 15-17 aasta vanuste tüdrukute hulgas
Perm, Kaari
Siibak, Andra, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
Lisa 4 (intervjuude transkriptsioonid) on ainult paberkandjal töö juures, lisatuna CD-l.
2017-06-14
2017-06-14
2017
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/56693
est
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/902512023-06-26T10:12:51Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Veebilehe sisu optimeerimine nähtavuse tõstmiseks otsingumootoris: vajadus ja võimalikkus avalik-õiguslikus organisatsioonis ühiskonnateaduste instituudi kodulehe näitel
Loitme, Li
Poudel, Diana, juhendaja
Klesman, Elina, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
2023-06-07
2023-06-07
2023
Thesis
https://hdl.handle.net/10062/90251
est
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/153112019-02-07T13:34:48Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Kommunikatsioonijuhtimise programmi õpiväljundid: vilistlaste kogemus ja arvamused
Kask, Keiti
Vihalemm, Triin, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
bakalaureusetööd
kommunikatsioonijuhtimine
organisatsioonikommunikatsioon
kõrgharidus
kraadiõpe
magistriõpe
õppekavad
Tartu Ülikool
The learning outcomes of Communication Management: alumni’s experience and
opinions
The Institute of Journalism and Communication of the University of Tartu is developing
the Master’s program in Communication Management consistently. For this purpose a
series of three Bachelor’s thesis was created, in order to receive input information. The
aim of given thesis is to analyse how are professional skills, which are the basis of
learning outcomes of Communication Management curriculum, interpreted by alumni.
15 in-depth interviews with the alumni of Communication Management were carried out
for the series. The survey plan included different subjects: work-related identification,
reflection of different skills and knowledge, work-related challenges and role conflicts,
professional identification, relations with media, estimations to the Master’s program.
This thesis focuses on reflecting the competence.
Given study found answers to following research questions:
• How are different learning outcomes interpreted by alumni?
• How variable is the interpretation of different learning outcomes?
• Which connections are created between different skills?
• To what extent are the learning outcomes put into practice?
• Which is the alumni’s estimation to their own skills?
• Which is the alumni’s estimation to the sources of acquiring the skills?
• Which are the estimations and recommendations to the Communication
Management program?
Results of this thesis prove that it is possible to interpret professional skills in many
different ways, although homogeneous approaches appeared as well. Alumni create
connections between learning outcomes, which should be considered while improving the
curriculum. Predominantly work-related experience is considered as the source of
acquiring the skills. Theoretical skills are mostly acquired through graduate studies. Since
the skills in the form of learning outcomes are practiced in everyday work-related
situations, it can be concluded that the competence derived from Communication
Management is practically applicable. Although practical courses are praised, it is
recommended to improve the Master’s program even more by involving different
employers and institutions.
Given study can be further developed in order to make Communication Management
program even more efficient by studying both the objectives of the Institute of Journalism
and Communication as well as other communication-related curricula.
2010-09-16
2010-09-16
2010
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15311
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/257852019-02-07T15:41:42Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Rahvusvähemuste kaasamine Eesti erakondade poolt
Mahlakõiv, Triin
Lauristin, Marju, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
“Minority engagement by the political parties in Estonia”
The Government of the Republic of Estonia has incorporated a number of references in
year 2011 to its regulation regarding the responsibility to engage stakeholder parties in
the state policy making processes as well as to gauge the implications of such
engagement.
Furthermore, on the same year the Government approved “Good Engagement
Practices”, a document articulating straightforward guidelines for planning and
executing engagement of stakeholder parties aiming to improve the overall quality of
engagement practices by state agencies.
Demonstrating a proactive approach to identifying best practices of engagement the
Government has transmitted a clear signal to the public that it is its firm intent to
increase transparency in policy making and to launch a widespread dialogue with a
range of stakeholder parties of the public.
Interestingly, with the advent of Government-sponsored engagement propagation the
most potent topic, engagement of minorities, has found next-to-none coverage by the
politicians in the public media, especially in the wake of the “Bronze night” unrest in
April 2007. What are the underlying reasons for such a development, a lack of initiative,
engagement and dialogue? Is the referred silence in aether alluding that the principal
difficulties related to the integration policy of the minorities have been successfully
resolved?
Inspired by the rising importance of stakeholder engagement in Estonian society as well
as the state objective to engage minority groups in the framework of integration policy
the current master's thesis primarily concerns with studying minority engagement
policies and practices in Estonia.
In the framework of political communication studies the particular objective of the
current master's thesis is to research the attitudes, goals and perceptions of Estonian
political parties regarding minority engagement. Concordantly, the attitudes and
perceptions of the minority groups are explored, too. The findings are juxtaposed in
order to investigate potential shifts (misunderstandings) in perceiving the
communication between political parties and minority groups in the framework of
minority engagement and integration policies.
Furthermore, the master's thesis aims to gauge how the political parties assess the postoccupation
era integration policy in Estonia. Finally, the master's thesis examines
engagement practices of state agenencies and representative attitudes of key officials
towards the integration policy.
The particular research questions of the master's thesis are as follows:
a) How can be best described the attitude and approach to minority engagement by the
political parties in Estonia? How do political parties execute their respective policies
and engage minority groups? (Do the political parties view and target minorities as a
distinct segment? Why do the political parties engage minority groups? How do the
attitude and approach to minority engagement differ by the political parties in Estonia?
Do the political parties appreciate the importance and implications of the state
integration policy? Why? How do the political parties assess the state integration policy
executed since re-establishment of the country's independence? What are the best
practices for minority engagement? How do the political parties view a minority group's
chances to directly influence the development of state policy?)
b) Does the nation state discourse clash with that of citizen state? (How do the politicial
parties understand and characterize a nation state concept in Estonia? How do the
political parties assess and characterize a minority representative's chances to participate
in state building in the framework of citizen engagement? What is the viewpoint of the
politicial parties on multicultural state concept?)
c) What constitutes the body of principles and accepted practices for state agencies in
communication with minority groups? (Do the state agencies view and target minorities
as a distinct segment? Are the state agencies' engagement practices rather influenced by
the ideology of the leading minster's political party or by the best practices proposed by
experts? What are the best practices of (minority) engagement?)
The introductory theoretical section of the work provides an overview of the discussions
by Brubaker, Smith and Gellner on nationalism as well as highlights the theories on
state building by Lintz and Stepan. Furthermore, the introduction provides the reader
with principles of engagement, specifically in the framework developed by Arnstein.
Additionally, the principal politicial ideologies of Estonian political parties are
introduced so as to provide backdrop for assessing the parties' approaches to minority
engagement. Finally, the empirical groundwork from secondary survey sources is
presented highlighting the key variables affecting minority participation in state
building: language proficiency, attitudes towards the state and political preferences.
The third section of the work provides primary material for discussion. Semi-structured
interviews with key representatives of political parties and state agencies deliver unique
raw material. Application of grounded theory and rigorous text analysis enable to cast
light behind the scenes and understand the political undercurrents shaping Estonia's
minority-oriented policy, but also to map out the best practices of engagement tried and
tested by state agencies.
The fifth section of the work presents the key findings, synthesis and aswers to research
questions. In overall, the interviewed key representatives of political parties and state
agencies did not consider nor perceive Estonia as a single nation state. The ethnic
Estonian majority co-existing with alien minority groups is not in conflict with the
Estonian nation state concept according to the interviewed politicians. On the other
hand, Estonian society has yet to progress from ethnic nation state concept to political
citizen state concept.
The interviewed individuals identified the importance of citizen state society as a
development milestone. However, according to them, a very young and inexperienced
citizen society as well as the generally passive leitmotif in Estonia is to be blamed for
slow pace in the development towards citizen state.
Interestingly, the interviewed politicians and officials did not manage to properly
conceptualize the impact of citizen-oriented approach for the benefit of the society's
development. Should it be characterized by a strong grass roots movement able to
assume political responsibility or a select number of representative political parties
geared to promote a narrow agenda of sponsored interests?
The interviews demonstrated a consensus on valuing and nurturing cultural differences
and native language practices in the framework of cultural engagement. All interviewed
politicians aknowledged the importance of the integration policy, mainly due the fact
that the benefit dedicating attention and resources to the topic is far greater than
ignoring the topic completely. Such a viewpoint renders the minority groups to be
viewd as a resource for the benefit of the state and society.
Minority groups are actively engaged by the current oposition parties based on
universalist value-driven political ideology, whereas the current government parties
execute a significantly more passive engagement policy based on, also universalist, but
pragmatic realpolitik idealogy.
In the Arnstein framework of engagement Estonian political parties and state agencies
value open information communication practices. However, not all minority
stakeholders are reached in the second tier consultancy phase, because the political
parties rather interact with cultural associations of the minority groups. Due to low level
of proactive grass roots engagement in Estonian society, the political parties are
deprived of a social partner to engage and consult with.
The interviewed representatives of the state agencies aknowledge great responsibility to
nurture a positive environment to promote social engagement and its best practices.
However, currently the Arnstein consulting and engagement practices are in their
infancy and thus not executed properly.
2012-06-12
2012-06-12
2012
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/25785
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/423462019-02-07T16:54:59Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Teadlaste ja ajakirjanike vahel tekkinud kommunikatsiooniprobleemid teaduse kajastamisel
Nõu, Ursula
Himma-Kadakas, Marju, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
Käesoleva bakalaureusetöö eesmärgiks oli kaardistada teadlaste ja ajakirjanike vahel
tekkinud kommunikatsiooniprobleemid teadusteemade kajastamisel ning anda
ülevaade võimalikest lahendusvariantidest, mida kumbki osapool näeb
teaduskommunikatsiooni protsessis tekkivate tõlgendusprobleemide ära hoidmiseks.
Töö empiiriline materjali kogusin semistruktureeritud intervjuudega. Intervjueerisin
nelja teadlast ja nelja ajakirjanikku. Ajakirjanike valikul lähtusin faktist, kes
peavoolumeedias kõige rohkem teadust populariseerinud on, jõudes niimoodi kõige
suurema arvu tavalugejateni. Teadlaste valiku faktoriks sai piisav publikatsioonide arv
massimeedias. Tehtud intervjuude tõlgendamiseks analüüsisin neid kvalitatiivse
sisuanalüüsi abil.
Töö teoreetiline alus tugineb teadusfilosoofia käsitlusel, uudiskriteeriumite ja –
faktorite käsitlusel ning neile kahele rajaneva ekspertdiskursuse tõlkimise käsitlusel.
Täpsemalt teadusdiskursusest ajakirjanduslikku diskursusesse tõlkimisel. Veel leiab
teoreetilisest peatükist rollijaotuste käsitluse, mis kirjeldab stereotüüpsusest, rollide
paljususest, vastastikusest usaldamatusest ja vastastikuste rollide mitte mõistmisest
tulenevaid probleeme.
Empiirilise materjali analüüsist selgus, et teadlaste ja ajakirjanike vahel tekkinud
kommunikatsiooniprobleemid teadusteemade kajastamisel on võrdlemisi kompleksed
ning tingitud väga erinevatest faktoritest. Lisaks ühest diskursusest teise tõlkimise
problemaatikale, olid suurteks murekohtadeks veel rollijaotused, kinnistund
stereotüübid, teadmatus üksteise keelest ja töövõtetest, erinev töötempo ja usalduse
puudumine.
2014-06-27
2014-06-27
2014
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/42346
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/589932019-02-07T18:19:59Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Tänavakunsti korraldamise mõju isetekkelisele tänavakunstile
Joala, Sirje
Kiisel, Maie, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
2018-01-08
2018-01-08
2017
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/58993
est
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/154812019-02-07T12:19:01Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Suhtekorraldus Eesti äriettevõtetes
Kuusik, Kristi
Tampere, Kaja, juhendaja
H Social Sciences (General)
bakalaureusetööd
suhtekorraldus
suhtekorraldajad
äriettevõtted
ärijuhid
The title of this thesis is “Public relations in Estonian private companies”. The main
presumption when making this research was that the role of the public relations
representative (PRR) is often very broadly and insufficiently defined in private
companies. Quite often the manager and the actual PRR see these duties and obligations
differently. My goal for this research was to look into how the PRR sees its role in the
company and how good is the communication between PRR and the management inside
the company. I also looked into how PRR´s and managers see the function of PR in
private companies in order to get a better understanding of the PR field in Estonia.
The sample contained representatives from ten companies in the Top100 most successful
companies according to Estonian business newspaper “Äripaev”. The main research
method was structured interview and questionnaire. Of the ten companies who
participated in this survey, five had PRR position and in other five the role had been
given to an official of another position. This made it easier to analyze the position, its use
and traditions for different companies.
Research showed that the majority of PRR’s were satisfied with the situation inside their
organization and did not think that there is sufficient need for change. Most companies
have a positive attitude towards using public relations personnel, that among the
companies who actually use PRR and the ones who don’t.
Although the companies who participated in this research had different structures, they
all had PRR represented in one form or another (some of them had actual PRR personnel
- others did not). The overall profile of a PRR is the following. PRR would respond
directly to company’s management. They are seen as professionals in their field, and are
asked to help with processing strategic decisions not just standard PRR responsibilities.
PRR personnel often think of themselves as inside and outside communications coordinators and image creators for the company. PRR´s who deal with strategic roles tie
the function with company success.
Quite often managers and PRR see similar aspects & functions of the field differently.
That can be negative for the company’s functioning and development. Different
expectations may bring the manager and PRR to a conflict.
The biggest conflict relating PRR to success concerns companies who do not have an
actual PRR person. The companies that had the role of the PRR given to an official of
another position, thought that having actual PRR person would not make the company
more successful, at the same time managers did not see it the same way. It raises two
questions. First, if the manager thinks highly about PR, why does PRR not agree and
underestimate his/her work. If the manager thinks high of PR and sees the connection
between public relations and company’s success why has not an actual PRR position
been established. At the same time we cannot forget that these characteristics only
describe companies who participated in this survey and should not be broadened to other
Estonian businesses.
This bachelor’s thesis is the second part of a more thorough research – the first part of it
was completed by Kaspar Jänes in the spring of 2004. It was called “Managers view of
PRR´s role in successful businesses”. This bachelor’s thesis shows how PRR functions
are being used in Estonian businesses and shows ways of doing more researches on this
area.
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2005
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15481
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/73/
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/155552019-02-07T13:12:46Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Juhtkirja valimine päevalehes (Eesti Päevalehe, Postimehe ja Äripäeva näitel)
Kald, Indrek
Harro-Loit, Halliki
H Social Sciences (General)
bakalaureusetööd
meedia
meedia
trükiajakirjandus
ajakirjandusžanrid
juhtkirjad
päevalehed
The current bachelor thesis „The Process of the Completion of an Editorial in a Daily
Newspaper (Case Study of Eesti Päevaleht, Postimees and Äripäev)” observed closely the
process of completing the editorial in Estonian daily newspapers.
The first, theoretical part of the research paper gives an overview of the functions and
structure of the editorial. It also analyses its objectives and position in the newspaper,
including the role of the editorial as a basis on which public opinion is formed.
The second, empirical part of the paper is based on 11 in-depth-interviews with editors of
Eesti Päevaleht, Postimees and Äripäev who serve on the editorial boards of the respective
newspapers. This part mapped the process of completing an editorial in all three newspapers
and reviewed and compared the dilemmas that the editors face.
The main issues that the bachelor thesis concentrated on were the following: the selection of
the topic for the editorial; the formation of the editorial board’s standpoint; finding arguments
that both support and contradict the proposed standpoint; the process of writing (assigning a
writer, determining the structure of the text).
Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the topic of the editorial is
formulated by the opinion editor (arvamustoimetaja) responsible for this day’s editorial in all
three daily newspapers. He/she suggests the topic during the daily meeting, where
representatives of various departments of newspaper assemble. If the meeting does not
approve the topic, the final decision will be made by the editorial board collectively. Regard
to the topic, the most important news of the day is usually selected as the topic for the
editorial.
Thus, the standpoint of the editorial is formulated by the opinion editor together with editors
of other departments who offer their input. While determining the standpoint, the majority
wins. In Äripäev and Eesti Päevaleht, this standpoint should be in accordance with the
formulated key values of the newspaper. Postimees has not formulated such values.
By finding arguments that both support and contradict the standpoint, the archives of different
newspapers, statistics etc are used as a source. In Äripäev, there is a special team called
editorial council (juhtkirjagrupp) who suggests arguments to the writer. In Postimees and
Eesti Päevaleht, it is the opinion editor together representatives of other departments who has
to find relevant arguments.
If counter-arguments are stronger than those which support the agreed standpoint in Äripäev,
the standpoint of the editorial will be changed. In Postimees and Eesti Päevaleht, the topic of
the editorial will be changed in this case. Counter-arguments cannot always be found in the
editorials of Eesti Päevaleht and Postimees.
Äripäev’s editorial has to follow a fixed structure (respectively: topic, standpoint,
argumentation, conclusions). In Eesti Päevaleht and Postimees, editorial is more free in its
structure.
In Äripäev and Eesti Päevaleht, only opinion editors write editorials. In Postimees, only 1/3 of
editorials are written by opinion editors, the rest 2/3 are completed by members of other
departments of the newspaper. In Äripäev, if the writing editor does not share the chosen
standpoint, he/she will nevertheless complete the editorial as agreed by the majority. In
Postimees and Eesti Päevaleht, a new writer is selected under the circumstances.
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2006
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15555
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/147/
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/641012019-12-11T14:04:22Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Blogide kasutamine Eesti organisatsioonide kommunikatsioonis ja turunduses
Vaht, Helena
Taur, Tiiu, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
2019-06-08
2019-06-08
2019
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/64101
est
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ee/
openAccess
Autorile viitamine + Mitteäriline eesmärk + Tuletatud teoste keeld 3.0 Eesti
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/157622019-02-07T14:57:33Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Kodanikeühenduste osalus infoühiskonnas
Hansoo, Stever
Pruulmann-Vengerfeldt, Pille, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
H Social Sciences (General)
bakalaureusetööd
infoühiskond
kodanikuühiskond
mittetulundussektor
sihtasutused
ühendused
Nongovermental organisations participation in information society.
Keywords: civil society; inclusion; information society; network society;
nongovermental organisation; participation; tokenism.
In relation to present bachelor thesis empirical part there was done a standardised
enquiry, the results are presented afore. The enquiry was carried out in online
environment during two weeks from 25. March to 5. April 2009. The members of
Network of Estonian Non-profit Organizations were asked to participate in this
enquiry, all together 98 organizations, 62 of them answered to the enquiry.
We can say that NGOs (non-governmental organizations) participate by means of
supra- ICT (info and communication technologies) and also traditional. NGOs mostly
say their reason to participate in info and network society is the goal to find
information to communicate with the public sector, business partners or just to
simplify their work. The primary forms of participatory of citizen unions in info and
network society are internet, including e-mail, e-services and e-mail lists. Less
spread is web based communities. We can say from organizations participation that
NGOs are active participants and NGOs participation is not pseudo participation, but
participation in it most realistic form, there is interest toward it and it is being seen as
an opportunity not obligation. NGOs participation in info and network society is first
and foremost participation and inclusion, but there are also attitudes where ICT is
being seen only as instrument, but the proportion of this opinion is minimal.
For conclusion as to rely on the things said afore we can say that NGOs participate
in info and network society, use opportunities offered from ICT, but also have
preserved traditional ways of participation. ICT is not only technology but also a
way for participation and inclusion of citizen and country. But, if we take as an
example the web based communities, wikis or blogs, where the participation is
humble and needs support, we still can say that NGOs are active users of ICT and eservices
offered by country.
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2009
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15762
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/368/
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/258152019-02-07T15:43:45Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Teismelistevahelised kiuslikud suhted Facebooki keskkonnas Otepää gümnaasiumi tüdrukute näitel
Buht, Liis
Siibak, Andra, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
The purpose of the present Bachelor thesis “Bullying behaviors among adolescents on Facebook: a case study of girls from Otepää Gymnasium“, was to explore to what extent do adolescents use Facebook to exhibit bullying behavior towards other teens, which methods do they use and how are things that happen on Facebook related to the offline world. The main concept used in this thesis is bullying behavior, which expresses posts generated by adolescents consisting of bullying, conflicts, drama and gossip. Throughout the thesis the main authors I’ve used were danah boyd and Alice Marwick and their qualitative studies, background information was provided by EU Kids Online II surveys.
In the first chapter a review of theories and earlier qualitative studies of this subject was presented. The relationships between adolescents in the offline world, their practices of internet use and continuously increasing cyber-bullying, in relation to the development of the information society, were studied more closely. An overview of teens’ usage of social network sites and their bullying behavior was also given.
The studying of adolescents’ bullying behavior on Facebook was based on focus-group interviews which were carried out with semi-structured questionnaires and conducted among 10-12 grade female students from Otepää Gymnasium. Data was analyzed by using the cross-case method, which allows to study answers across respondents. Received data was coded and presented in the findings with illustrative quotes.
The findings of the study suggest that adolescents use Facebook quite often to show their bullying behavior. Teenagers themselves do not want to use the word bullying to describe their actions, because bullying is associated with physical action and is considered an activity common amongst younger children. They prefer to use the word drama since according to adolescents, drama is more innocent than bullying. Teens also describe their activities on Facebook as having fun amongst peers or humor. That kind of behavior is supported by the fact that people who make fun of each other are acquaintances or friends, so adolescents assume that the other person knows that they are just joking around.
Adolescents pick on each other mostly by writing comments under posted images, pictures etc. It appeared that bullying behavior also occurs when a person wants to show off his/her success. For example, when somebody uploads a picture where he demonstrates pumped up muscles, the auditorium begins to gloat about it or writes sarcastic comments. From the findings we can conclude that certain people always deserve ironical comments, and that the auditorium is waiting for pictures or status updates to lash out.
Bullies are characterized by a desire to stand out, a need for attention and an understanding that they are somehow better than others. Arrogance often leads to great conflicts. Although teenagers have both parents and teachers on their contact lists, an adult intervention in case of bullying is not common on Facebook. However, in some cases teachers in school have talked to students about improper party pictures. Because teens don’t see any major problems in their activity, some girls who participated in the present study think that teachers should mind their own business. Some girls see that instructions are necessary but should be aimed at middle school students.
Spiteful postings on Facebook show that many of the subjects and themes are transferred from ordinary life, but on the other hand do not show that bullying behavior moves in between online and offline environments, which means that the conflicts that are cleared up on Facebook, will remain there, and those that are dissected in everyday life, are solved there. The difference comes in the point that generally bullying behavior expressed on Facebook does not find a solution, while in the offline environment sooner or later adolescents seek reconciliation. This, however, happens if a conflict has arisen in between friends.
Adolescents see that internet adds power to bullying behavior, since sitting behind a computer at home teens do not have to worry about someone hurting them because of inappropriate or despiteful comments. Therefore comments are more bold and colorful than in everyday life.
Since it is an important, but little studied subject in the context of Estonia, the area needs to be developed, particularly in the form of expansion of the sample, which allows us to understand how boys and middle school students see and explain bullying behavior on Facebook.
2012-06-14
2012-06-14
2012-06-14
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/25815
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/153332019-02-07T12:23:53Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Vene-Gruusia sõja raamistamine Eesti Päevalehes ja Helsingin Sanomates
Nõmmik, Helena
Korts, Külliki, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
The topic of this bachelor’s thesis is The Framing of Russia-Georgia War in Eesti Päevaleht
and Helsingin Sanomat. The research was conducted between 7 August 2008 and 15 August
2008. In the course of the process altogether 45 articles from the print newspaper edition were
analyzed – 24 from Eesti Päevaleht and 21 from Helsingin Sanomat. Using the framing
approach as the research method, the aim was to investigate public opinion of the Russia-
Georgia War in Estonian and Finnish media.
Regarding the framing definition, the author of this research followed Robert Entman.
According to him, frames have four main functions: problem definition, causal interpretation,
moral evaluation and treatment recommendation. Based on this, the analyze of the articles
was carried out.
Comparing the framing in Eesti Päevaleht and Helsingin Sanomat showed that the main
difference is in moral evaluation. In the Estonian newspaper, more emphasis was put on
bringing forth the offender and victim whereas in the Finnish newspaper the conflict was put
into a wider context. This shows that the Eesti Päevaleht frames were more critical and
emotional. Regarding the functions of causal interpretation and treatment recommendation,
Estonian and Finnish media frames were similar. Although, it can be said that some of the
Eesti Päevaleht recommendations were more radical than the Finnish ones.
The author of this thesis also put forth a wider research question: do different attitudes
towards collective memory and security policy show in the media? Since Russia is the biggest
factor in Estonian and Finnish collective memory and security policy planning, the conflict in
Georgia put forth many questions about history and security. That also influenced the framing
of the conflict. The war was framed more professionally by the Finnish journalists, politicians
and specialists because they are not influenced by collective memory. Finnish citizens,
Estonian journalists and specialists had a more national frame because they tend to hold on to
the past. Security policy issues were discussed in both newspapers because of the fact that
Russia is the biggest security policy planning factor in Estonia and Finland.
In conclusion, the given results of this research show that the framing of the Russia-Georgia
war in Eesti Päevaleht and Helsingin Sanomat differed. Therefore different attitudes towards
collective memory and security policy do show in the media.
2010-09-27
2010-09-27
2010
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15333
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/156832019-02-07T14:09:52Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Eesti meediakriitika hetkeseis Postimehe, Eesti Päevalehe ja Eesti Ekspressi näitel
Tonka, Kadri
Lauk, Epp, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni osakond
H Social Sciences (General)
The aim of the present Bachelor’s thesis is to analyse mediacritical discussion in the
Estonian press.
The paper consists of two parts. The first part introduces theoretical aspects of
mediacriticism, its nature, functions, objectives and evolution in the world. The
second part evaluates mediacritical articles - 40 in total - published in Estonian daily
newspapers Postimees, Eesti Päevaleht and Eesti Ekspress during the past five years
using the method of qualitative content analysis.
It should be pointed out that most articles discussing mediacritical problems included
problems reflecting profit interest, the authors of which reproached the Estonian press
about too extensive orientation to scandals and too little interest in more important
topics for the public. The second major problem brought out by the authors of
mediacritical articles was unbalance. In half of the cases it denoted unbalanced
articles which means that when recounting events not all parties were given word to.
In the other half of the cases it meant unbalanceness of journalists which means that in
their articles journalists tended to take somebody’s side instead of staying neutral.
As a result of the analysis it can be concluded that there too little mediacricitism is
disclosed in Estonia. The articles published are unplanned and occasional. The main
reason why they are published lies in the necessity of the authors’ (self)justification.
The circle of mediacritical authors is tight involving only three interest groups: editors
from competing publications, media specialists and politicians. Consequently, it can
be claimed that there is no competent mediacritical discussion in Estonia.
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2007
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15683
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/275/
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/156772019-02-07T14:06:16Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Jalgpallihuviliste arvamused jalgpalli kajastamisest Eesti meedias
Šmutov, Martin
Pruulmann-Vengerfeldt, Pille, juhendaja
Masso, Anu, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni osakond
H Social Sciences (General)
bakalaureusetööd
The purpose of the study was to examine how people who are interested in football
consume media in general and also their football related consumption. This study also
examined how people evaluate the standards of Estonian football news.
Specific research questions where as following:
Q1: How does person interested in football consume media?
Q2: How does person interested in football consume football related media?
Q3: Are people who are interested in football satisfied with Estonian media offering and
what are they expectations for the future?
Empirical data was gathered using internet-based questionnaire that was open for
answering during two weeks. The links to the questionnaire were in football-related
forum and portal of Soccernet.ee. The total number of participants was 181, 17 of them
were women. Most of the participants were aged between 13 and 26 (82%).
To study the groups closer and to see if there was any difference in opinions and media
consumption, the participants were divided into three groups depending on their answers
to 15 questions about their own knowledge of different football leagues. In the first group
there were 43 participants and their football knowledge was low. In the second group
there were 88 participants and their football knowledge was average. In the third group
there were 50 participants and their football knowledge was high.
The study showed that the biggest difference in usual media consumption were with radio
and internet – participants of this study use radio less and internet more that people in
previous studies. This might be related to the average age of the participants that is quite
low – so for youngsters internet is the most known outlet and the way how to gather
information. Internet, but also television is the two most important mediums for football
related media consumption.
People intested in football also point out that there are gaps in the news presentation, but
they tend to agree that the news are trustworthy and that all in all the Estonian media does
reasonably good job in producing football related news items. The participants are most
pleased with television company ETV, daily tabloid paper SL Õhtuleht and internet
portals Soccernet.ee and Sportnet. These channels also are the quickest to report the
news. From the negative side there are two TV companies – Kanal 2 and TV 3 that are
not rated highly among people interested in football. The most esteemed journalists are
Andres Must, Margus Luik and Aavo Sarap – all three of them are experts and not daily
news reporters.
People interested in football were also convinced that the standard of reporting football
related news will rise in the future.
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2007
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15677
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/269/
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/641022019-12-11T14:29:01Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Sotsiaalselt vastutustundliku ettevõtluse representatsioon organisatsioonide kodulehekülgedel
Vernik, Merilin
Harro-Loit, Halliki, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
Minu töö eesmärk oli uurida, kuidas 2018. aastal Vastutustundliku Ettevõtluse Foorumi (lühidalt VEF) indeksi (kuld-, hõbe- või pronksmärgis) saanud ettevõtted vastutustundliku ettevõtlusega seotud tegevusi oma kodulehekülgedel esitlevad. Tahan teada, kuidas ettevõtted vastutustundlikku ettevõtlust avalikkusele representeerivad, milliseid väärtusvalikuid, praktilisi tegevusi ja/või otsuseid nad esitlevad. Kas tegevused ja otsused on esitatud tõenduspõhiselt ja konkreetsetele tulemustele viitavate tegevustena, või pigem deklaratiivsete tegevuste või eesmärkidena, mis teenivad pigem mainekujunduslikku eesmärki.
Eesmärgi saavutamiseks kasutasin kontentanalüüsi, analüüsides 68 organisatsiooni kodulehekülgedel leiduvat sotsiaalselt vastutustundlikku ettevõtlust representeerivat teksti.
Uuringus selgus, et organisatsioonide SVE representatsioonid jagunevad kahte suurde gruppi:
- Informatiivsed tugeva informatsiooniesitlusega organisatsioonid, kes on oma tegevusi
detailselt kirjeldanud, lisades juurde tõendavat materjali.
- Deklaratiivsed ehk pehmet informatsiooni esitlevad organisatsioonid, kes oma
tegevusvalikuid esitlenud ei ole.
Sotsiaalne vastutustundlik ettevõtlus jaguneb kolmeks põhimõõtmeks: keskkondlik, sotsiaalne ja majanduslik. Kõige enam on SVE representatsioonis kasutatud keskkondlikku mõõdet, seda nii läbipaistvate organisatsioonide kui ka deklaratiivsete seas. Läbipaistvate organisatsioonide seas oli sotsiaalne mõõde enamasti pinnapealselt esitatud, mis tähendab, et oma põhirõhu on informatiivsed ettevõtted pannud keskkonna säästmisele, kes on oma tegevusi detailselt esitlenud.
Edasi on võimalik uurida kuidas SVE representatsioon ettevõttesse tööle värbamist mõjutab, kas nende vahel on seoseid – kas värbamine on seotud representeerimisega. Kas inimesel tekib eelistusi, kui valida kahe ettevõtte vahel, üks, kes on läbipaistvalt representeerinud, teine vaid deklaratiivselt ehk veenvalt.
Tänan südamest oma juhendajat Halliki Harro-Loitu, kellelt sain põhjalikku tagasisidet ja nõuandeid ning kes oli töö kirjutamisel väga suureks toeks.
2019-06-08
2019-06-08
2019
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/64102
est
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ee/
openAccess
Autorile viitamine + Mitteäriline eesmärk + Tuletatud teoste keeld 3.0 Eesti
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/640942019-12-11T14:47:32Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Eesti kaitseväe struktuuriüksuste sotsiaalmeedia kasutamise praktikad Facebooki näitel
Päären, Mari-Liis
Truusa, Tiia-Triin, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
2019-06-08
2019-06-08
2019
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/64094
est
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ee/
openAccess
Autorile viitamine + Mitteäriline eesmärk + Tuletatud teoste keeld 3.0 Eesti
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/158082019-02-07T15:16:53Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Varateismeliste meediapädevus Eestis artiklite kriitilise lugemise näitel
Tamming, Maria
Ugur, Kadri, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
H Social Sciences (General)
bakalaureusetööd
The aim of this study was to map out the level of media literacy of Estonian youth.
The study set out to find out whether it is necessary to protect children at that particular age
from the media, what is their media education and what kind of deficiencies they
themselves see in their media education. The study also set out to evaluate the adequacy of
the level of early teens’ critical reading and the base document of functional literacy for
national curriculum.
The opinions of earlier media literacy theoreticians fall into two categories: most of
them think of media education as something important, although long-term effects of it
have not yet been found; it is thought that children’s media literacy is lower than adults’
and therefore, there is a need for protecting them from the media. On the other hand, many
acknowledged developmental pedagogical scientists find that at the beginning of the teen
years many of the children become capable of analysing media at the same level as many
adults and Martin Lindström, who is engaged in marketing for children, claims that the
generation of today is much better adapted to living in the middle of lots of media than the
adults.
In the course of this study ten semi-structured informant interviews were carried
through with children of the age of 11-13 from Tallinn. These interviews were the grounds
to find out how the interviewees distinguish between and find facts and opinions, what kind
of aims and people they see behind media messages, what kind of target groups they are
able to identify, which techniques of the media they notice, how they evaluate the
relevance, reliability etc. of the articles and what kind of media education they have.
On the grounds of the material collected during this study, it can be said that the media
literacy of children in early adolescence and adults still differ somewhat in their level but
the difference between them is not so big. Moreover, it cannot be said which of the groups
is more literate than the other. It seems that the adeolescents are better in some catogories
and vice versa. Then again both groups had their weak points. Therefore, there is no real reason for protecting the youth from the media, but both groups could use some more
media education.
Adults dare to express their opinions more than the adolescents and see the bigger
picture of the case but the adolescents are especially particulate at the facts and more
neutral towards the media messages. Both, the early adolescents and adults trust the media
very much, but articles that were published later, proved that these articles weren’t
completely flawless.
It can also be said, that adults were even more influenced by the media, because
they instantly developed opinions from the basis of information that came from the media
that it was a case of deliberate child abandoning and that the parents did not care about the
child. Early teens on the contrary did not create such clear opinions in their heads of “good
and bad characters” nor the reasons of the child having been found alone.
Children in their early teen years seem to have a better capability of finding and
remembering information from the media, because unlike adults, the were able to name lots
of correct facts. It might be the result of constant fact learning at school, but the only
certain thing is, that early teens made less generalisations.
When it comes to media education and the absences in that, it is impossible to say
according to this study if media education is necessary or not, because the interviewees
were quite successful in answering all the questions concerning their media literacy, but
then again they don’t remember almost anything about media education from school and
they didn’t mention that a lot of use would have been made of recognised techniques of
developing media literacy at home as well. Also, they don’t feel much need of extra media
education from home nor school.
It was interesting that those early teens with whom teachers had discussed media
Events with at school, were a little bit more successful in analyzing the articles. But one
boy claimed that he could use more theoretical media education and said that he saw no
point in discussing articles.
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2009
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15808
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/416/
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/158172019-02-07T15:21:04Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Raha ja majandustegevuse representatsiooni ja tähendusvälja muutumine ajakirjandustekstides perioodil 1985–2005 ajalehe Postimees näitel
Möller, Gerda
Lõhmus, Maarja, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
H Social Sciences (General)
magistritööd
meedia
trükiajakirjandus
päevalehed
raha
majandus
representatsioon
muutused
The goal of current master thesis was to describe the movements of representation and the semantic field of money and economic activities during 1985-2005 in the public texts of newspaper Postimees. In addition, the functions of media were analyzed in representation of money and economic affairs. The author’s intention was to draw the society and communication researcher’s attention to the need to investigate the money also in social sciences. Three themes compiled the theoretical and empirical basis: sociology of money, the change of Estonian society and media system starting from 1980 and also the meaning of money for Estonian inhabitants. The main theorist was Simmel and his “Philosophy of Money” (compiled in 1900). Also, Marx and Weber found their places in this thesis as the classics of sociology of money. Media texts form newspaper Postimees were used as empirical data. Texts were analyzed using content and critical discourse analysis (Fairclough) methods. The sample of content analysis consisted of 172 articles from third week of January of year 1985 (sample was 50), 1995 (sample was 65) and 2005 (sample was 57). The sample of discourse analysis consisted of 45 articles (8 texts of 1985, 17 texts of 1995 and 20 texts of 2005) and texts stemmed from whole January. In discourse analysis the construction of foreign and local money and economic sphere was analyzed. In thesis two main hypotheses were set. First, it was presupposed that money, words related to money, currency and economic activities are represented differently in journalistic texts in Soviet Union (year 1985), transition period (year 1995) and in economical growth periood (year 2005). The differences appear in themes raised through money and economic activities, in relationship of object and subjekt in texts, in modality of money and in position of money as talking subject of media.
Pre-described hypothesis was confirmed as a result of content analysis. Socializing and educating of the people dominated in the main and sub themes of the articles, aspects related to living environment and security gained less attention. Compared to later periods, reference to money was rarely made in economic discussions. If texts included reference to currency, mainly the ruble was used. There was also some quotation made to the US dollar and on much lesser extent to the other currencies. Articles related to money and economic affairs were mostly written in positive key: press communicated the constant progress and vitality of the Soviet centrally-planned economy, but the issue of deficit was also raised in the stories about working people. In the transitional society the representation of money and economic activity changed completely: money was mostly connected to domestic and international business, educating and socializing of people and representation of lifestyle were forced to the background. Subjects like security and crime became also relevant topics in texts. Members of the business and finance community became very active spokespersons. US dollar was strongly represented alongside the local currency. It is also remarkable that the representation of money and economic activities in general in 2005 resembles more the one in 1985 than the one of the transitional society. This shows that the media of the transitional society as even more oriented on money. Representation of money and business activities in the new century shows signs of underdispersion: money is more widely spread all over the newspaper throughout the pages, sectors and speakers. Even though the modality of money has become more positive, the share of positive and negative articles is equal (⅓ of both). The second collection of hypothesis concentrated on the semantic field of money. It was assumed that other meanings beside economic ones are constructed for money through media texts; more specifically it was assumed that:
- in the 1980’s the ruble was used to construct a wall between the Soviet and Western culture, meaning that money was used as a “tool” of ideology.
This hypothesis was confirmed. Soviet press performed the reproduction role of the ideological objectives through the field of economic affairs. People had to be protected from the power of Money. By determining the prices and salaries and “hiding“ the inflation the stable currency – ruble – was constructed. The state also designated “social responsibilities” for people, which had to prove their commitment to the state through work.
It was also assumed that:
- in the 1990’s one of the functions of the Estonia kroon was to rebuild the state: along with the introduction of the market economy, the economic functions of money were becoming more dominant, but its use as an ideological instrument also continued (rebuilding the state).
This hypothesis was confirmed. Market based economy meant that economic functions of money became more important: issues like economic interdependance of Estonia and other countries, fluctuation of prices and changes in exchange rates of currencies were widely discussed. The kroon was also used for rebuilding the newly regained statehood (one pillar of the national security was the fact that Estonian kroon had a fixed exchange rate against the German mark). At the same time there was lack of texts discussing the inflation at human level: what did Estonian peole think of Estonian kroon as symbol of rebuilding the state? Third hypothesis was that:
- in the beginning of 2000’s the objective has been the introduction of Euro, which would strengthen the image of belonging to Europe and continue the withdrawal from or even confrontation to Russia.
This hypothesis was confirmed, even though the desire for euro in the media texts began already in the transition period, when opposition to anything related Russia was in full swing. Another phenomenon of this era is the marginalization of the US dollar in the media texts as the world currency and the introduction of euro as the new one. The role of the media in broadcasting the money was also looked in this thesis. The role has changed remarkably from the reproducing of the ruling ideology in the Soviet media to the introducer of new norms during the transitional period and finally to the guardian of the public finances in the 21st century. During last three-four years dramatic hanges have taken place in society as well as in economy (economic crisis have taken place). Therefore the next research topic should consentrate to the change of semantic field of money in changing society and also look at the role of media in this process. Current thesis offers vocabulary and methodology for that purpose.
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2009
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15817
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/425/
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/154962019-02-07T12:28:56Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Sisekommunikatsioon muutuste perioodil Tartu Kõrgemas Kunstikoolis
Luka, Liina
Tampere, Kaja, juhendaja
H Social Sciences (General)
bakalaureusetööd
suhtekorraldus
organisatsioonid
muutused
organisatsioonikommunikatsioon
sisekommunikatsioon
sisekliima
Tartu Kõrgem Kunstikool
In this bachelor thesis the internal communication of Tartu Higher Art School was
researched at the period of changes. The new principal was engaged there on the 1st of
January. Also the organizational climate of Tartu Higher Art Scool was studied and
regarded how it has changed after the designation of the new principal.
Firstly the theoretical basis was presented, which was devided into three parts:
systemtheories where organiztions` communication with its environment was explained
as an intersystematic process with mutual impact, communicationtheories where the
importance of an organizational communication was explained and change managing
theories. In describing the theoretical basis also the areas of interest of this research were
noted while analyzing the empirical material.
The empirical part of the research can be devided into two:
a questionnaire among the employees of Tartu Higher Art School, in
April 2005
interviews with two employees from different structural units
As a result of the research, conlusions were made about the main problems of Tartu
Higher Art School`s communication and organizational climate.
Empirical material was analyzed on the basis of the division used in the questionnaire:
the changes and the communication of the changes;
information flow in Tartu Higher Art School;
contentment of teamwork and motivation to work in Tartu Higher Art School;
organizational climate
The conclusions were made on the basis of information gathered from the questionnaires
and interviews. The results of the analysis were also compared with the thoeretical basis
described in the research. Finally the suggestions were given to the management to Tartu
Higher Art School for planning and communicating the further innovations and changes
more effectively.
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2005
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15496
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/88/
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/153562019-02-07T12:40:37Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Mineviku aktualiseerimine Eesti teleuudistes veebruaris ja märtsis 2009
Boikov, Siim
Harro-Loit, Halliki, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
magistritööd
meedia
televisioon
uudised
teleuudised
minevik
ajalugu
ajalooteadvus
kollektiivne mälu
küüditamine
repressioonid
The frequent contemporary construction of the past events is subject to exceedingly different
forms of media. The thesis at hand has selected the form of televised media and the format of the
newscast, focusing upon the definite actualization of past events.
The theoretical section of the thesis analyzes how the news media shapes our collective memory,
the specific impact that the television as a visual media has upon it, the role of the reporter and
how the past and history are actualized in case of anniversaries and events of considerable
magnitude.
The objectives of the thesis at hand include mapping the news stream by means of content
analysis and to focus on the anniversary journalism utilizing qualitative text analysis. The
secondary goal of the thesis was to assess the narrative manifestation and its origins.
Among the significant conclusions of the thesis is the major actualization of anniversary
journalism during certain time periods, whereas other such periods can be rendered without
sufficient attention.
The past were contextualized primarily within the framework of the present, serving these events
as a background item, providing an element of duration, place or context.
The qualitative analysis was utilized to evaluate the televised newscasts reporting the deportation
theme, wherein the discourse between the victim and the enemy are clearly defined. This
analysis was performed on a macro level upon reported article texts as well as through the
personal recollections of the victims.
2010-09-28
2010-09-28
2010
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15356
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/678632022-09-16T06:25:25Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Telegram.ee lugejauuring: alternatiivmeedia väärtus ja uudisteajakirjanduse kriitika
Sobak, Kristi
Kõuts-Klemm, Ragne, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
2020-06-11
2020-06-11
2020
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/67863
est
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/154762019-02-07T12:17:07Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Välisilm Postimehes 2003-2004
Kase, Kajar
Vihalemm, Peeter, juhendaja
H Social Sciences (General)
bakalaureusetööd
ajakirjandus
trükiajakirjandus
päevalehed
välisuudised
uudised
Postimees (ajaleht)
Ameerika Ühendriigid
Venemaa
Euroopa Liit
The Bachelor’s thesis „The outside world in Postimees 2003-2004“ studies stories
from the outside world published in the biggest Estonian daily newspaper Postimees,
their geographic origin, type of the event and other characteristics. The main research
questions:
1. What characterizes the international media space in Postimees in terms of
international news flow?
2. What characterizes the international political, economic and cultural spaces in
Postimees?
3. What changes have there been in the news flow with regard to Estonia’s joining
NATO and EU?
4. What is the relationship between media space and people social space?
The thesis is based on studies of international news flow, particularly those conducted
by Robert Stevenson, and studies of social space by Peeter Vihalemm. Following the
example of the latter studies media space is divided into the dimensions of political,
economic and cultural space.
The method employed in the thesis on content analysis. Altogether 622 stories were
analyzed from altogether six weeks in the second halves of the years 2003 and 2004.
The main results of the study:
1. The media space in Postimees can in general be characterized by the same
characteristics outlined by studies of international news flow. The biggest number of
stories is about neutral events, main topics of the stories are politics and to a lesser
extent the economy. About 1/3 of all the stories are based on negative events. The
most important criterion in the geographic origin of the stories is regionality, 2/3 of the stories in Postimees come from Europe. The most important countries are USA,
Russia and the EU, followed by our neighbors Finland, Sweden, Latvia, Lithuania;
Iraq and Great Britain. Coverage of the rest of the world is negligible.
2. Political space changes most in accordance with international news flow. Here our
neighbors, power centres and 1-2 international crises are consistently reported on.
In the economic space the criteria of geographic proximity and involvement of host
country are most important; here 78% of the stories are from Europe. To a lesser
extent other power centres in the world economy like Asia and the US are covered.
In cultural space international culture centres are most important; USA, Russia and
Great Britain are the most prominent countries here.
3. Joining NATO and the EU has not brought considerable changes to the media
space in Postimees. The importance of the EU has even dropped a bit after joining the
EU.
4. In general it is difficult to compare social space to media space because they are
both in a way abstract constructs. In general it can be said that in the social space of
Estonia the Nordic countries and Germany are represented more and USA and Russia
less than in media space in Postimees.
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2005
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15476
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/68/
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/181472019-02-07T11:45:02Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Õppekomplekt kriitilise lugemise kui ühe meediapädevuse aspekti arendamiseks vene gümnaasiumite õpilastele
Smuglina, Irina
Ugur, Kadri, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
The purpose of this bachelor paper is to test a study set consisting of exercises that would develop the skill of a critical reading in the schools in order to get a feedback from students and teachers and then to improve it. A study set consists of five exercises which develop these skills such as a detailed media texts’ reading, analysis of structure and content of media texts, evaluation of reliability of media texts, and analysis of factors that influence the reception of media texts. Exercises were conducted at two Russian schools with students from grades 10 and 11. During the exercise procedure a method of participant observation was applied.
Also, two interviews were conducted with the focus groups. The purpose of the first interview was to gather information about students’ background of media use and knowledge about the critical reading. The second interview was carried out at the last meeting in order to obtain feedback from students about exercises and to examine whether their knowledge of critical reading skills improved or changed. The study revealed that those students who did not know at the beginning the meaning of critical reading, were able to provide a definition of the term later. Those who knew the meaning, reported more critical and complemented understanding of critical reading. After comprehension of the concept of critical reading, the students started to use words like reliablity assessment, texts comparison, tracking mistakes, and text analysis.
In addition, a teacher of Estonian language (as a foreign language) provided a written feedback, in which she stated that media texts could be used frequently in Estonian classes, since media texts contain everyday language that is crucial in practice, and a teacher of media analyzed the exercises in details during an interview. The teacher of media proposed to create an assessment system for the exercises of the study set, to provide a clearer description of the applications of the study set in a classroom for the teachers, and to add some changes in the working sheets.
Taking into account all the comments that were made during the course of participant observation and interviews, this bachelor paper offers a renewed study set, more informative and convenient to use for teachers and students.
2011-07-22
2011-07-22
2011
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/18147
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/153102019-02-07T13:33:50Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
I klassi õpilaste teadlikkus online-riskidest ning vanemate käitumispraktikad laste internetikasutuse kujundamisel Tartu koolide näitel
Karu, Kersti
Kalmus, Veronika, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
Awareness of online risks among I grade pupils and parents’ behavioural practises in
mediating their children’s Internet use based on Tartu shcools.
Key words: Internet risks, online risks, children and Internet, parental mediation
The main objective of this bachelor thesis was to map the knowledge and attitudes
about Internet risks among 1st grade pupils in Estonia. In addition, to find out what
are parents’ behavioural practises and strategies in mediating their children’s Internet
usage.
The paper surveys mainly:
• How do 7-8 year old children use the Internet?
The aim of this research question is to find out where, how often and for what
reason do children use the Internet.
• How do children understand online risks?
It is important to know how much do children know about online risks and to what
extent can they interpret online material.
• What are children’s reactions to experiencing online risks?
Do children share their problem with somebody or prefer to ignore it?
• What kind of expectations do children and their parents have for the Internet?
• What kind of strategies do parents use in mediating their children’s Internet usage?
Since the use of the Internet is becoming an increasingly popular pastime, particularly
among children and young people, it offers many benefits to its users. The reality is
that there are also serious risks which children must be made aware of. The trend is,
however, that teenagers are the most heavily studied age group due to their higher
level use of the Internet. However, researchers (Hasebrink et al 2009) have
highlighted the need for more studies focusing on younger children, especially those
aged eight or younger. As Estonia belongs to the group of countries with high Internet
usage, where more that 85% of children use the Internet, and at the same time among
the countries with high level of Internet risk, it is important to focus on researching
the awareness of online risks among the young users also.
The theoretical and empirical part of this study give an overview of children and the
information and consumer society, children’s Internet usage, presents the
classification of online risks and opportunities, important agents in influencing
children’s Internet use and parents’ strategies in mediating their children’s use of the
Internet. In addition, it presents briefly the framework of Internet regulation topic and
also gives an overview of up to date and representative research material concerning
the subject.
In order to gather empirical data on above mentioned matter a qualitative research
method – in-depth interviews - was used among 16 first grade pupils from Estonia. In
order to enhance this paper a quantitative research method – online questionnaire -
was also used to collect data from parents of the 1st grade pupils.
In-depth interviews revealed that 7-8 year old pupils use the Internet regularly for
playing online games. One of the most surprising findings was the fact that children
use the Internet under no supervision by their parents nor have they experienced any
other restrictions (except from the time they can spend on the Internet). The most
important findings included the fact that children considered different technological
viruses as the main online risks but only a few had heard about giving out personal
information or meeting an online contact offline, however those appear to be among
the most dangerous risks.
Due to the limited sample of this study, it is not possible to make an overall
conclusion on the Internet risk awareness among Estonian children. Nevertheless,
while children are discovering new ways of using the Internet and acquiring new
skills and experiences, the increase in the awareness of safe Internet use is crucial.
2010-09-16
2010-09-16
2010
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15310
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/519412019-02-07T17:41:31Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Tasuline veebisisu maakonnalehtedes: strateegiad, praktikad ja lugejate kogemused ning ootused
Kula, Kertu
Himma-Kadakas, Marju, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
Magistritöö „Tasuline veebisisu maakonnalehtedes: strateegiad, praktikad ja lugejate kogemused
ning ootused“ eesmärgiks oli teada saada, millist sisu maksustavad kolm maakonnalehte (Meie
Maa, Tartu Postimees ja Virumaa Teataja) oma veebiväljaandes ning millised on peatoimetajate
strateegiad nende valikute taga. Oluline osa uuringust keskendus ajalehetegijate intervjuude
analüüsile ning 45 kohaliku lehelugeja kogemusele maksustatud veebisisuga ning nende
motivatsioonile kohaliku ajalehesisu eest maksta.
Uuringute läbiviimiseks tegin esialgu kõigi kolme maakonnalehe veebikeskkonnas vaatluse, milles
jälgisin nädala jooksul, millist sisu kohalikud lehed maksustavad ja millist mitte. Seejärel viisin
kolme maakonnalehe ajalehetegijatega ning ASi Ühinenud Ajalehed nõukogu liikmega läbi
süvaintervjuud, milles uurisin, mille alusel otsustakse maakonnalehtedes, millist sisu maksustatakse
ning kuidas tasulist veebisisu lugejatele proovitakse müüa. Viimaks viisin Saaremaal, Tartumaal ja
Lääne-Virumaal läbi kahes erinevas vanusegrupis läbi kokku kuus fookusgrupi intervjuud, et teada
saada, kuidas kohalikud lugejad maksustatud veebisisu vastu võtavad.
Uuringutest tuli välja, et kolmes maakonnalehes toimitakse maksustamisel natukene erinevalt. Kui
valdavalt tõid peatoimetajad välja, et veebis on maksumüüri taga enamasti paberlehes ilmunud lood,
siis Saaremaa maakonnaleht Meie Maa arvestab lugude maksustamisel veel väga suurel määral
konkurendi, teise Saaremaa maakonnalehe Saarte Häälega, mis uudiseid veebikeskkonnas ei
maksusta. Seega peab Meie Maa Tartu Postimehest ja Virumaa Teatajast palju rohkem analüüsima,
mida maksustada ja kas uudised, millest kirjutatakse on piisavalt eksklusiivsed, et konkurent samast
teemast ei kirjuta. Konkurendi olemasolu on ka oluline põhjus, mida tõid fookusgrupi respondendid
välja, miks ei olda nõus veebiuudiste eest maksma.
Kõige rohkem on tasulist sisu Virumaa Teataja veebilehel. Kuigi väljaande peatoimetaja tõi välja, et
reeglina maksustab toimetus originaalloomingut ja tasuta on operatiivsed uudised ja pressiteated,
siis praktikas ilmnes vastuolu. Vaatlusalusel perioodil võis märgata, et Virumaa Teataja veebilehel
olid maksustatud samuti uudised, mis olid, kas politsei ööpäeva informatsioon või avalik teave.
Uuringust selgus veel, et ajalehtede peatoimetajad arvestavad eelkõige paberlehe lugejatega ning
online-uudistele lisaväärtusi väga palju ei loo, kuigi leidsid, et seda võiks palju rohkem teha.
Peamiseks põhjuseks toodi ressursi puudus. Küll aga muudetakse ja täiendatakse veebis uudiste
pealkirju, et neid lugejatele atraktiivsemaks muuta, mis lehetegijate sõnul mõjutab loetavust. Magistritöö tulemuste põhjal võib välja tuua, et kohalike lugejate motivatsioon tasuliste uudiste
ostmisel on väga madal. Üksikud respondendid olid kohalikke maksustatud uudiseid ostnud ja
põhjuseks oli enamasti uudise seos sõprade ja tuttavate või tööga. Respondentide seas oli nii neid
lehelugejaid, kes olid maksmisel pettunud, sest uudis ei vastanud ootustele kui ka inimesi, kelle
jaoks oli sisu ootuspärane ning ei välistanud, et tulevikus on vajadusel valmis tasulise veebisisu eest
maksma.
Peamised põhjused, miks ei ole kohalikud lehelugejad nõus tasulise veebisisu eest maksma olid
sarnaste uudiste kättesaadavus muudest allikatest, kohalik uudis pole piisavalt väärtuslik, paberlehe
ostmise eelistamine ning võimalus tööl või raamatukogus perioodikat lugeda. Lisaks leidsid mitmed
respondendid, et kui maksmine ei käi paari hiireklikiga, siis nad pigem loobuvad.
Uuringu tulemusi kokku võttes võib välja tuua, et olukorras, kus üha rohkem veebiväljaandeid oma
sisu maksustab, kuid lugejad otsivad jätkuvalt alternatiive, kuidas uudiseid saaks tasuta lugeda,
tuleks meediaväljaannete omanikel või peatoimetajatel rohkem analüüsida, mida maksumüüriga
kaitsta ja mida mitte. Lisaks mõelda, kuidas luua online-uudistele lisaväärtuseid, et lugejad võiksid
kaaluda maksmist. Selge on see, et päevauudiseid leiavad lugejad ka teiste kanalite kaudu, kuid
leian, et maksustatud uudiste ostmise senist kogemust analüüsides leiaksid lehetegijad teemasid,
mille vastu lugejad tunnevad suuremat huvi ning saavad maksustamisel ja kirjutamisel oluliselt
arvestada.
2016-06-20
2016-06-20
2016
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/51941
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/467602019-02-07T17:16:18Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Veebiajakirjanduse žanrite tunnused ja meediumi iseärasused Eesti veebiväljaannetes
Laine, Martin
Himma-Kadakas, Marju, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
Bakalaureusetöö "Veebiajakirjandusžanrite tunnused ja meediumi iseärasused Eesti veebiväljaannetes" keskendub eelkõige Eesti veebiajakirjanduse uurimisele meediumile omaste ja ajakirjandusele traditsiooniliste tunnuste kaudu. Tegu on Eesti veebiajakirjandust kirjeldava tööga. Töö eesmärk oli analüüsida 400 artiklit portaalidest Uudised.ERR, Postimees, Delfi ja Õhtuleht, et saada aimu Eesti veebimeedia omapäradest ja žanritunnustest. Veebimeedia iseärasuste tõttu on alus eeldada, et internetimeediumi iseloom muudab ka ajakirjanduslikke tekste. Sealhulgas on alust arvata, et muutunud on ajakirjanike roll ning ajakirjanduse funktsioon veebis. Seetõttu pean vajalikuks nende tekstide analüüsi ja iseloomustamist. Leian, et loodud kodeerimisjuhend võimaldas luua fokusseeritud ja kategoriseeritud analüüsi Eesti veebitekstide žanri- ja meediumiomaduste kohta. Samuti sai võrrelda nii väljaandeid omavahel. Analüüsi tulemusena võin väita, et Eesti veebiajakirjanduses domineerivad lühikesed lood, millel on narratiivi raske määratleda. Struktuurilt on need lood tihti lühikesed pööratud püramiidid ja tihti ei võta loos sõna ükski inimene. Väga levinud on ka ühe inimallikaga lood. See tähendab seda, et tihti on artikli allikas valmistöödeldud info. Seda näitas ka asjaolu, et suurim osa artiklite infost oli refereeritud teistest veebiväljaannetest. Olenemata sellest, et veebiajakirjaniku töömeetod peab olema kiirem ja intensiivsem, siis struktuur suurelt jaolt klassikalisest ajakirjandusest ei erine. Pigem erineb sisu ja sisukus. Olgugi, et pooled artiklid kasutasid mingil moel multimeedia formaate, siis toimetuse enda loodud multimeediat esines Eesti veebiajakirjanduses väga vähe.
Väljaanded olid paljudeski kategooriates omavahel sarnased. Suurimad erinevused tõi Uudised.ERR, mille tekstistruktuurid olid ühtlased, tekstid ise neutraalsemad ja uudisväärtusi leidus ERR portaali tekstides kõige rohkem. Õhtuleht jäi silma teistest erinevate struktuurivormide poolest. Postimees aga kasutas kõige mitmekülgsemalt multimeediat ning omatoodangu osakaal oli Postimehes suurim. Delfi ei olnud pea üheski kategoorias äärmuslik.
2015-06-09
2015-06-09
2015
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/46760
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/156132019-02-07T13:41:33Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/313072019-02-07T16:21:26Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Eratarbijate elektritarnija valimise protsess
Vikson, Timo
Vihalemm, Triin, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
Antud töö eesmärgiks oli elektrituru avamise kontekstis jälgida inimeste infotarbimist ning meediainfo mõju arusaamadele ning sealt omakorda otsuste langetamistele elektripaketi valikul või valimata jätmisel. Läbi elektriturgu ja pakette puudutava info tähelepanemise, tõlgendamise ning kasutamise otsuste tegemisel oli uuritavate meedia praktilist kasutust võimalik sedamoodi lähemalt uurida. Vaatlesin infoallikate valikut, info tõlgendamist ja põimimist erinevate praktikatega ning selle kasutamist majandusliku otsuse langetamisel (elektripaketi valimisel). Lisaks jälgisin seda, et millist rolli mängisid otsustamisprotsessis teised praktikud, muud ressursid ning kuidas seostati praktilised arusaamad üldisemate nägemustega elektrituru avamisest ning sellega kaasnevast. Selle eesmärgi täitmiseks viisin läbi uuringu viie inimesega, kes olid valitud varieeruvate tunnuste alusel, et saada objektiivsem pilt töö tulemustest. Uuringu viisin läbi kahes etapis, enne turu avanemist ning avatud turu situatsioonis, ning kogu uuring kestis 19. novembrist 2012 kuni 27. märtsini 2013, mille sees oli ka kahekuuline paus, et jätkata juba avatud turult saabunud esimeste tulemuste põhjal veebruaris. Viisin iga uuritavaga läbi kaks intervjuud ning kaks päeviku-uuringut vastavalt eelpool mainitud uuringu etappidele. Uurimuse alguses, novembri keskpaigas, olid uuritavate teadmised võrdlemisi kesised ning nendel puudus ka selgem arusaam kogu temaatikast. 10. detsembri lähenedes hakati küllaltki aktiivselt erinevat infot koguma. Üldine arusaam tegutsemiskavast oli kõigil uuritavatel ühine – oodata ja vaadata, mis vahetult enne viimast tähtaega lepingu sõlmimiseks saama hakkab. Sarnast soovitust levitas ka meedia, mis mõneti läbi selle survestas otsustama ainult elektri hinnast lähtuvalt, jättes kõrvale lepingutingimused ja muu seonduva, mis lisaks põimus ka uuritavate enda sooviga valimise protseduuri kaugemale edasi lükata. Osadel juhtudel realiseerus see alles uuel aastal. Ringles ka palju vastuolulist infot, mistõttu oli kindlaid otsuseid raske vastu võtta. Otsustamisprotsessides võis täheldada ka tuttavate ja sõprade mõju, kuid see ei saanud enamasti määravaks. Pigem tehti otsuseid meediainfo, tuttavate soovituste ja väikeste uurimistööde koosmõjul, millele lisaks arvestati ka enda võimaluste ja soovidega praktikutena. Uuringu teisel perioodil segadus turul jätkus, mida kajastas aktiivselt ka meedia, kuid vaatamata sellele olid reaalsed tulemused olemas, mille põhjal ka uuritavad said oma eelnevaid otsuseid hinnata ning muutma hakata. Kuigi meedia rääkis ka konkreetsemalt nii-öelda parimatest lahendustest, ei võetud neid siiski tõepähe, sest eelnevalt oli meedia jaganud soovitusi, mis ei pidanud päris mitmel juhul paika. Mistõttu need, kes oma otsuseid muutma tõttasid, suhtusid vastavasse sisusse kriitilisemalt ning võtsid selle pigem lähteks enda võimaluste uurimisel. Sarnaselt nendele, kes esimesel perioodil ennast mõne elektrimüüja lepinguga olid sidunud, põhinesid ka nüüd muutusi läbiviivate uuritavate otsused meediainfole, teiste praktikute kogemustele ja enda võimalustele ning omal käel läbiviidud taustauuringutele. Uuringu lõpuks oli kõikide uuritavate praktikasse juurdunud turu jälgimise oskus, mille puhul tugineti peamiselt meediainfole. Tekkis arusaam, et kuna turg on muutlik, siis uus praktika nõuab enda võimaluste hindamist ja vastavalt sellele ka aeg-ajalt valikute muutmist.
Meedias kajastatud segadusest hindade ja erinevate arvamusliidrite ebaratsionaalsetest seisukohtadest turu avamise kohta kinnistasid uuritavate arusaama turu avamise rutakusest ja kahtlastest tagamaadest. Uuritavate seas levis ka konkreetsemalt Eesti Energia negatiivne kuvand ning nii-öelda halba, mis avatud elektriturg endaga kaasa tõi, seostati tihti riikliku edasimüüjaga, sest meediakajastused Eesti Energia osas olid enamasti negatiivsed ning lisaks oli mitmel uuritaval ka esialgne arusaam Eest Energiast kui omavolitsevast monopolist. Läbi Eesti Energia poolt sisse viidud agressiivse hinnapoliitika avaldati kahtlust elektrituru avamise põhjuste üle ka riiklikul tasandil, kuna otsus turg avada tuli just sealt ning tekkis küsimus, et miks laseb riik Eesti Energial kui rahva omanduses oleval ettevõttel sellist hinnapoliitikat omaenda omanike peal rakendada. Ei välistatud ka võimalust, et selle kõige taga on kellegi soov saada pealtnäha möödapääsmatu ja hädavajaliku otsuse varjus suuremat kasu, sest Eesti Energia kui kõige suurema klientide arvuga ettevõte saab sellest otsusest tõenäoliselt kõige suuremat tulu. Samas võib öelda, et segadus ja küsimused üldisemal tasandil üritati kõrvale jätta ning erineva info põhjal taheti pigem võimalikult kasulikke otsuseid langetada. Mõisteti, et universaalseid lahendusi ei eksisteeri ja tuleb olla ise aktiivne ning oskuslikult tegutseda.
Kokkuvõtteks võib öelda, et meedial oli tähtis roll teiste praktikute teadmiste, praktilise info ja üldiste arusaamade vahendajana. See kõik mõjutas rohkemal või vähemal määral uuritavate teadmisi, arusaamu ning oskuste õppimist. Vaatamata mõningasele segadusele, aitas meedia vastu võtta edasisi otsuseid elektrienergia ostmisel, kuid ei olnud ainukeseks määravaks mõjutajaks. Kuigi uuringust selgus, et infot uue situatsiooni muutuste kohta levis küllaltki palju, siis ametlikul tasandil oleks võinud olla selgemad ja põhjalikumad seletused sellest, mis on elektrituru avamise põhjused peale eurodirektiivide täitmise ning millisel viisil on antud otsus riigile pikemas perspektiivis kasulik. Selgemalt oleks pidanud kehtestama ka reeglid edasimüüjate jaoks, et vältida segadusi elektrimüüjate hinnapoliitikates ja seeläbi tarbijate õiglustunde riivamist. Uuringust selgus, et kuigi praktiline kohanemine toimus kokkuvõttes uuritavate jaoks edukalt, siis üldisemal tasandil tekitas avatud elektriturg ikkagi arusaamatusi.
2013-06-21
2013-06-21
2013
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/31307
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/154722019-02-07T12:15:47Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Haridus- ja Teadusministeeriumi imago Tartu õpetajate seas
Kaevats, Piret
Lauristin, Marju, juhendaja
H Social Sciences (General)
bakalaureusetööd
organisatsioonid
haridus
ministeeriumid
linnavalitsused
kuvand
õpetajad
Tartu
Eesti. Haridus- ja Teadusministeerium
Up to date no special attention in Estonia has been given to public sector
organisatsion image research. It is also noted that the image of Ministry of Education
and Researches has never been scrutinised.
This researches purpose was to find out what kind of image Ministry of Education and
Research has among teachers. Works sources are questionaries and media analysis.
Questionary was handed out to 66 Tartuís highschool teatchers. 97% of the
questionaries were regained.
The theoretical part of the work deals with the basic concepts of the image, reputation
and introduces also the essentials of the public sector.
The bachelor thesis ìThe image of Ministry of Education and Research among
Tartuís schoolteachersî investigates the image of ministry in order to find out main
attributes and tendencies. Works hypothesis The image of Ministry of Education and
Research among teachers is rather bad than good was found to be true, in the result
of this research.
In result of the bachelor work came out that Ministry of Education and Research is in
teachers opinion irreverent, strange, cold, stiff and faraway. Ministry is also
considered to be useful and emergent.
42% of the respondents marked ministyís image to be bad, 25% thought it is average.
None of the respondents marked ministryís image to be very good. It was also noted
that womenís opinion about ministry is more negative than menís.
It was also found that basic information sources to teachers are newspapers and own
school directorate.
Image research gives knowledge about that, how to make public relations more
effective and how to improve, redo communication strategy.
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2005
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15472
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/64/
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/904482023-06-10T20:36:30Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Kommunikatsioonispetsialistide kaasatus organisatsioonide juhtimisse ja otsustusprotsessidesse
Rebas, Aap Andreas
Kruup, Kaspar, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
2023-06-10
2023-06-10
2023
Thesis
https://hdl.handle.net/10062/90448
est
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/156032019-02-07T13:37:24Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Valdade ühinemise diskussiooni analüüs Kuusalu ja Loksa valdade ühinemisläbirääkimiste näitel
Tamm, Kati
H Social Sciences (General)
bakalaureusetööd
Throughout years, Estonian newspapers have written a lot about administrative and territorial
reform in Estonia and in these years many local governments have united. This Bachelor’s
thesis „The analysis of the discussion of uniting parishes based on the case of Kuusalu and
Loksa parishes’ uniting negotiation” studies, how change which concurs uniting of two
parishes is perceived by the village chiefs of those parishes.
This Bachelor’s thesis’ main objective is to explain, which aspects are most important to the
village chiefs in case of uniting parishes and how they share the arguments for and against
uniting that have been published in local written media.
The theoretical and empirical basis of this thesis focuses on administrative reform, theories of
organisational change and uniting negotiation of Kuusalu and Loksa parishes’.
The second part of this thesis brings forth the results of content analysis of newspaper texts
and the results of the analysis of in-depth interviews with the village chiefs of former Kuusalu
and Loksa parishes.
It became evident from the in-depth interviews with the village chiefs that even these village
chiefs who were in favour of the uniting would have preferred to keep their parish as it was.
Besides a few positive aspects of the uniting they also saw many negative aspects of it. The
positive aspects were conjoined mostly with the economical profits of uniting and with the
profits for their villages. They also brought out more concrete positive aspects – children now
go to their own parish’s school, villages get more attention from the local authorities etc. As
for the negative aspects the village chiefs brought out mostly cognitive aspects and the size
and distance of the parish, also the feeling of losing something. The village chiefs, who still
have negative attitudes about the uniting, also feel that they and their village are endangered.
It became evident that the village chiefs agree more with the arguments published in local
written media that are for uniting than the arguments against it. Mostly, the village chiefs
shared only those arguments against the uniting published in local written media that were
brought out by common parishioners.
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2006
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15603
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/195/
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/157112019-02-07T14:28:46Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
IT-spetsialistide ja klientide omavaheline suhtlus veebilahenduste arendamise protsessis
Koppel, Tarieli
Pruulmann-Vengerfeldt, Pille, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
bakalaureusetööd
infoühiskond
Internet
infotehnoloogia
infotehnoloogid
The goal of the current research was to study communication between IT-specialists and
customers in the process of developing web solutions and identify problems in it. The
communication is the key activity in creating web projects and therefore problems in
communication are affecting the whole development process and it’s results. By
improving the quality of communication we also improve the quality of web solutions
and efficiency of creating them.
In my research I focus on three main issues: communication skills, communication
channels and uniqueness of web solutions and creating them. Those topics were chosen
on the basis of my 7-year experience in the field of internet technologies. The correct
choice of topics was proved by earlier researches, results of my research and interview
with the customer from the case-study. I used case-study, ethnography and interview as
research methods.
The results of the research corresponded to my hypothesizes. The hypothesis about
communication skills was that communication between customer and IT-specialist is not
efficient enough because customer lacks knowledge about computer terminology and
netiquette. Results showed that there can be misunderstandings between parties because
there is no agreement about temporary expressions and both sides don’t know the
specifics of their partner’s field of activity. Also the communication suffers from the
customers’ little knowledge of terminology and netiquette.
On the topic of communications channels I had the following hypothesizes:
„Communication between customer and IT-specialist may contain potential of the
conflict as both sides don’t take into consideration the style of communication that is
likely to appear by using the particular channel“ and „Customer doesn’t consider well
enough the possibilities of the channel to transfer the message“. The results backed up both hypothesizes. Customer doesn’t always consider the features of the channel and
therefore receiving of the message is obstructed. Customer’s style of computer-based
communication is different from the style that is used with traditional communication
channels and customer doesn’t acknowledge this difference.
Hypothesis about uniqueness of ordering and creating web solutions said that customer
doesn’t understand to the full the wholeness of web solution and the importance of it’s
elements. In the results it appeared that customer may not always understand the
importance and necessity of solution’s details and elements and may want to change
them.
The results were analyzed using two questions: is there anyone acting wrong in those
situations and why he is acting so? By answering to those questions I was able to find
solutions for the problems that occur in the communication between customers and IT-
specialists. In the discussion part I offer my recommendations for each topic. Most of
them are meant for IT-specialists and are oriented to be pedagogical: the task of the IT-
specialist is to educate and assist customer, listen to him and learn about him. Only this
way there can be solution for the problems that may seem not to be caused by IT-
specialist or his concern.
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2008
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15711
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/303/
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/569052019-02-07T18:15:32Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Eesti youtuber’ite eneseesitlus, auditooriumi ja privaatsuse taju
Muuli, Liisi Maria
Murumaa-Mengel, Maria, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
Intervjuud on lisatud paberkandjal tööle CD-l.
Bakalaureusetöö eesmärk oli uurida Eesti youtuber’ite eneseesitluse strateegiaid, auditooriumi tajumist ja seda, kuidas privaatsust online’is mõistetakse ja mida tehakse privaatsuse kaitsmiseks. Eesmärkide saavutamiseks kasutasin semistruktureeritud süvaintervjuude meetodit, intervjueerides kümmet Eesti youtuber’it, kes kõik postitavad eestikeelseid videoid ja omavad YouTube’i kanalil üle 7000 püsijälgija.
Kvalitatiivse temaatilise sisuanalüüsi põhjal võib öelda, et videote tegemisel kasutatakse väga mitmeid erinevaid strateegiaid ja sisuloome on läbimõeldud ja eesmärgipärane tegevus. Strateegiaid kasutatakse näiteks enese meeldivamaks presenteerimiseks, privaatsuse kaitsmiseks, auditooriumile kasvatamiseks ja eeskujuks olemiseks. Youtuber’id tegutsevad peamiselt selleks, et ennast loominguliselt väljendada ja pakkuda auditooriumile meelelahutust. Seejuures peetakse auditooriumi rolli YouTube’is tegutsemisel oluliseks ning nende tagasisidega arvestatakse pidevalt. Auditooriumile soovitakse mõjuda võimalikult iseendana, kuid samas rakendatakse enesepresenteerimise strateegiaid, et meeldivana mõjuda. Intervjueeritud youtuber’id teevad pidevalt tööd privaatsuse kaitsmiseks ja rakendavad erinevaid tehnikaid, kuid paraku on kokku puututud ebameeldivate olukordadega.
Käesoleva töö puhul on tegemist ühe esimese Eesti youtuber’eid uuriva tööga ja seetõttu on edasisi uurimissuundi palju. Töö analüüsist on näha, et online-platvormidele sisuloojad võitlevad olukordadega, milleks ei osata valmis olla ja seda huvitavam on edasi uurida edasi sellest tööst selgunud tulemusi. Samuti on mikrokuulsuste tegevuses üha enam tõusmas rahaline dimensioon, mida mina oma töös põhjalikumalt ei uurinud, kuid kindlasti tasuks seda uurida.
Tänan südamest töö juhendajat Maria Murumaa-Mengelit, kellelt sain põhjalikku tagasisidet ja palju kasulikke nõuandeid, mis aitasid kaasa bakalaureusetöö valmimisele.
2017-06-21
2017-06-21
2017
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/56905
est
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/827032022-09-27T14:01:16Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
COVID-19 vaktsiinide vandenõuteooriate narratiivne konstrueerimine Eesti sotsiaalmeedias
Martin, Kadri
Klaassen, Maia, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
2022-06-20
2022-06-20
2022
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/82703
est
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/725232021-09-13T12:39:56Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Ajakirjanike ametialased võimusuhete rollid Eesti uudistes
Närska, Ann Marii
Himma-Kadakas, Marju, juhendaja
Beilmann, Mai, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
meedia
ajakirjanikud
rollid (sotsiol.)
uudised
võim
Eesti
Magistritöö oli osa rahvusvahelisest uuringust nimega Journalistic Role Performance. Siinse töö eesmärgiks oli uurida Eesti uudistes ajakirjanduslike rollide, nagu lojaalne vahendaja ja valvekoer, esinemise seotust uudisteemade ja väljaannetega trüki- veebi-, tele ja raadioajakirjanduses.
Uurimisküsimustele vastamiseks kasutati andmete analüüsimiseks standardiseeritud kontentanalüüsi. Rahvusvahelise projekti juhistest tulenevalt kasutati valimi moodustamisel Stevensoni ehk konstrueeritud nädala meetodit ning terve 2020. aasta jooksul koguti kahe konstrueeritud nädala raames kokku 2409 uudislugu, mis hiljem kodeerimistabeli järgi kodeeriti.
Analüüsist selgus, et Eesti uudisisus esines valvekoera rolli enim riigivõimu ning politsei ja kuritegevusega seotud teemalistes uudistes. Lojaalse vahendaja rolli esines kõige rohkem sporditeemalistes uudistes, aga ka kultuuriuudistes. Seoses Covid-19 uudislugudega võivad tulemused viidata lojaalse vahendaja rolli varjatud esinemisele. Allikate puhul oli näha, kuidas niigi kõige populaarsemad riiklikud ja poliitilised allikad, olid Covid-19 uudislugudes veelgi tihedamini kasutatud ning neid leidus Covid-19 uudistes pea pooltes uudistes. Samal ajal kui näiteks tervishoiu taustaga allikaid kasutati lugudes vaid igas kuuendas Covid-19 teemalises uudises.
Valvekoera rolli esines väljaannetest enim Eesti Päevalehes, “Seitsmeste” uudistesaates ja Õhtulehes ja ERRi raadiosaates “Päevakaja”, kus rolli esineb üle pooltes lugudes. Platvormide lõikes esines valvekoera rolli kõige rohkem ajalehtedes ning kõige vähem veebiuudistes. Lojaalse vahendaja rolli esines enim Postimehe ja Eesti Päevalehe uudislugudes. Platvormide lõikes esines lojaalse vahendaja rolli enim ajalehtedes ning kõige vähem raadios.
Seosed eliitidega olid valvekoera rolli puhul kõige tugevamad poliitilise eliidiga ning enim esines seoseid Eesti Päevalehes, Postimehes ja “Päevakajas”. Ärieliidi suhtes on kõige kriitilisemad delfi.ee portaali ajakirjanikud. Kultuurieliidi puhul on kõige rohkem on valvekoerarolli seotust esinenud Õhtulehes.
Lojaalse vahendaja rolli esines seoses poliitilise eliidiga pigem vähe. Enim “Seitsmestes”, “Reporteris”, “Aktuaalses kaameras”, mis on kõik teleplatvormid. Äri- ja majanduseliidi ja lojaalse vahendaja rolli seosed olid kõige tihedamad “Reporteris”. Kõige rohkem on lojaalse vahendaja roll seotud väljaannetes kultuurieliidiga. Enim kiidavad ja toetavad kultuurieliiti Õhtuleht ning Postimees ning neile järgneb üsna väikse vahega Eesti Päevaleht.
Eestis on valimisse kuulunud uudislood kirjutanud ajakirjanikud võimukauged, sest võimusuhete osas on valvekoera rolli märkimisväärselt rohkem esindatud kui lojaalset vahendajat. See kinnitab ka põhja klastrile omast madalat poliitilist parallelismi, kuhu Eesti kuulub. Toetav on Eesti uudissisu kultuuri ja spordi suhtes.
2021-06-16
2021-06-16
2021
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/72523
est
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/824642022-09-27T14:34:04Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Autentsus, kaasatus ja žanr taskuhäälingute analüüsimise alusena
Peedumäe, Romet
Himma-Kadakas, Marju, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
2022-06-10
2022-06-10
2022
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/82464
est
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/469242019-02-07T17:31:41Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Noorte meeste pidutsemispraktikate ümberkujundamine veeohutusest lähtuvalt
Trink, Evelin
Vihalemm, Triin, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
Uppumine on suviti üks sagedasemaid elu kaotamise viise ning nii Eesti kui muu maailma statistikat arvestades ohustab uppumine tunduvalt rohkem mehi kui naisi. Oluline on mõista, et uppumissurmad on suures, kui mitte täies ulatuses ärahoitavad ning siin on oluline panus just neil, kes veekogu ääres koos puhkavad või pidu peavad. Magistritöö eesmärk oli uurida, kuidas just noored mehed veekogude ääres pidusid peavad ja puhkavad ning selle teadmise pinnalt luua ettepanekud, kuidas muuta puhkamise- ja peopidamise praktikad ohutumaks ning veeõnnetusi mitte soosivaks.
Selleks, et mõista, kuidas erinevad puhkuse- ja peopidamise praktikad koos eksisteerivad ja kuidas erinevad tegevused veeõnnetuseni viivad, kasutasin info kogumiseks erinevad kvantitatiivseid ja kvalitatiivseid uurimismeetodeid. Kvantitatiivsetest meetoditest kasutasin ankeetküsitlust, mis andis teadmise, kuidas hinnatakse ohutusvarustust ja mil moel suhtutakse kaaslaste purjus peaga vettemineku jälgimisse ning takistamisse. Kvalitatiivsetest uurimisviisidest andis fookusgrupp sisendi, kuidas eksisteerivad olemasolevad jälgimise- ja takistamispraktikad veeäärsetes pidudes, lisaks kirjutasid kümme noort meest etteantud juhendi abil blogi.
Tulemused olid huvitavad, sest pidude pidamisel kasutatakse alkoholi tarbimisel erinevaid pehmendus ja vähendusstrateegiaid, mistõttu lahja alkoholi joomist ei peeta joomiseks vaid muude suviste tegevuste kõrvaltegevuseks. Samuti eksisteerivad mitmed ohutuspraktikad, kuid seda kokkuleppimata ja juhuslikult, mistõttu tekkida võiva ohtliku olukorra märkamine on pigem juhus kui teadlik jälgimine. Samas ei ole noored mehed kaaslaste jälgimise vastu, seda peetakse üldiselt vastuvõetavaks tegevuseks, mis annab usu jälgimise- ja takistamispraktikate loomise edukusse.
Töö lõpus tehtud soovitused on ajendatud seltskondades rohkem esindatud kaine rooli eksisteerimisest, mistõttu oleks teatud tingimustel võimalik sama põhimõtet rakendada ka veeohutuses. Ohtlike olukordade puhul on tähti, et veeäärses tegevuses osalevad inimesed oskaksid ohtu ära tunda, sekkuda ja takistada, mistõttu on abstraktse tekkida võiva ohuolukorra lahendamiseks sobilikud erinevad situatsioonide kehalised läbimängimised.
Endiselt on tähtis alkoholialane teavitustöö, sest purjus peaga vetteminekul suureneb uppumisrisk ka väikese alkoholikoguse juures. Paraku ei nähta veeäärset alkoholi tarbimist kui joomist vaid kui enese jahutamist ja värskendamist, mistõttu on oluline muuta alkohol inimeses nii talle kui kaaspidutsejatele nähtavaks.
Jätkuvalt on veeohutuses mitmeid seadusandlikke võimalusi, mille abil kehtestada ohutumaid veega seotud tegevusi, üks olulisimaid on päästevesti kohustuslikuks muutmine. Samuti on oluline veeäärsete tarbimise- ja müügikohtade piiramine.
Kuigi Päästeamet tegeleb veeõnnetuste ennetamisega koostöös mitmete teiste asutustega ning on olnud oma töös edukas, on veeohutusega seotud ennetustöös kasvuruumi. Kuna viimastel aastatel on suurenenud laste uppumiste arv, soovitan uurida vanemate lastejälgimise praktikaid ning luua ettepanekud, mil viisil laste hukkumisi vähendada. Teiste inimeste elude tagamine ei ole ainult erinevate ametkondade ülesanne, suvisel peol alkoholi tarbinud kaaslaste vee ääres silmas pidamine peaks olema meie kõigi ülesanne.
2015-06-11
2015-06-11
2015
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/46924
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/467252019-02-07T17:12:37Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Eesti julgeoleku temaatika Delfi veebiuudistes 2013–2014
Eylandt, Otti
Salvet, Sander, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
Bakalaureusetöö keskendus Eesti julgeoleku temaatika uurimisele Delfi veebiuudistes 2013. aasta lõpust kuni 2014. aasta kesksuveni. Eesti julgeolek tähendas käesolevas töös välisjulgeolekut militaarvaldkonnas Balti riikide tasandil. Eesmärk oli analüüsida Kopenhaageni koolkonna julgeolekustamise teooria järgi julgeolekuohtude konstrueerimist ning lisaks kaardistada fraasi „muutunud julgeolekuolukord“ esinemist ja uurida, kas seda kasutatakse mõne teema julgeolekustamisel.
Uurimise ajendiks olid riigikaitseteemalised avaliku arvamuse uuringud, mille tulemustest ilmnes, et võrreldes eelnevate aastatega hakkasid Eesti elanikud alates 2014. aasta märtsist pidama ulatuslikku sõjalist rünnakut Eesti vastu märgatavalt tõenäolisemaks (Avalik... , 2014: 21). Lisaks Ukraina ja Venemaa konfliktile on sõjahirmu kasvamise põhjusena nähtud ka ajakirjanduses paisunud tormi.
Tulemustest selgus, et julgeolekustatud teemadest kerkisid esile Kesk-Aafrika Vabariigi missioon ning Venemaa teema. Esimeses julgeolekustati Eesti osalemist välismissioonil, teises liitlasvägede kohaloleku suurendamist Eestis ja Balti riikides. Julgeolekuohtude konstrueerimisel Delfi veebiuudistes domineerisid vaatlusalusel ajal Eesti, USA ja EL-i poliitikud ning riigitegelased. Fraasi „muutunud julgeolekuolukord“ ja Venemaa teemal julgeolekustamine esinesid koos keskmiselt igas kolmandas julgeolekustatud artiklis.
Uurimistöö esimeses peatükis kirjeldati bakalaureusetöö jaoks olulisi teoreetilisi ja empiirilisi lähtekohti, mille käigus tehti põgus ülevaade rahvusvahelise julgeoleku uuringute kujunemisest ning Kopenhaageni koolkonna panusest sellesse valdkonda, samuti selgitati julgeolekustamise kontseptsiooni. Lisaks esitati lühiülevaade varasematest julgeolekustamise teooria rakendamistest ning kirjeldati Eesti julgeoleku käsitlust käesolevas töös. Teises peatükis esitleti püstitatud uurimisküsimusi. Kolmandas peatükis tutvustati valimi moodustamise põhimõtteid, kirjeldati meetodit ning toodi näiteid kodeerimisjuhendi kategooriatele vastamisest ja võimalikest mitmeti tõlgendatavatest konstruktsioonidest. Töö neljandas peatükis vastati uurimisküsimustele, mida illustreeriti joonise ja tabelitega. Viiendas peatükis arutleti vabas vormis töö tulemuste, puuduste ja edasiste uurimisvõimaluste üle.
2015-06-08
2015-06-08
2015
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/46725
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/180252019-02-07T11:35:29Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Algklassilaste meediatarbimise harjumused: õpetajate vaatenurk
Rooste, Kädli
Siibak, Andra, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
”Media use habits of primary school children: teachers perspective” Key words: media use habits, media effects, primary school children and teachers, screen media, communication, mediation. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to find out teachers` perspective about media use habits of primary school children. In addition, the author aimed to find out teachers perceptions about possible media influences on children and to study, if teachers have noticed the implications of childrens` media use also in their everyday life, school-settings in particular. The research also studied how primary school teachers evaluate medias` possible influence on childrens` behavior, communication and studies. Among other things, the author studied how teachers see their own role in childrens` media use, how teachers use media content in school and guide childrens` media use. The author also aimed to find out how teachers evaluate parents and peers role in guiding childrens` media use. In the first chapter of the thesis, the author gave a theoretical overview about childrens` cognitive development related to media use, and dwelled upon the general media use habits of children. Furthermore, possible media influence and role on a child is discussed, and the role of important others in mediating childrens` media use is described. In addition, the theoretical chapter ends with a short overview about media use in schools. The empirical part of the study is based on two semi-structured focus group interviews with primary school teachers in Saue Gymnasium (N=4) and in Kiili Gymnasium (N=5). The data collected from the interviews were analyzed using the method of qualitative content analyses. The results, analyses, conclusions and discussion drawn from the focus group interviews are shown in four main chapters of the study. The analyses brought about the following results. Primary school teachers who took part in the focus groups have an opinion that children are active media users and they mainly prefer to use screen media. According to the perception of primary school teachers, different programs and movies directed to adult viewers are also the
TV programs the primary school children are most often interested in viewing. Teachers presume that childrens` computer use is mainly oriented to communication and playing. Focus group discussion with teachers also led to the assumption that various social networking sites are not just leisure time activity for children, but have become an important social world for them. From the conversations with teachers occurred, that the implications of childrens` media use can also be seen in the everyday school settings. Implications of media use can be seen mostly in childrens` games and phraseology. As positive implications, teachers see kids imitating various television shows or competition-shows in their games. Teachers consider these kind of games positive, as they assume that kids learn through imitating. Teachers consider violent behavior and foul-language as negative implications from the media use. Furthermore, teachers believe that multi-tasking may cause troubles in paying attention and concentrating. Primary school teachers do not think they have a notable role in shaping childrens` media habits. Teachers use media willingly in lessons, but usually with the wrong purpose in mind. Teachers use media to make lessons more attractive and interesting, not to teach children how to use media critically. On the other hand, teachers believe that parents have a considerable role in guiding childrens` media use. However, teachers are in opinion that parents mediate childrens` media use mainly through restrictive mediation way, supervising mainly the time spent in front of the computer or TV. On lesser occasions, parents try to keep child away from possibly harmful content. Teachers consider, that in addition to parents, childrens` media use is also mediated by peers, as teachers had noted that it is very important for children to use the same kind of media as their peers use. Due to the limited sample of this paper, it is not possible to make an overall conclusions about childrens` media use habits. Although, it can be seen from the teachers point of view, that changes in kids media use habits run along with changes in media and mediums. In the time of continuous interactive media flow, it is comprehensible that childrens` media use habits are also becoming more interactive. Nevertheless, it is important to keep in mind, that although children are very active media users, they still may not understand everything they witness. That is way, it is important that child would have someone, a parent or a teacher, who would explain media content and develop his/hers media literacy skills.
In the future, it would be interesting to study more thoroughly childrens` use of social networking sites, especially how their relations format and develop in online settings. The latter would be interesting as the research at hand shows, that primary school teachers have perceived that children often dispute and make up in online platforms.
2011-07-13
2011-07-13
2011
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/18025
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/153362019-02-07T12:25:58Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Lasteajakiri Hea Laps ja tema lugejad
Oja, Liis
Vihalemm, Peeter, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
bakalaureusetööd
meedia
meediakasutus
auditoorium (meedia)
trükiajakirjandus
ajakirjad
lasteajakirjad
lugemine
lugemisoskus
Hea Laps (ajakiri)
This study thesis “Children magazine “Hea Laps” and its readers” examines the content of “Hea Laps” in 2009. The main purpose of this work was to find out the magazines content and also its readers opinions. The first part of the thesis describes empirical and theoretical starting points: development of “Hea Laps” since 1994 until today, brief overview about currently appearing Estonian children magazines, description of children development steps, describes children and reading in general and a short overview about previous magazine studies. The second part of the thesis explains and justifies methods and selection of the thesis. The used methods were content analysis, test poll and interview. The third part presents the resultant and the fourth part consists of discussion and conclusions. This work showed that short genres dominate the magazine “Hea Laps”. In addition the thesis showed that many articles were written by children themselves – even younger children and also teenagers. In the magazine “Hea Laps” most of the articles were entertaining and most of the articles were intended equally for both boys and girls, and children of all ages. It also showed that the content of “Hea Laps” is interesting and readers like it. Also the reading habits of boys and girls were compared in this thesis. The major difference was that boys like more stories with adventures and excitement. Girls, however, prefer a princess and love stories. The second comparison was between small and regular school pupils reading habits, which showed that big school pupils read through most of the magazine then small school students only read about half of the articles. If until now it has been suggested that children read relatively little, then this thesis showed that reality is not so bad. Quite a number of fifth graders read the magazine “Hea Laps” and they truly like it. Also the conducted interviews showed that children really like to read despite the fact that mostly kids spend their time in the internet, they still find the time to read.
Furthermore the thesis showed, that basic needs what the readers of "Hea Laps" are trying to fulfill are the need to acquire information and knowledge, the need for social cohesion, the need for entertainment, the need to express their creativity and the need to obtain advice for everyday life. The thesis showed, that "Hea Laps" has relatively well-fulfilled those expectations.
2010-09-27
2010-09-27
2010
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15336
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/156172019-02-07T13:44:07Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Eesti Raadio regionaalstuudio ajakirjandusliku produktsiooni mitmekesisus (Tartu stuudio näitel)
Kelt, Toomas
Harro-Loit, Halliki, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni osakond
H Social Sciences (General)
bakalaureusetööd
meedia
ringhääling
raadio
raadiojaamad
kohalik raadio
kohalik ajakirjandus
Eesti Raadio
Tartu
The present bachelor's/graduation thesis (The diversity of journalistic production in a local
studio of Estonian Broadcasting Company) (Tartu Studio); expands upon the diversity of the
public broadcasting. Diversity is considered the most critical characteristic in evaluating the
quality of the public broadcasting.
This study is based on the one week's analysis of the journalistic production of Tartu Studio;
data is analysed on content method, interviews were carried out with editors of the EBC Tartu
Studio.
In the week under observation (19 - 22 April 2007) in Tartu Studio 84 different issues in 105
different journalistic stories were handled. The difference between the number of issues and
discussions comes up due to the fact that one issue was discussed in several stories. It turned
out from the analysis that dominant themes are about culture, dominant presenters are from
the same field and preferred genres are short news and news stories. These results show
certain one-sidedness which does not harmonise with the concept of public broadcasting.
Relying to the interviews with editors in Tartu Studio, one can draw conclusions that there are
certain routine ways used by journalists to choose issues and presenters. The main sources for
choosing themes and presenters are press releases. It shows though that the journalistic
production can be influenced to a certain extent as press releases always represent interests of
some organizations, groups etc.
At the same time the journalists of Tartu Studio lack resources (mostly time and also finances)
to enrich journalistic content by different issues from across the area of Tartu Studio (South
Estonia) equally. The lack of resources also hinders them from using different intensive
genres (reportage, feature etc).
Using press releases as routine sources makes the choice of presenters monotonous. The
analysis of the observed week showed that the representatives of different groups
(handicapped people, senior citizens, students) were not asked for the opinion. At the same
time the officials and people from the cultural fields had the opportunity to express their
opinion.
In conclusion one can say that although the journalists of Tartu Studio admit the necessity of
diversity in public broadcasting system, they cannot put it fully into practice.
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2007
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15617
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/209/
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/156992019-02-07T19:44:57Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304col_10062_15408
Uudistemagasin kui sotsiaalne ressurss teismelistele. Kvalitatiivne uurimus telesaate „Reporter” retseptsioonist
Veidenbaum, Kristina
Harro-Loit, Halliki, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni osakond
H Social Sciences (General)
The aim of the present MA thesis “The news magazine as a social resource for teenagers.
A qualitative study about the reception of the television news programme “Reporter””is
to investigate the news reception of Estonian teenagers. The research object is complex,
consisting of the following components:
• television as the channel presenting the audiovisual text;
• the news genre and the other stories of the news magazine;
• teenage children as recipients.
The research questions are the following:
• To which extent do the stories of the news magazine function as cohesive and
integral audiovisual text for children, and in which cases and for what reasons do
children notice only single fragments of picture or sound?
• What are the factors that create meaning and cause distancing for the children
during the reception of the news magazine?
• To what extent can a news programme be considered as a social resource for
teenagers?
The novelty of the research focus of the thesis determined the necessity for developing a
methodology for acquiring as extensive results as possible for the research problems at
hand. It had to be taken into consideration that the reception and interpretation of a
television programme can be perceived as a continuous interaction between the viewer
and the programme. What I thus meant by the efficiency of the chosen method is that its
results clarify how the reception and interpretation of the stories has been influenced by
the content of the news programme, on the one hand, and by the experiential background
of the viewers themselves, on the other hand, as well as by the interaction between the
two. It was therefore necessary to analyse the stories of the news magazine and their
audiovisual composition, as well as their reception by teenagers.
In order to achieve a greater reliability of the method, I decided on combining methods.
The aim of the pilot research was to observe the efficiency of the ethnographic
observation and the in-depth interview with regard to eliciting the empirical material. As
a result I saw the need for additional methods. Trying out and combining different
methods during the research process, I developed a complex method, which consists of
the following components:
• Formation of groups for the reception research
• The recording of the news magazine “Reporter” and the selection of stories
according to certain criteria
• Ethnographic observation of the viewing situation – as a video recording
• Filling in the scales of comprehensibility and interest
• Focus group interview
• Written account of three most memorable stories
• Detailed transcription of the audiovisual text of the stories of the news magazine
and the observation situation
• Detailed qualitative content analysis of the collected texts. Linguistic method.
In the reception analysis I relied mostly on Jensen’s system of text categories and the
theory of super-themes, and on Höijer’s perception of cognitive schemes. For the analysis
of the mutual coherence of the audio and visual texts of the news magazine I also
employed the semiotic approach.
Finally I drew conclusions as to the extent to which the video stories functioned as a
social resource for the children, and provided evaluation about the developed
methodology for the purpose of studying the field at hand.
The more important conclusions with regard to the reception of each story, proceeding
from the reception analysis, would be the following:
• From the “Bronze Soldier” story the children adopted the conflict framing, and during
interpreting made use of the super-themes of “physical conflict” and “Estonian-
Russian friction (in a historical sense)”.
• The reception of the “Traffic Accident” clearly showed dramatic shortcomings in the
news text, where the foregrounding of only one party of the accident created
misconceptions and above all activated the employment of person schemes during
interpreting the sole actor. The children used the super-theme of “traffic accidents”
and withdrew from the content of the story to the private or media sphere.
• “The distribution of portfolios” was positioned into the context of the super-theme of
“elections” as a follow-up news item. As a social resource the news story served a
very superficial purpose.
• The interpretation of the “Kayak Story” reveals the emerging of schemes related to
the extraordinary event and the person performing it. Through the “Kayak Story” the
children reinforced their national pride and the identity of a uniform interpretive
community due to the remarkable achievement of an Estonian man.
• Interpreting the “Tourism Farm”, the children did not use the cognitive schemes
which would have provided meaning for the content-related themes of the story, and
perceived the story within more general super-themes.
• The reception of “”Reporter” in India” provided evidence in support of the fact that
themes which are emphasised both visually and audibly are better remembered and
create meaning. The usage of familiar cognitive schemes helped to better reinforce
the story or its certain parts in memory – it enabled the girls to remember the story
better.
• “Fake photos of celebrities” above all activated the usage of person schemes, but also
of event and role schemes. The story complemented children’s experiential base with
instructions regarding a more critical reading of the reality constructed by journalists.
Using the selected complex of methods was generally efficient, because it enabled to see
how the interpretation of the stories was influenced by the audiovisual text of the story,
on the one hand, and by the experiential background of the recipients themselves, on the
other hand, as well as by the interaction created between the two. The complex usage of
methods helped to increase the reliability of the collected empirical material – the results
of one method provided supportive information for the results acquired with other methods. Using the selected methodology, I received clear data as to the parts of which stories carry a meaning for children and what these meanings are; why children distance
themselves from certain themes and in which cases can a news programme be conceived
as a social resource for teenagers.
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2007
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15699
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/291/
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/520392019-02-07T17:53:30Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Uuriva ajakirjanduse, kollase ajakirjanduse ning skandaali tunnused Bonnieri preemia võidutöödes aastatel 2005-2015
Salamäe, Kadri
Ivask, Signe, juhendaja
Harro-Loit, Halliki, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
Uuriva ajakirjanduse lugude puhul tunnustatakse iseseisvat pikaajalist uurimistööd
ning ühiskondlike protsesside käivitumist. Eesti Bonnieri preemia võitnud lugusid
peetakse Eesti uuriva ajakirjanduse koorekihiks. Ometi esineb tunnustatud lugudes ka
sensatsioonilisust ning hinnangulisust, tunnuseid, mis võivad loo juures tekitada
läbipaistmatuse tunde.
Käesoleva bakalaureusetöö peamine eesmärk oli otsida uuriva ajakirjanduse, kollase
ajakirjanduse ja skandaali tunnuseid Bonnieri preemia võiduartiklitest aastatel 2005-
2015, et selgitada välja, milliseid tunnuseid esineb nimetatud artiklites kõige rohkem.
Bakalaureusetöö teooria osas koondasin kokku uurivat, kollast ajakirjandust ja
skandaali iseloomustavad tunnused.
Analüüsi aluseks oli teooria põhjal loodud tabel uuriva ajakirjanduse, kollase
ajakirjanduse ning skandaali tunnustest, millest töötasin välja kodeerimistabeli. Töö
empiirilises osas parandasin kodeerimistabelit ning täiendasin seda bakalaureusetöö
valmimise käigus. Valminud tabeli alusel analüüsisin kontentanalüüsi meetodil
Bonnieri preemia võiduartikleid aastatel 2005–2015 ning kõrvutasin
kodeerimistulemused kvalitatiivse sisuanalüüsi meetodil nelja Bonnieri preemia
žüriiliikmega teostatud ekspertintervjuude tulemustega. Töö käigus tekkis ka kolme
nimetatud kategooria väliseid koode, mille põhjal iseloomustada Bonnieri preemiaga
pälvatud artikleid.
Bakalaureusetöö tulemustest lähtudes esines Bonnieri preemia võidulugudes kõige
rohkem kollase ajakirjanduse tunnuseid: sensatsioonilist ja moraliseerivat narratiivi.
Niisamuti olid lugudes ülekaalukalt esindatud ka emotsionaalse laenguga sõnad, mis
viitab sarnasusele Ameerika Ühendriikide prestiižeima pressipreemia Pulitzeri
preemia lugudega, Pulitzeri preemia lugude kirjutamisel on Wahl-Jorgenseni (2013)
sõnul samuti kasutatud kirjutamisvõtteid, millega anda lugu edasi emotsionaalsemalt.
Uuriva ajakirjanduse tunnuste osas Bonnieri preemia töödes esines lugudes
ajakirjanike iseseisvat uurimist, mida tõstsid esile nii teooria osas kasutatud autorid
kui ka žüriiliikmed ekspertintervjuudes.
Bonnieri preemia lugudes esines seega kõigi kolme ajakirjandusliigi tunnuseid. Töö
käigus parandatud ja täiendatud kodeerimistabeli järgi tuleks analüüsida veel Bonnieri
preemia võiduartikleid aastatest 1995–2004, et saada üldisem pilt ja võrrelda tunnuste
esinemist preemia pälvinud artiklites ka aastate lõikes.
Bakalaureusetöö töö valmimine poleks olnud võimalik ilma autori juhendaja Signe
Ivaski ning kaasjuhendaja Halliki Harro-Loidita. Nõuannete eest tänan töö retsensenti
Marten Juurikut ning bakalaureusetöö eelkaitsmise komisjoni. Tänan ka Bonnieri
preemia žüriiliikmeid Väino Koorbergi, Merit Koplit, Meelis Mandelit ning Sulev
Vedlerit analüüsi aluseks olnud ekspertintervjuude eest.
2016-06-21
2016-06-21
2016
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/52039
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/902452023-06-07T20:37:11Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Kuidas õigustas peaminister Kaja Kallas sotsiaalmeedias Eesti poliitikat seoses Venemaa sõjaga Ukrainas?
Avarlaid, Kätriin
Hansson, Sten, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
2023-06-07
2023-06-07
2023
Thesis
https://hdl.handle.net/10062/90245
est
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/423502019-02-07T16:50:21Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Välisuudised ja nende valmimise tagamaad Aktuaalses Kaameras ja Reporteris 2013 - 2014 aasta jooksul
Parman, Inkeri
Kõuts-Klemm, Ragne, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
2014-06-30
2014-06-30
2014
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/42350
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/520262019-02-07T17:50:35Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Kogukonna arendamine jalgpalliklubis FC Flora
Lepik, Marthi
Taur, Tiiu, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
2016-06-21
2016-06-21
2016
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/52026
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/154452019-02-07T18:36:14Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304col_10062_15408
Reklaam kui sotsiokultuuriline kommunikatsioon
Karise, Merit
Lõhmus, Maarja, juhendaja
H Social Sciences (General)
magistritööd
reklaam
turunduskommunikatsioon
kultuurisotsioloogia
reklaamisotsioloogia
diskursusanalüüs
tekstianalüüs
sotsiolingvistika
interpretatsioon
The aim of the MA thesis ‘Advertising As Sociocultural Communication’ is to provide
an introductory overview of cultural studies approach to advertising and analysing
advertising texts. Traditional Western marxist approach to advertising that was
dominant till the middle of the 1990s treated it mainly as an ever-effective ideological
force that manipulated people. Cultural studies has introduced the notion of an active
reader and opened up the horizon for studying not only the reading and consumption
practices of people, but also the practices of text production. The first chapter of the
thesis compares advertising as marketing communication and advertising as
sociocultural communication and introduces the concepts of representation, text,
meaning and the semiotic approach to communication. The second chapter provides an
overview of traditional marxist approach to advertising analysis on the axis of culture-
advertising-power, introducing the ideas Karl Marx, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Louis
Althusser, turning then to the ideas of Michel Foucault and Antonio Gramsci, which
allow new positions in approaching the relation of advertising and power. An overview
of British cultural studies and of the basic points and principles contemporary cultural
studies is provided in the end of the second chapter. The third chapter offers a map for
studying advertising as sociocultural communication based on Norman Fairclough’s
framework for critical discourse analysis. The possible research questions are suggested
at three levels: text, discursive practices and sociocultural practices. Also, a brief
overview is given about the possible research methods. The fourth chapter focuses on advertising text and discusses the similarities and differences of semiotic and discursive
approach, provides the semiotic model of Roland Barthes, model of critical layout
analysis by Gunther Kress and Theo van Leeuwen and model of critical verbal
discourse analysis by Norman Fairclough. The final, fifth chapter provides a sample
analysis of an Estonian print ad with the models of analysis introduced in the fourth
chapter.
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2002
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15445
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/37/
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/423762019-02-07T17:02:17Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Internetikasutuse sotsiaalse vahendamise praktikad 9-12-aastaste laste vanemate seas
Romanenkov, Katrin
Kalmus, Veronika, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
2014-06-30
2014-06-30
2014
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/42376
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/153222019-02-07T11:56:01Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
2009. aasta Euroopa Parlamendi valimiste meediakajastus: Eesti rahvusvahelises võrdluses
Lass, Liisu
Lauristin, Marju, juhendaja
Pullerits, Evelin, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
bakalaureusetööd
poliitiline kommunikatsioon
valimised
avalikkus
meedia
uudised
Euroopa Parlament
Euroopa Liit
Eesti
These Bachelor thesis titled The European Parliamentary Elections Media Coverage: Estonia in international comparison is a part of the pan-European overview (Media Content Analysis European Election Study 2009) of the campaign coverage based on a content analysis of three national newspapers and two television newscasts in the three weeks before the elections. To achieve the whole Estonian coverage one more Estonian newspaper Eesti Päevaleht is also included in this paper.
As the resent studies show the average support for the membership of the EU is higher than ever, however the level of attachment has fallen and citizens of the EU do not feel attached to EU. Media plays a crucial role to mediate the European dimension to the public, raise the awareness of EU`s policies etc and gives an opportunity to create solidarity.
The aim of the thesis was to find out whether the main topics of Estonian coverage regarding European Union and European Parliamentary elections could strengthen or weaken the emergence of European public sphere. Also the visibility and importance in the overall news flow. In order to place Estonian coverage in the wider context the paper also compares different country coverages regarding EU topics.
The theoretical concept is giving an overview of the different theoretical approaches about the nature of the European public sphere and its emergence. It relies on two main convergences to the public sphere. One represented by Risse who believes the European public sphere can only be accomplished on transnational level. The other by Koopmans who believes the EPS appears when national public spheres transform Europeanized.
The study found out that the Estonian news coverage about European Parliamentary elections was visible, almost one fourth of all articles were about EU or EP elections. The difference appeared in television coverage where visibility was higher in public broadcasting than on commercial. While most of election or EU stories where short and during the overall coverage period in the quantity of stories there were no culmination point.
The choice of topics in Estonian coverage puts a reflecting emphasis on the elections as a newsworthy event. Dominated topics were about domestic campaign and a wider debate about European topics was more humble. Unlike in the AIM research the EU position in the news has changed a bit and it is more often the main topic of the news story, not just mentioned as a second and third topic or background. Yet the EU topics are still seen through domestic viewpoint and European dimension is secondary.
Alike in Estonia, in other European countries the topics related to EU and/or EP elections are primarily elections- and campaign- related topics. Unlike in 2004 elections the coverage visibility did show the difference between old and new member states. And it was not possible to distinguish certain country groups according to EU topics. On the basis of campaign coverage four groups were formed. Estonia, together with different other EU countries fitted into second one, which focused on campaign coverage and different European policies.
While these Bachelor thesis is only focusing on topics regarding EU and EP elections coverage the further investigation should deepen into comparison of different outlets and mediums to bring out the differences.
2010-09-23
2010-09-23
2010
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15322
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/824652022-09-28T13:55:36Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Tartu Ülikooli kommunikatsiooni erialade õpiväljundid: vilistlaste kogemused ja arvamused
Poduškina, Alina
Taur, Tiiu, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
2022-06-10
2022-06-10
2022
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/82465
est
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/634902023-06-09T21:00:00Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Impact of GDPR on Personal Data Management - A Case Study
Väljur, Robert
Männiste, Maris, juhendaja
Tom, Jake, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
The aim of this thesis was to analyze the impact from new European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which sets new requirements for personal data management, on a real-life case study. The analysis was conducted using case study methodology on two business processes of Töötukassa: working ability assessment and working ability allowance. The existing processes were mapped using BPMN, use of sensitive data was highlighted and then the GDPR compliance was evaluated. From the results of the evaluation, possible solutions were offered to fix the compliance issues. The solutions were offered as TO-BE models and system requirements with the assessment of the impact on the current system architecture.
The results found with the analysis were positive, where the two use cases in this study were compliant with most of the articles in the GDPR. There were some non-compliance issues as well – it was found that the current logging of personal data should be encrypted and some logging should be disabled completely, to support the compliance with the data minimization principle. Töötukassa also needed to support possible queries for data subject (like personal data access requests, consent withdrawal, and data erasure) and update their consent forms with necessary information.
It is possible to extend the scope of the current thesis by increasing the cases covered in the case study and looking at all the processes within the organizations. Each process should be analyzed carefully and the whole flow of activities should be considered (both the controller and processor side). Including all the processes within Töötukassa would give a much clearer overview on all the aspects concerning the data management compliance with GDPR, for example, processes handling the data breaches and cooperation between superior authority and the organization. Additionally, from the feedback received from Töötukassa, there are additional points to re-evaluate to improve the current analysis: the need for consent for requesting medical personal data for working ability assessment and the possibility of partial erasure of the personal data when it is not needed for the purpose it was initially gathered.
2019-03-06
2019-03-06
2018
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/63490
eng
embargoedAccess
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/678442020-06-11T09:50:29Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Veebiajakirja Peegel veebidisain ja -arendus
Aug, Allan
Kõuts-Klemm, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
Magistritöö käigus valmis Tartu Ülikooli ühiskonnateaduste instituudi veebiajakirja
Peegel veebilehekülg. Praktilise kommunikatsiooniprojekti teostamise käigus
tegeles töö autor nii veebiajakirjale loovlahenduse väljatöötamise kui ka
veebilehekülje tehnilise teostusega. Sealjuures andis toimetuse tööprotsessi
jälgimine kõrvaltvaatajana autorile põhjaliku arusaama, kuidas toimib töö toimetuses
ning oli omakorda heaks sisendiks toimetuse töö protsessi efektiivsemaks
muutmisel.
Lahenduse näol on tegemist tervikliku kontseptsiooniga, mille loovlahendust saadab
teoreetiline taustsüsteem. Veebirakenduse funktsionaalsed võimalused ning
kasutatud tehnoloogiad on kaasaegse veebiarenduse mõistes igati adekvaatsed.
Valikute tegemisel on lähtutud kasutajasõbralikkusest ning tulevikutoest, sealhulgas
dokumentatsiooni ja abimaterjalide olemasolust.
Väga suurt rolli projekti õnnestumisel mängis suhtlus. Lähedane ja vahetu
kommunikatsioon tagas osapoolte parema üksteisemõistmise, mis omakorda viis
sisukamate tulemusteni. Instituudi poolne ülesandepüstitus oli piisav töö
teostamiseks, kuid see oleks saanud olla rohkem läbimõeldud ja konkreetsem.
Toimetus tegutses ühtse tervikuna ning operatiivselt, kuid mõnel juhul oleks
oodanud suuremat sekkumist ning arutelu. Kokkuvõtvalt on igal Peegli veebiajakirja
kallal töötanud osapoolel arenguvõimalusi.
Valminud platvormi elujõulisena hoidmine vajab ka edaspidi rohke töö tegemist. See
peaks endas hõlmama aktiivset arendustööd ja veelgi suuremat dialoogi, huvipoolte
vahetut arutelu ja ideede põrgatamist. Veebiajakirjal Peegel on tohutu potentsiaal
ning võimalusi selle edasiseks arendamiseks on mitmeid, mis said ka töö käigus
kaardistatud.
2020-06-11
2020-06-11
2020
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/67844
est
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/903352023-06-08T20:36:54Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Ajakirjanik väljaspool toimetust – Twitterisse postitamine ja selle reguleerimine eesti ajakirjanike seas
Tähe, Triinu
Himma-Kadakas, Marju, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
2023-06-08
2023-06-08
2023
Thesis
https://hdl.handle.net/10062/90335
est
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/606932019-02-07T18:24:51Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Sisekommunikatsioon eestikeelses organisatsioonis võõrkeelsete töötajate pilgu läbi
Uri, Mari-Liis
Taur, Tiiu, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
2018-06-14
2018-06-14
2018
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/60693
est
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ee/
openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Estonia
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/155902019-02-07T13:30:27Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Missioon ja visioon jaekaubanduses Sportland Eesti AS näitel
Türk, Karin
H Social Sciences (General)
bakalaureusetööd
The world is globalising, we are living in an information society, consumption has
acquired new content and form. Mankind has reached an era where needs and
consumption no longer have a direct connection and through acquiring things we do not
satisfy our direct needs but rather buy affiliation, status and contentment. Thus today’s
retailing organisations have an important role to play in moulding and directing
contemporary culture.
In the thesis titled “Mission and Vision in retailing – based on Sportland Eesti AS’s
example” the author examined mission and vision in retailing. A word is the simplest
way of expressing thoughts generated from feelings and the utmost chance of
amplifying them. It has been proven that word and thought have immense power,
however mission and vision are the expression of a company’s existence put into words.
The thesis’ main problems were: what are mission and vision, and how mission and
vision affect the creation of a company’s strategy, concept and sales environment,
positioning and differentiation from competitors.
Mission and vision in retailing were viewed in the context of Sportland Eesti AS.
Sportland Eesti AS is a part of Sportland International Group AS, where the subjects of
mission and vision are paid considerable attention. The author’s long-term and tight
relationship with Sportland most probably affected the distancing of the thesis but on
the other hand it provided the possibility of contrasting theory and practical processes.
The theoretical definition of mission and vision, and the connected themes played an
important role in the thesis. The author’s analysis of Sportland’s mission, vision and
values was based on a discourse analysis and in order to determine the opinions of
Estonian retailing experts on mission and vision the author conducted and expert semi
structured expert interview with them.
The thesis alternates with the theoretical, literature based approach to mission and
vision and the connected realms, phenomenon, activities etc and the author’s analysis and comments about Sportland and an overview of the opinions and citations from the
interviews conducted with the Estonian retailing experts.
In the first chapter the author gives a short overview of the Estonian retailing
development over the past fifteen years. The development found longer coverage with
the aim to find the breaking point where supply exceeded the demand. That very point
may be considered to be the moment of entering a consumer society where the success
and failure of companies is affected by different factors than before and where the
subjects of mission and vision become presumably more important. The second chapter
consisted of ponderings over the term consumer society with the help of different
authors. The author also covered the development of the Sportland store chain from
1997 to the present day and gave an overview of the company’s structure. In the last
part of the second chapter the author reviewed strategic planning. The third chapter
described the thesis methodology. In the beginning of the chapter a short overview is
given of the discourse analysis that was used to analyse Sportland’s mission, vision and
values; the choice of interviewees, interview questions and other issues connected with
the interviews were also covered. The fourth chapter is dedicated to mission and vision.
In the first part of the chapter the author gives the theoretical definition of mission, then
brings out the connections between mission and the power of word and thought and
lastly analyses the mission of Sportland. The second part of the chapter covers vision.
The chapter is concluded by the analysis of the interviews with the Estonian retailing
experts. The fifth chapter reviews organisational values and structure and sixth
positioning and its connections with mission and vision. The seventh chapter views
concept and the development of the retailing environment, and the importance of
mission and vision at that.
Based on Sportland Eesti AS it could be said that a clearly worded mission and vision
are a strong basis for the development of a retailer’s strategy, concept and the retailing
environment and the clear-sighted and meaningful organisation of daily work. It is also
clear that mission and vision aid in the differentiation from competitors. In principle all
interviewed retailing experts considered the subject of mission and vision as the general
basis for organising a company’s activities to be important, however, the opinions differed in the sense of how much the subject is paid attention to in Estonian retailing
companies and how much attention should be paid to it. Based on the development of
Sportland Eesti AS, it could be said that paying attention to those questions became
actual in 2000. Also all interviewees agreed that in the 1990s the subject of mission and
vision had no practical value in Estonia and that the importance started increasing in
2000 when competition had become tighter. All interviewees also noted that through
tightening competition also the importance of the so called softer issues becomes more
important for the comapnies.
Taking into consideration the volume of the thesis, it was not possible to cover all
aspects connected with mission and vision. The discussion included a somewhat more
thorough overview of the possible development directions of the thesis. The author was
forced to leave out marketing in retailing and its connections to mission and vision,
since the marketing subject itself is very extensive. The author also didn’t cover the
subject of mission and vision from the aspect of human resources, i.e. the
communication of the mission and vision to the organisation members and by the
members.
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2006
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15590
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/182/
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/156112019-02-07T13:40:44Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Leimi tõrjumise põhimõtted toimetustes
Arras, Kätlin
Nuust, Vallo, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni osakond
bakalaureusetööd
meedia
uus meedia
võrguväljaanded
toimetused
kommentaarid
laim
The goal of this thesis was to explore with the help of interviews and content analysis,
how do the workers of three major newspapers – Postimees, SL Õhtuleht and Eesti
Päevaleht – regard commenting and moderating. The main questions are: if, how
much, how often and on what bases do the editors remove unbecoming comments
from their commentaryrooms and what do the removed comments have in common.
The keywords of this baccalaureate thesis are “flame,” “comments,”
“commentators,” “moderators,” “moderating” and “unbecoming comments.”
Two editors from each edition, all together six people were interviewed. The
interviews were carried out at SL Õhtuleht and Postimees in the spring of 2006 and at
Eesti Päevaleht one year later. In addition two employees of Postimees answered in
writing to some additional questions. The results of the interviews showed that all
editions have their own way of approach to moderating and commentaries. For
example, the workers at SL Õhtuleht don´t regard to moderating as their first priority,
they remove as much as needed and as few as possible of the unbecoming comments.
On the other hand, Eesti Päevaleht has been paying a lot of attention to the quality of
their comments, in the beginning of 2005 they took into service the system of
registrated users and it has been quite successful at its purpose, but in May 2007 they
decided to change their commenting system open to all readers. This thesis observs
the period when only registrated users could use the benefit of commenting. For about
a year Postimees has been using the system of voluntary moderators, where readers
can become moderators and remove unbecoming comments. The editors at Postimees
and Eesti Päevaleht think that commenting has a surplus value and it should not be
taken advantage of.
The interviews also showed that online news sites do not have separate moderators,
moderating is a part of the editors everyday job and they are quite content with it. The
editors at SL Õhtuleht and Postimees check the reported comments few times during
the day and voluntary moderators at Postimees check the total flow of comments, but the editors at Eesti Päevaleht keep their eye on all of the comments. The quantity of
removed unbecoming comments depends on the actual articles, but on the average the
editors remove up to 20-30 comments per day, exept for Eesti Päevaleht, where the
maximum is five comments per day. The readers of SL Õhtuleht and Postimees use
the opportunity to report of unbecoming comments score of times during the day, but
only third of the reports are justified because people have different values and they
react differently. It also became obvious that editors use their common sense as they
remove unbecoming comments, Postimees and Eesti Päevaleht use the filter of
forbidden words, but only to some extent. If it becomes a habbit of a certain
commentator to post unbecoming comments, the editors have the oportunity of
blocking the address of that commentator. SL Õhtuleht and Postimees use that choice
only as temporary shocktherapy, but Eesti Päevaleht blocks the address permanently.
Editors think that blocking the IP-address is enough punishment for the commentators
and the police should intervene only in extreme situations, for example when a
commentator posts frequently comments that are hostile, contain deaththreats or false
information. Comments need to be monitored more closely in the case of articles that
are about death, jewes, Russia and drastic politicians.
The unbecoming comments that were removed from the online news sites during
seven days were analyzed with content analysis. The quantity of comments removed
was quite different: SL Õhtuleht removed 96, Postimees 92 and Eesti Päevaleht only 6
comments during one week. The reason for this drastic difference is that only
registered readers can comment on articles in Eesti Päevaleht and because of that they
behave much better. The results of the content analysis showed that editors removed
the unbecoming comments mostly from the Estonian news section, but Entertainment
was also popular. A lot of comments were removed from articles concerning police or
politics, local and global celebrities were also under attack. Readers prefer to use as
their alias names that are describing (gives a hint of their status, nationality, feelings,
political preferences), nicknames or proper names. The average lenght of the removed
comments was 24 words and they were mostly agressive towards the characters or the
contents of the articles.
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2007
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15611
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/203/
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/153622019-02-07T12:51:01Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
"Peace, love and unity, ühesõnaga." Subkultuuride käsitlus Eesti ja Soome peavooluajakirjanduses
Niitepõld, Sirje
Kalmus, Veronika, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
magistritööd
meedia
trükiajakirjandus
subkultuurid
breik
hip-hop
kultuuriteooria
Eesti
Soome
2010-09-28
2010-09-28
2010
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15362
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/258752019-02-07T15:59:49Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Joonisfilmi "Lotte ja kuukivi saladus" kasutamise võimalused eelkooliealiste laste meediapädevuse arendamiseks
Varblane, Siret
Ugur, Kadri, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
Keywords: children, media literacy, screen media impulses, study material.
The aim of this bachelor’s thesis “Possibilities of using animated movie “Lotte and the
Moonstone Secret” in media literacy education in preschool age” is to analyse how the
impulses of screen media reveal in preschoolers’ creative games and in other activities and
also, how the Estonian animated movie “Lotte and the Moonstone Secret” (2011) can be used
for developing the media literacy skills of preschool age children.
Researcher conducted five participant observation sessions in kindergarten and one focusgroup
interview with 6-year-old children. The animated movie “Lotte and the Moonstone
Secret” was studied using the critical viewing method to find the elements in movie, that can
be used in children’s learning process.
There were three main questions for what the research tried to answer:
How does the children’s media content reveal in preschoolers’ play and creative actions?
How does the inappropriate media content reveal in preschoolers’ creative actions and in their
overall behaviour?
How the animated movie “Lotte and the Moonstone Secret” can be used to develop the media
literacy skills of preschool age children?
The research revealed that TV has a strong impact on preschoolers’ play and creative actions.
Children like to imitate their favourite characters from TV in their play and they often use the
scenarios from TV as “frames” in their creative games. Research also showed that children
quite often imitate the negative scenarios they have seen in TV – dying in pain, violent action
scenes and fighting, big motor vehicle or train accidents etc. This means that children
experience a lot via TV they cannot fully understand yet. So they try to create better
understanding through testing out different scenarios and action models in their play, hoping
to get some feedback and validation to their actions from their playmates and adults.
Preschoolers also tend to prefer the toys which have immediate connection with TV or other
screen media (e.g. toys seen in commercials or thematic cartoon toys) and use them in their
play.
Research also showed that there are plenty of elements in the animated movie “Lotte and the
Moonstone Secret” that can be used to develop the media literacy skills of preschool age children. On this basis, a media literacy study material for preschoolers was also made.
Researcher is convinced that exercises and integrated actions in this study material could help
parents and kindergarten teachers in developing children’s media literacy skills.
2012-06-15
2012-06-15
2012
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/25875
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/159192019-02-07T12:58:10Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Töötajate arusaamad oma rollist ja töökoha kui organisatsiooni representatsioon Integratsiooni Sihtasutuse näitel
Soonik, Mart
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
magistritööd
The subject of the Master's thesis: The Employees' Understanding of their Role and the
Representation of a Job as an Organisation based on the example of the Integration
Foundation
In the given paper the author's main subject of inquiry was the answer to the question „What
is the employees' of the Integration Foundation personal role awareness like (i.e. The
understanding and expectations concerning the goals and content of their work, satisfaction
and motivation) in the context of the organisation and how is this connected to their
understanding of the role of the organisation in the society?“ through two main aspects.
The first aspect is the individuals' relation to structure or the job, which is based on the
typology by the English culturologist Margareth Archer, where she divides people into meta-,
autonomous and community reflexive and simply passive categories. According to her
metareflexive people are rather orientated towards reaching a higher cultural ideal,
autonomous reflexives wish to promote their own personal career and community reflexives
devote mostly to their home and friends and what happens at work is not so relevant for them.
Passive and the type that do not have an active attitude towards the goals of their life and
things just happen to them.
Secondly, as a basis of study the author used the organisation theories referenced in Maaja
Vadi's research and tied them to Archer's typology.
In order to perfect the theory of organisation the author looked at Garreth Morgan's
organisation metaphors, which helped characterise the contradictory roles in the Integration
Foundation. Mostly the mechanistic and „brain“ type of holographic organization were
focused on and as well were tied to Archer's typology.
The empirical material for the study was gathered by internal communication audit and later
qualitative research (focus group and in-depth interview). In addition, in some cases the
results of the external communication audit were taken into consideration.
When introducing the Integration Foundation the author analysed its goals, vision, mission,
structure and values and discovered that in belonging to several sector at a time this
organisation is most similar to the quasi-NGO (QANGO) disquisition which most common in
England. This kind of organisations in form belong to the non-profit sector, but in reality are
governed by the state and in the boards of such organisations are mostly politicians.
After that the author analysed in opposition pairs the empirical data by incorporating the
recipients' answers in the qualitative study with other studies carried out in the foundation.
Towards the end patterns of sensing a work position at the Integration Foundation were
formed where a table to be analysed was created by tables of thematic opposition pairs
according to which end of the scale the employees were placed in preceding research. 4
clearly distinct groups formed. Firstly groups A and B, who viewed the foundation as fundcentred
(group B was separate because people who belonged in this group accepted this role
of a formal cash machine). Secondly groups C and D, to whom the foundation was rather
politics-centred (group D was distinct because of a clearer sense of being a team). Thirdly
group E, which viewed the foundation as competence-centred and finally group F, to which
the Integration Foundation was a formal place of work, the role of which is not important.
From the viewpoint of independence and political influence the most important conclusion
was that those who feel a stronger political influence have, according to their own words, less
freedom and liberty of choice. This kind of situation is very negative to the metareflexive
type, but the community and autonomous type are rather more content with the foundation's
role as in reality still an agent of the government. Towards political influence and
independence group A was critical, group B more acquiescent, groups C and D understanding
and supportive.
The metareflexive type in particular connected their own motivation with the ability to say
their say in the matters. The main conclusion from the internal audit was that in the
foundation people's opinion is seldom asked, even less do employees share their opinions and
even less are their opinions taken into consideration. At the same time motivation to continue
working at the foundation was very low. A clear connection formed between these two
conclusions, which allows the author to propose that the more employees are fitted in, the
128
more motivated they feel. The least motivated were people belonging to group A and the most
people belonging to group E.
From the responses also became clear what motivates and keeps the employees working in the
foundation. For most the most important and primary thing was great colleagues. A little
fewer respondents valued the work. The most common reason for talking about work in that
case was complaining about its volume and intensity. It was then possible for the author to
divide the people who considered work the most important as autonomous reflexive and those
valuing people the most as community reflexive. Group D valued colleagues the most and
group E talked about work the most.
The liveliest discussion was brought about by the question about the employees' vision of
their role (content experts vs bureaucrats) and the role of the Integration Foundation in the
society (a mechanistic organisation orientated towards giving out money vs a competence
centre bearing the metaphor of a network creating „brain“). There was no clear sign of only
the content experts thinking of the foundation as a competence centre and the bureaucrats as a
money machine in the study, but the content experts had more expectations that the
foundation should be more of a competence centre and less a mechanic money machine. It
appears that especially the metareflexive type was discontent with their role as a bureaucrat
and the foundation as a money machine. The bureaucrats, who were in the majority, viewed
the foundation more as both a money machine and a competence centre, but they seemed
more acquiescent with the current situation. The respondents were categorised according to
Archer's typology in a way that the bureaucrats remained more in the autonomous reflexive
category and the content experts in the metareflexive.
When talking about the change in time, the recipients saw the foundation in the past as more
of a small and a „brain“ type of organisation, where they were able to deal with the content
more and for the future there was also the expectation of having more to do with content.
In the study was also included the change of employees' understanding of their job position in
case of a change in their job title. Those who preferred the name of a project manager also
valued more the role of taking the lead and responsibility and those who wished to be content
experts preferred the title of a coordinator. Quite a big proportion of the respondents were
neutral in this matter. In the light of Archer's typology the author divided the coordinators as
129
metareflexive, project managers as autonomous reflexives and the people who did not care
about their title as community reflexive.
In conclusion the author concludes that taking into consideration the controversial role of the
Integration Foundation more attention should be paid to the groups with different needs.
Among the Integration Foundation workers there is no common or dominating view of its
goals and content and the purpose of its organisation communication should be the unification
of the opposition between all the different views and integration of the different standpoints.
In addition, the author considers it important that in the mission, vision and goals of the
Integration Foundation the declared role would seem real for the employees, that work force
would be used more thoughtfully, that the motivation system, cooperation with the employees
and support services would be developed towards creating a competence centre, i.e. using
Morgan's metaphors a „brain“-type organisation.
2010-11-22
2010-11-22
2009
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15919
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/181582019-02-07T11:50:34Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Telesaadete representatsioon lasteaialaste hulgas
Kruuse, Kristiina
Vihalemm, Peeter, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
The Representation of TV Programme among Kindergarten Children“
Keywords: preschool children and television, representation, TV harm, TV opportunities, pre-school children
Children are growing up in increasingly media- and technology-rich environment. Recent studies have shown that while the popularity of new media is growing, television remains the most dominant medium among pre-schoolers (Vandewater et al., 2007: e1006; Kaiser Family Foundation 2010). According to the Estonian parents the same trend seems to be the case in Estonia as well: television is the most used medium among pre-school children, being used by 96 percent of the children (Sampo, 2010).
Despite the fact that television has become almost universal at homes and television occupies excessive amount of children`s free time, there has been done too few empirical researches considering the representation on TV programme among children. Especially the younger audience is not enough studied.
Relying on previous indicators the aim of this thesis was to examine pre-school children`s relations with television and the representation of TV programme among preschoolers.
Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 18 children aged 4-7. Half of them were from a big city Tallinn and half of them form a small town Kuressaare. To understand and interpret the results better the children`s teachers were also interviewed. In addition to that, a focus group interview with 23 Estonian kindergarten teachers was carried out to analyse their opinions and experiences regarding children`s television use.
The results indicate that television plays significant part in children’ s everyday life and kids not only watch children’ s programmes but also programmes that are targeted to adults. However, children prefer children`s programme over adult`s programme. The main threats of television that came out of the interviews with children were: 1) interrupted sleep and bad
dreams 2) fears of some characters (monsters, witches) and incidents (shooting, fire, scenes of war) 3) taking after negative and violent characters 4) children watch sometimes too serious and hard content for children to interpret 5) physical impacts on eyes and body.
From the positive sides the results indicate that: 1) children can learn vocabulary from TV shows 2) educational programmes broaden children`s mind 3) children get ideas for play and art activities from TV programmes 4) teachers can use educational videos for educating the children.
Kids themselves see only few positive effects of television and they tend to see television as harmful medium. Only the smallest children think that television is good for them because of entertainment. Children aged 5-7 consider television as bad for them, because it can harm their eyes and cause bad dreams.
Teachers observed both positive and negative features of children television viewing, but they do not categorize television as either positive or negative medium. Instead, they indicate that television plays both positive and negative roles in children’s lives depending on how much and what children watch. They suggest that children need to learn to use television as they learn every other skill in their young lives. Therefore studies that try to understand children`s media use are crucial as they provide scientific research foundation that parents, educators and child health professionals can use to guide children`s media use.
2011-07-22
2011-07-22
2011
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/18158
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/423852019-02-07T16:57:30Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Õpetajate nägemus privaatsusest sotsiaalmeedias
Räim, Sandra
Siibak, Andra, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
2014-06-30
2014-06-30
2014
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/42385
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/825012022-09-28T16:39:39Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Turundajate arusaamad algoritmidest ja algoritme puudutavad kasutamispraktikad
Värno, Christina
Männiste, Maris, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond
Tartu Ülikool. Ühiskonnateaduste instituut
algoritmid
kasutamine
turundus
arusaamine
e-turundus
2022-06-13
2022-06-13
2022
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/82501
est
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/156332019-02-07T13:49:27Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Barjäärid Interneti kasutajaks hakkamisel 45−60-aastaste meeste näitel
Päädam, Peep
Pruulmann-Vengerfeldt, Pille, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni osakond
H Social Sciences (General)
In this survey I was looking for the reasons why certain group of mid-aged men in
Estonia (in age 45−60 years) are not using Internet or barely using it. In 2002, Estonian
Informatics Centre performed a survey called „Digital Divide and The Possibilities to
Overcome it in Estonia” (EMOR, PRAXIS 2002) and it showed that one of the biggest
group of non-users (27% of the non-users) is amongst mid-aged men that have lower
education and income.
In order to get detailed info and attitude from the target group I used in-depth interviews
as an information gathering method and later analyzed performed interviews using
qualitative data analysis of the text.
Target group consisted of 8 men in age of 45 to 58 years of which three were frequent
users, three were light users and two were non-users. Each respondent was put to specific
group by his Internet usage characteristics.
In qualitative data anlysis I encoded the data to the topics and picked the quotes of each
respondents answers regarding the topic, then interpreting those quotes. Based on
gathered info I made tables with general keywords from the interviewee to give a
compact overwview of the results. At the beginning of the survey I formulated three main
questions to which the results of the study should have give the answers:
1. Why are todays non- or random users what they are?
2. What are the possibilities of transforming them to users?
3. What was the main reason todays users became users?
Based on the analysis of the previous studies regarding the subject I also formulated four
hypothesises:
1. Thanks to the development of the general economics of Estonia, fast development of
the infotechnological sector and the rapidly growing number of Internet users, the access
barrier is gone.
2. As access barrier is no longer present, the biggest obstacle is the lack of everlasting
will and habit to learn. This habit (or lack of it) is of deeply sociological origin and hard
to overcome.
3. Very important obstacle is language barrier: when user is not fluent in
English/Estonian, he/she has only limited access to Internet resources.
4. Internet access is more important to people who live outside the cities, because the
could benefit more from the services Internet provides.
Analysis of the interviews showed that todays non- or random users are such because the
lack or poor quality of Internet access. That argument is not valid in the cities though but
is furthemore important in areas outside of the cities. Estonian government is in the
middle of projects called Külatee that should give Internet access to these areas, though
so far the developments are not satisfying for countryside people. They complain about
the lack of, poor quality or non-affordable price of the Internet service. Access barrier
proved to be the most important of the obstacles at all and neither of the other two main
obstacles (habit to learn in older age and language barrier) proved so important. But,
these barriers were mentioned in interviews.
Internet access is more important to countryside people than people in cities and data
analysis showed strongly that this point is valid. Mostly because of the straight benefit of
keeping the costs lower and save time.
This study revealed that it is important to focus the attention to non-users group as there
are very few surveys done in Estonia in that matter.
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2007
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15633
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/225/
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/181042019-02-07T11:21:31Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Vasalemma valla imago kohalike õpilaste hulgas
Kaldur, Kadri
Past, Aune, juhendaja
Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond
Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
The imago of Vasalemma Parish among local students.
The purpose of this bachelor's thesis was to analyse the image of Vasalemma Parish among
local students. It was also important to find out if a good image of an area is enough to keep
young people from leaving the parish. Different methods like formalized questionnaire ,
semantic differential and an expert interview were used to conduct this inquiry.
The first part of the bachelor`s thesis focused on the theoretical basis, such as the different
definitions of image, the difference between place image and the image of an organisation and
the factors, that influence the development of an image. It also focused more on the subject of
place marketing, because it is important for place marketers to know what the target group is
thinking about a specific place.
The second part of the research introduced the methods that were used, focusing also on the
pros and cons.
The third part of the thesis explains the results of the research. It appeared, that the students
think, that the image of Vasalemma parish is positive and they like to live there.
Students described the parish through the evaluation factor as „own“, „safe“ and „open“.
It appeared on a more narrow level, that students also describe the parish with a negative
adjective „monotonous“. A difference also occurred, when the comparison was made
between classes and sexes. The students in the 7th grade saw Vasalemma in more positive
light than the older students and boys find that the parish is „monotonous“ and the girls find
that it is more „diverse“.
Young people in the general selection didn`t have an oppinion on weather they want to be
connected to Vasalemma in some way in the future or not, but when the result was compared
between Vasalemma and Ämari school, it turned out, that the students of Ämari school didn´t
want to be connected to Vasalemma in the future in any way and that they would rather live in
a city, while the students of Vasalemma school didn´t have an oppinion on the subject.
More differences occurred between the oppinions of Ämari school and Vasalemma school.
Those differences are mostly influenced by the different life environments of the students of
the two schools. For the students of Ämari school, the problems concerning Vasalemma
parish are more social and more about the general welfare of the area, while for the students
of Vasalemma school, the problems remained mainly on the youth leve.
As a result of the research, it appeared, that while the general image of Vasalemma parish is
positive, there are still some subjects that are negative. The image differs between the two
schoolt, but the difference is not as big as assumed in the hypothesis.
In the final part of the bachelor`s thesis, a few suggestions were brought out for the leaders of
the parish, so that the image of Vasalemma parish among young people would get more
positive.
2011-07-20
2011-07-20
2011
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/18104
et
Tartu Ülikool
oai:dspace.ut.ee:10062/155732019-02-07T13:19:26Zcom_10062_14983com_10062_6342col_10062_15304
Eesti Päevalehe ja Postimehe võrguväljaannete uudiste kvaliteet: Eesti uudised 2006. aasta märtsis
Nikkolo, Merili
Lauk, Epp, juhendaja
H Social Sciences (General)
bakalaureusetööd
uus meedia
võrguväljaanded
uudised
ajakirjandusžanrid
kvaliteet
The aim of the Bachelor's thesis "The quality of news in the online publications of Eesti
Päevaleht and Postimees: the news of Estonia in March 2006" was to compare the quality
of online-news of the two publications.
Under the "equality of news" it was considered whether the texts are in accordance with the
"classical" requirements of news writing: objectivity, following the criteria of news-
worthiness, correct use of sources, informativeness. Taking these requirements into
consideration the author tried to find answers to the following four research questions:
1. When comparing the online news of Postimees and Eesti Päevaleht, what kind of
differences can be detected in the criteria of news-worthiness?
2. When comparing Eesti Päevaleht and Postimees, which differences can be found
in the use and variety of sources?
3. Which differences are there in the informativeness of the news in Eesti Päevaleht
and Postimees?
4. When comparing Eesti Päevaleht and Postimees, which differences can be
detected in the following of the principles of objectivity and balance?
The method of research was content analysis combined with qualitative text analysis.
The sample consisted of the news of both publications during one week time. Altogether
the sample consisted of 199 texts.
The results showed that the texts of both of the publications were very similar in their
correspondence to the criteria of news-worthiness. This could indicate that the
newspapers have the same understanding of the formed criteria of news-worthiness.
As to the use of sources, it turned out, that only few sources are used in the news. Often
there is only one or none. However, Postimees tends to use sources more often than Eesti
Päevaleht.
Very often both publications use executives and top managers as their sources. From
among them the use of the government and Riigikogu members as sources is particularly
frequent.
When speaking about informativeness, it can be said, that the situation is rather satisfying
in both publications. The main news-questions (what, who, where, when) are provided
with answers. The questions "how" and "why" are answered more rarely.
There was a big difference in the use of photos between the two publications - there were
four times as many photos in Postimees as there were in Eesti Päevaleht.
When it comes to objectivity, it can be said, that the number of news that can be
considered neutral in tone is bigger in Eesti Päevaleht, whereas Postimees' news are more
neutral in the use of sources.
2010-10-21
2010-10-21
2006
Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15573
http://mail.jrnl.ut.ee:8080/165/
Tartu Ülikool
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