Browsing by Author "Iqbal, Mubashar, juhendaja"
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Item A Blockchain Solution for Auditing of Timber-to-Charcoal Process(Tartu Ülikool, 2021) Zubair, Muhammad; Iqbal, Mubashar, juhendaja; Milani, Fredrik Payman, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Loodus- ja täppisteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Arvutiteaduse instituutBlockchain technology is emerging not only in cryptocurrencies like bitcoin and ethereum but also expanding in other business fields. Due to its diverse nature of architecture, it can easily integrate with such environments, e.g., permissioned or permissionless, state-full or stateless. This article mainly focuses on permissioned blockchain, the hyperledger fabric, how to implement it, and how to use it to automate the audit to the timber-tocharcoal business process. In order to accomplish this study, a design science approach is selected. In this thesis, a timber-to-charcoal case study is analyzed, designed the software architecture, developed the solution using hyperledger fabric, tested and evaluated it with defined evaluation criteria. The technology stack to develop the smart contract and web services to invoke the chaincode and access the ledger is NodeJs. The final evaluation shows that hyperledger fabric is a secure, fast, and decentralized immutable ledger. In conclusion, it is a suitable approach and benefits the audit to timber-to-charcoal business process.Item Blockchain in Edge - Cloud Computing Continuum(Tartu Ülikool, 2023) Bassey, Iwada Eja; Dehury, Chinmaya Kumar, juhendaja; Iqbal, Mubashar, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Loodus- ja täppisteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Arvutiteaduse instituutIn the era of Edge Computing, Internet of Things(IoT) devices connect and communicate to create a network of objects that can collect information from the environment without human intervention. While the IoT offers many benefits, it also poses several cybersecurity risks, including the lack of detection of malicious IoT sensors, weak authorization, and authentication protocols, and insecure management of data received from IoT devices. Developing new solutions to enhance IoT sensors’ security to address these issues is crucial. One crucial challenge that requires attention is the secure management and storage of data collected from IoT devices at the Edge. Many existing solutions rely on centralized systems vulnerable to tampering and must provide reliable data traceability records. To address this challenge, this thesis proposes a blockchain-based architecture for securing and managing data collected from IoT devices. By leveraging blockchain technology, we create a distributed data storage architecture that eliminates the need for centralized network topologies. This approach offers several advantages, including immutability, decentralization, distributivity, enhanced security, transparency, instant traceability, and increased efficiency through automation. Our results demonstrate that this proposed architecture provides a high level of performance and can be used as a scalable, massive data storage solution for IoT devices using blockchain technologies. One significant advantage of this approach is that new IoT sensors can quickly be enrolled and unenrolled in our architecture without retrofitting. Our system does not depend on any specific communication protocol and can be applied to any IoT application. In summary, our proposed architecture provides a robust and secure solution for managing and storing data collected from IoT devices, thus enhancing the overall security of the IoT devices in the Edge.Item Model-Driven Engineering of Blockchain Oracles(Tartu Ülikool, 2022) Levasseur, Olivier; Iqbal, Mubashar, juhendaja; Matulevicius, Raimundas, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Loodus- ja täppisteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Arvutiteaduse instituutBlockchain is a decentralized ledger technology that provides data storage with strong integrity properties without the need for a trusted authority. Model-driven engineering is a software engineering discipline that aims at working with domain models instead of source code. Blockchain oracles are software components that can provide a communication channel between traditional off-chain applications and smart contracts. Model-driven engineering solutions have started being used to facilitate the development of blockchainbased applications through domain models. However, our literature review shows that there are limitations in the identified solutions to model blockchain oracles and that some types of oracles cannot be modeled through these solutions. In this thesis, we define a meta-model to illustrate the main concepts of the blockchain oracle domain and the relationships between them. We define a UML profile that extends the UML sequence diagram to include elements to model blockchain oracles. Our model also includes security components to provide encrypted communication with the oracles. A MagicDraw plugin is developed to implement transformation rules that automatically translate an oracle model into a standalone application. This results in a model-driven engineering solution that facilitates the modeling of secure blockchain oracles. The contribution of this thesis is evaluated based on functional and security requirements using an evaluation scenario that involves four different types of oracles interacting with an off-chain application.Item OwlParser: Parsing OWL-based Blockchain Security Ontology(Tartu Ülikool, 2022) Ristioja, Mai; Iqbal, Mubashar, juhendaja; Matulevicius, Raimundas, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Loodus- ja täppisteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Arvutiteaduse instituutOntology representations are often used in areas when the knowledge is still incoherent and there exists a need to clarify and agree on definitions, concepts and relations. Ontology representations in their written form are however difficult to comprehend and thus tools for better exploring and understanding the information contained therein are in demand. Some tools providing such functionality exist, of which Protégé is the most common. This, however, is a professional-use application which can be difficult to use for less experienced user and which also needs installation. The aim for this thesis is to develop a web-based tool for exploring ontology representations based on the security and risk management (SRM) domain model and which also provides additional features to support ontology representations about blockchain security. The developed tool named OwlParser loads OWL files from the local computer or the web, allows browsing the content of the ontology representation and provides SRM-based navigation. We hope the tool will be useful for both students as well as professionals in helping to study and explore SRM-based ontology representations.Item Securing the Bridges Between Two Worlds: A Systematic Literature Review of Blockchain Oracles Security(Tartu Ülikool, 2023) Chiarelli, Alessandro; Iqbal, Mubashar, juhendaja; Fagerholm, Fabian, juhendaja; Matulevičius, Raimundas, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Loodus- ja täppisteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Arvutiteaduse instituutBlockchain technology has paved the way for the decentralization of Internet services. It achieves this using a decentralized and distributed ledger that can withstand single points of failure. The ledger is secured through advanced cryptographic techniques and a decentralized consensus mechanism that ensures its resistance to tampering. Blockchain is a self-enclosed system, usually called on-chain world. To interact with the rest of the internet outside the blockchain (e.g., off-chain world), we need to set up interfaces to let the two worlds interact. These interfaces are called oracles. Given the role of the oracles in a blockchain system, it is paramount to design and implement them securely. We perform a systematic literature review that shows not much research is done into studying the security aspects of blockchain oracles. The research mostly focuses on the economic aspects of the oracles or on how to implement or design oracles that can benefit some specific use cases. In this thesis, we select two inbound oracles and implement them to evaluate and compare them from a security point of view. The contribution of this thesis consists of a literature review motivating the need for further research on the topic and comparing two inbound oracles, as the technique used to perform them can be extended and adjusted to other oracles as well. We also present the implementation of an outbound oracle for completeness and discuss its security properties. Furthermore, we present a novel approach that makes use of a decentralized oracle network (i.e., Chainlink) to build a system that fetches off-chain data to the blockchain and then securely retakes the data off-chain, such that there is no need to trust the oracle nodes. The technique we propose is thus blockchain and oracle agnostic and can be applied in various situations.