MAIN RESULTS
1. In the development of methods for measurement of atmospheric aerosols: an aerosol spectrometer of new generation that enables to measure particles from 3 nm in diameter; an estimate of the theoretical upper limit of the mobility resolution and a new measurement method that enables superresolution; a mathematical model of diffusion distortions in a mobility spectrometer; a new technique for calculation of the particle size spectrum on the basis of measured mobility spectrum.
2. In the study of atmospheric aerosols in Estonia: data bases of the size and mobility spectra of atmospheric aerosols that can be used in the description of the aerosol climate of Estonia; a methodology for the study of the dispersion of air particulate pollution using the time series of synchronous measurements; estimates of the representative spatial and temporal scales for aerosol measurements; a conclusion that the ground based measurements are well correlated with the content of particulate matter in the vertical column of the atmospheric boundary layer.
3. In the study of generation and growth of the atmospheric aerosols: a conclusion that the probability to carry an electric charge is often much higher than estimated according to the stationary distribution of particle charges, and new particles can arise from air ions; a model of evolution of air ions including hundreds of components and more than a thousand of reactions; a new theoretical model that explains generation of particles from gaseous sulphur dioxide and water; a measurement-founded classification and a statistical model of ions and charged particles in atmospheric air; new data about the bursts of nanometer particles in atmospheric air and about the correlation between aerosol evolution and photochemical processes; a conclusion that the atmospheric electric field is a considerable factor of dry deposition of particles and that electric field controls the distribution of deposit on the branches of plants.
4. In the study of relations between atmospheric aerosols and radiation climate in Estonia: a descriptive model of the radiation climate of Estonia including estimation of optical characteristics of atmospheric aerosols and impact of global stratospheric processes on the Estonian climate; conclusions that submicrometer particles appear as the main factor of light extinction in the situation of suppressed visibility, and that the variations of the UV radiation on the ground level are affected by the particles of sizes less than a half of micrometer.
100 SELECTED PUBLICATIONS
A. Journal papers indexed in "Current Contents"
1. Alados-Arboledas, L., Olmo, F.J., Ohvril, H.A., Teral, H., Arak, M. and Teral, K. (1997) Evolution of solar radiation effects of Mount Pinatubo at ground level. Tellus 49B, 190-198.
2. Pekkanen, J., Timonen, K.L., Ruuskanen, J., Reponen, A. and Mirme, A. (1997) Effects of ultrafine and fine particles in urban air on peak expiratory flow among children with asthmatic symptoms. J. Environ. Research 74, 24-33.
3. Hõrrak, U., Mirme.A, Salm, J., Tamm, E. and Tammet, H. (1998) Air ion measurements as a source of information about atmospheric aerosols. Atmospheric Research 46, 233-242.
4. Hõrrak, U., Salm, J. and Tammet, H. (1998) Bursts of intermediate ions in atmospheric air. J. Geophys. Res. Atmospheres 103, 13909-13915.
5. Luts, A. (1998) Temperature variation of the evolution of positive small air ions at constant relative humidity. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 60, 1739-1750.
6. Noppel, M. (1998) Binary nucleation of water-sulfuric acid system: A reexamination of the classical hydrates interaction model. J. Chem. Phys. 109, 9052-9056.
7. Tammet, H. (1998) Reduction of air ion mobility to standard conditions. J. Geophys. Res. Atmospheres 103, 13933-13937.
8. Kaasik, M., Liblik, V. and Kaasik, H. (1999) Long-term deposition patterns of airborne wastes in the North-East of Estonia. Oil Shale 16, 315-329.
9. Keevallik, S., Post, P. and Tuulik, J. (1999) European circulation patterns and meteorological situation in Estonia. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 63, 117-127.
10. Ohvril, H., Okulov, O., Teral, H. and Teral, K. (1999) The atmospheric integral transparency coefficient and the Forbes effect. Solar Energy 66, 305-317.
11. Olmo, F.J., Tovar, J., Alados-Arboledas, L., Okulov, O. and Ohvril, H.O. (1999) A comparison of ground level solar radiative effects of recent volcanic eruptions. Atmospheric Environment 33, 4589-4596.
12. Post, P. and Tuulik, J. (1999) About the relationships between Estonian weather elements and European circulation patterns. Phys. Chem. Earth (B) 24, 97-102.
13. Rizi, V., Redaelli, R., Visconti, G., Wedekind, C., Stein, B., Wille, H., Mielke, B., Rairoux, P., Woste, L., Del Guasta, M., Morandi, L., Castagnoli, F., Balestri, S., Stefanutti, L., Matthey, R., MitevV., Douard, M., Wolf, J.-P., Kyrö, E., Rummukainen, M. and Kivi, R. (1999) Trajectory studies of PSC LIDAR observations at Sodankylä (Finland) during SESAME: comparison with box model results of particle evolution. J. Atmos. Chem. 32, 165-181.
14. Stein, B., Wedekind, C., Wille, H., Immler, F., Müller, M., Wöste, L., del Guasta, M., Morandi, M., Stefanutti, L., Antonelli, A., Agostini, P., Rizi, V., Redaelli, G., Mitev, V., Matthey, R., Kivi, R. and Kyrö, E. (1999) Optical classification, existence temperatures, and coexistence of different polar stratospheric cloud types. J. Geophys. Res. Atmospheres 104, 23983-23993.
15. Tiittanen, P., Timonen, K.L., Ruuskanen, J., Mirme, A. and Pekkanen, J. (1999) Fine particulate air pollution, resuspended road dust and respiratory health among symptomatic children. European Respiratory Journal 13, 266-273.
16. Vana, M., Tamm, E. and Viil, M. (1999) Experimental study of the air pollution transport by synchronised monitoring of atmospheric aerosols. Atmospheric Environment 33, 4615-4628.
17. Hõrrak, U., Salm, J. and Tammet, H. (2000) Statistical characterization of air ion mobility spectra at Tahkuse Observatory: Classification of air ions. J. Geophys. Res. Atmospheres 105, 9291-9302.
18. Kaasik, M. (2000) Validation of models AEROFOUR and AEROPOL using the model validation kit established at Mol. Int. J. Environment and Pollution 14, 160-166.
19. Kaasik, M., Rõõm, R., R¸yset, O., Vadset, M., Sõukand, Ü., Tõugu, K. and Kaasik, H. (2000) Elemental and base anions deposition in the snow cover of north-eastern Estonia. The impact of industrial emissions. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 121, 349-366.
20. Kaasik, M. and Sõukand, Ü. (2000) Balance of alkaline and acidic pollution loads in the area affected by oil shale combustion. Oil Shale 17, 113-128.
21. Kyrö, E., Kivi, R., Turunen, T., Aulamo, H., Rudakov, V.V., Khattatov, V., MacKenzie, A.R., Chipperfield M., P., Lee A., M., Stefanutti, L. and Ravegnani, F. (2000) Ozone measurements during the Airborne Polar Experiment: aircraft instrument validation; isentropic trends; and hemispheric fields prior to the 1997 Arctic ozone depletion. J. Geophys. Res. Atmospheres 105, 14599-14611.
22. Noppel, M. (2000) Enthalpy and entropy changes in formation of gas phase sulfuric acid monohydrates and dihydrates as a result of fitting to experimental pressure data. J. Geophys. Res. Atmospheres 105, 19779-19786.
23. Salm, J. (2000) Diffusion distortions in a Differential Mobility Analyzer: The shape of apparent mobility spectrum. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 32, 602-612.
24. Tuch, Th., Mirme, A., Tamm, E., Heinrich, J., Heyder, J., Brand, P., Roth, Ch., Wichmann, H.E., Pekkanen, J. and Kreyling, W.G. (2000) Comparison of two particle-size spectrometers for ambient aerosol measurements. Atmospheric Environment 34, 139-149.
25. Vallius, M., Ruuskanen, J., Mirme, A. and Pekkanen, J. (2000) Concentrations and estimated soot content of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 in a subarctic urban atmosphere. Environ. Sci. Technol. 34, 1919-1925.
26. Viskari, E.-L., Surakka, J., Pasanen, P., Mirme, A., Kössi, S., Ruuskanen, J. and Holopainen, J.K. (2000) Responses of spruce seedlings (Picea abies) to exhaust gas under laboratory conditions ? I plant-insect interactions. Environmental Pollution 107, 89-98.
27. Aalto, P., Hämeri, K., Becker, E., Weber, R., Salm, J., Mäkelä, J.M., Hoell, C., O'Dowd, C.D., Karlsson, H., Hansson, H.-C., Väkevä, M., Koponen, I., Buzorius, G. and Kulmala, M. (2001) Physical characterization of aerosol particles during nucleation events. Tellus 53B, 344-358.
28. Belova, E., Kirkwood, S. and Tammet, H. (2001) The effect of magnetic substorms on near-ground atmospheric current. Annales Geophysicae 18, 1623-1629.
29. Israelsson, S. and Tammet, H. (2001) Variation of fair weather atmospheric electricity at Marsta Observatory, Sweden, 1993-1998. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 63/16, 1693-1703.
30. Khlystov, A., Kos, G.P.A., ten Brink, H.M., Mirme, A., Tuch, Th., Roth, Ch. and Kreyling, W.G. (2001) Comparability of three spectrometers for monitoring urban aerosol. Atmospheric Environment 35, 2045-2051.
31. Kikas, Ü., Reinart, A., Vaht, M. and Veismann, U. (2001) A case study of the impact of boundary layer aerosol size distribution on the surface UV irradiance. Atmospheric Environment 35, 5041-5051.
32. Kivi, R., Kyrö, E., Dörnbrack, A. and Birner, T. (2001) Observations of vertically thick polar stratospheric clouds and record low temperature in the Arctic vortex. Geophys. Res. Lett. 28, 3661-3664.
33. Müller, M., Neuber, R., Beyerle, G., Kyrö, E., Kivi, R. and Wöste, L. (2001) Non-uniform PSC occurrence within the Arctic polar vortex. Geophys. Res. Lett. 28, 4175-4178.
34. Penttinen, P., Timonen, K., Tiittanen, P., Mirme, A., Ruuskanen, J. and Pekkanen, J. (2001) Number concentration and size of particles in urban air: Effects on spirometric lung function in adult asthmatic subjects. Environmental Health Perspectives 109, 319-323.
35. Penttinen, P., Timonen, K., Tiittanen, P., Mirme, A., Ruuskanen, J. and Pekkanen, J. (2001) Ultrafine particles in urban air and respiratory health among adult asthmatics. European Respiratory Journal 17, 428-435.
36. Ruuskanen, J., Tuch, T., ten Brink, H., Peters, A., Khlystov, A., Mirme, A., Kos, G., Brunekreef, B., Wichmann, H., Buzorius, G., Vallius, M., Kreyling, W. and Pekkanen, J. (2001) Concentrations of ultrafine, fine and PM2.5 particles in three European cities. Atmospheric Environment 35, 3729-3738.
37. Suortti, T., Karhu, J., Kivi, R., Kyrö, E., Rosen, J., Kjome, N., Larsen, N., Neuber, R., Khattatov, V., Rudakov, V., Yushkov, V. and Nakane, H. (2001) Evolution of the Arctic stratospheric aerosol mixing ratio measured with balloon-borne aerosol backscatter sondes for years 1988 - 2000. J. Geophys. Res. Atmospheres 106, 20759-20766.
38. Tammet, H., Kimmel, V. and Israelsson, S. (2001) Effect of atmospheric electricity on dry deposition of airborne particles from atmosphere. Atmospheric Environment 35, 3413-3419.
B. Papers in different journals and proceedings
39. Kikas, Ü., Juuti, S., Ruuskanen, J. and Tammet, H. (1998) Formation and growth of aerosol particles in greenhouse. Report Series in Aerosol Science 41, 40-45.
40. Mirme, A., Tammet, H. and Tamm, E. (1998) Electrical aerosol spectrometry for environmental aerosol monitoring. Report Series in Aerosol Science 41, 9-14.
41. Ohvril, H., Okulov, O. and Jaagus, J. (1998) Atmospheric transparency in Estonia during last 60 years. Proc. of the Second International Conference on Climate and water, 2, pp. 682-690.
42. Hõrrak, U., Salm, J. and Tammet, H. (1999) Classification of natural air ions near the ground. In 11th International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity, edited by Christian, H.J., NASA, MSFC, Alabama, pp. 618-621.
43. Kikas, Ü., Mirme, A. and Tamm, E. (1999) Taisto Raunemaa: Cooperation with aerosol research group of Tartu University. Report Series in Aerosol Science 17-22.
44. Kivi, R., Kyro, E., Turunen, T., Ulich, T. and Turunen, E. (1999) Atmospheric trends above Finland. Part II. Troposphere and stratosphere. Geophysica 35, 71-85.
45. Mirme, A., Paris, P., Kikas, Ü., Laan, M. and Tamm, E. (1999) Characterisation of corona aerosol using an Electrical Aerosol Spectrometer. In Electret filters, production and properties. Proceedings of International Workshop on Electret Filters, edited by Stenhouse, J.I.T., Gradon, L. and Marijnissen, J.C.M., Delft University Press, pp. 151-160.
46. Mirme, A., Tamm, E. and Sievert, U. (1999) Performance of an optical and an ionisation smoke detector compared to a wide range aerosol spectrometer. AUBE '99. 11. Internationale Konferenz über automatische Brandentdeckung. Proceedings, Duisburg, pp. 380-391.
47. Parts, T.-E. (1999) Seasonal dependence of electrical mobility spectra of small air ions. In 11th International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity, edited by Christian, H.J., NASA, MSFC, Alabama, pp. 563-566.
48. Tamm, E., Mirme, A., Sievert, U. and Franken, D. (1999) Aerosol particle concentration and size distribution measurements of test-fires as a background for fire detector modeling. AUBE '99. 11. Internationale Konferenz über automatische Brandentdeckung. Proceedings, Duisburg, pp. 150-159.
49. Tammet, H. (1999) The limits of air ion mobility resolution. In 11th International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity, edited by Christian, H.J., NASA, MSFC, Alabama, pp. 626-629.
50. Tammet, H. and Israelsson, S. (1999) Atmospheric electricity as a factor of dry deposition of particulate pollution. In 11th International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity, edited by Christian, H.J., NASA, MSFC, Alabama, pp. 622-625.
51. Aalto, P., Hämeri, K., Becker, E., Weber, R., Salm, J., Mäkelä, J.M., Hoell, C., O'Dowd, C.D., Karlsson, H., Hansson, H.-C., Väkevä, M., Koponen, I., Buzorius, G. and Kulmala, M. (2000) Aerosol number and size distribution measurements during BIOFOR. Report Series in Aerosol Science 47, 33-41.
52. Belova, E., Kirkwood, S., Nielsen, E. and Tammet, H. (2000) The ground-level atmospheric current response to a magnetic substorm. Proc. 5th Internat. Conf. on Substorms, St. Petersburg, pp. 473-476.
53. Kivi, R., Kyrö, E., Dörnbrack, A., Müller, M., Wille, H., Stein, B., Mitev, V., Matthey, R., Stefanutti, L., Del Guasta, M. and Rizi, V. (2000) Observations of stratospheric temperatures, ozone and aerosols above northern Finland in the winter of 1998/99. In Proc. 5th European Workshop on Stratospheric Ozone, edited by Harris N. R., P., Guirlet, M. and Amanatidis G., T., Commission of the European Communities, Brussels, 73, pp. 169-172.
54. Laan, M. and Mirme, A. (2000) Ch. 8. Aerosols and corona discharges. In Electrical discharges for environmental purposes: fundamentals and applications, edited by van Veldhuizen, E.M., Nova Science Publishers Inc., pp. 193-220.
55. Noppel, M. (2000) Self-consistent binary cluster size distributions of sulfuric acid-water system. Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols 2000. 15th International Conference, AIP Conference Proceedings, Melville, New York, 534, pp. 339-342.
56. Paris, P., Laan, M. and Mirme, A. (2000) Detection of nanometer-size particles in plasma. Electrophysical and Thermophysical Processes in Low-Temperature Plasma, pp. 25-28.
57. Paris, P., Laan, M. and Mirme, A. (2000) The influence of corona discharge on aerosol spectra. Proc. HAKONE VII, 1, pp. 44-48.
58. Salm, J. and Tamm, E. (2000) Air ion measurements in Hyytiälä during BIOFOR3. Report Series in Aerosol Science 47, 87-90.
59. Kaasik, M., Ploompuu, T., Sõukand, Ü. and Kaasik, H. (2001) The impact of long-term air pollution to the sensitive natural ecosystems. Proc. 7th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, Ermouopolis, Greece, pp. 381-387.
60. Noppel, M., Vehkamäki, H., Kulmala, M. and Napari, I. (2001) Binary nucleation of sulfuric acid and water vapors: Effect of hydration. Report Series in Aerosol Science 54, 13-16.
C. Conference papers in "Journal of Aerosol Science"
61. Kikas, Ü., Juuti, S. and Ruuskanen, J. (1997) Daily changes in aerosol size distribution in a greenhouse. J. Aerosol Sci. 28, S225-S226.
62. Noppel, M. (1997) Binary nucleation of water-sulfuric acid system: A revision of the classical hydrates interaction model. J. Aerosol Sci. 28, S173-S174.
63. Parts, T.-E. (1997) The influence of organic nitrogen- and oxygen-containing trace gases on the mobility spectra of small air ions. J. Aerosol Sci. 28, S703-S704.
64. Salm, J. (1997) Mobility shift in a differential mobility analyser due to diffusion. J. Aerosol Sci. 28, S269-S270.
65. Tamm, E. and Vana, M. (1997) Study of the atmospheric aerosol size spectrum transformation. J. Aerosol Sci. 28, S221-S222.
66. Tammet, H. (1997) Atmospheric ion depletion as a measure of aerosol particle diameter concentration. J. Aerosol Sci. 28, S377-S378.
67. Fischer, M., Jennings, G., Mirme, A. and Tamm, E. (1998) Microphysical characteristics of the atmospheric aerosol depending on air mass origin. J. Aerosol Sci. 29, S187-S188.
68. Hõrrak, U., Mirme.A, Salm, J., Tamm, E. and Tammet, H. (1998) Study of covariations of aerosol and air ion mobility spectra at Tahkuse, Estonia. J. Aerosol Sci. 29, S849-S850.
69. Kikas, Ü., Mirme, A. and Tamm, E. (1998) Examining the relationship between aerosol size distribution and atmospheric visibility in an urban area. J. Aerosol Sci. 29, S661-S662.
70. Noppel, M. (1998) Binary nucleation of water-sulfuric acid system: The effect of the shape of the free energy surface and compressibility of solution on the nucleation rate. J. Aerosol Sci. 29, S377-S378.
71. Paris, P., Mirme, A. and Laan, M. (1998) Study of corona discharge aerosol with an electrical aerosol spectrometer. J. Aerosol Sci. 29, S845-S846.
72. Parts, T.-E. (1998) Experimental evidence of dimers, trimers and tetramers in cluster ions. J. Aerosol Sci. 29, S891-S892.
73. Tammet, H. (1998) Optimal length of the plain Loscertales mobility analyzer. J. Aerosol Sci. 29, S63-S64.
74. Tammet, H. and Kimmel, V. (1998) Electrostatic deposition of radon daughter clusters on the trees. J. Aerosol Sci. 29, S473-S474.
75. Tammet, H., Mirme, A. and Tamm, E. (1998) Electrical aerosol spectrometer of Tartu University. J. Aerosol Sci. 29, S427-S428.
76. Vana, M. and Tamm, E. (1998) Study of the aerosol size spectrum transformation by synchronized monitoring of atmospheric aerosol. J. Aerosol Sci. 29, S205-S206.
77. Mirme, A., Kikas, Ü. and Tamm, E. (1999) The receptor-oriented study of aerosol residence times. J. Aerosol Sci. 30, S531-S532.
78. Mirme, A. and Salm, J. (1999) Concurrent study of aerosol particle size distribution and of air ions in urban air. J. Aerosol Sci. 30, S387-S388.
79. Noppel, M. (1999) Enthalpy and entropy changes in formation of gas-phase sulfuric acid mono- and dihydrates as a result of fitting to experimental pressure data. J. Aerosol Sci. 30, S297-S298.
80. Parts, T.-E. (1999) Comparison of indoor and outdoor small air ions. J. Aerosol Sci. 30, S593-S594.
81. Salm, J. (1999) The effect of turbulent diffusion in differential mobility analyzers. J. Aerosol Sci. 30, S381-S382.
82. Vana, M., Jennings, S.G., Kleefeld, C., Mirme, A. and Tamm, E. (1999) Development of the atmospheric aerosol size spectrum during low tide in the clean marine coastal environment. J. Aerosol Sci. 30, S175-S176.
83. Vana, M. and Tamm, E. (1999) About the study of the propagation of particulate matter by synchronized monitoring of atmospheric aerosols. J. Aerosol Sci. 30, S223-S224.
84. Hämeri, K., Mäkelä, J.M., Aalto, P.P., Pirjola, L., Väkevä, M., Koponen, I.K., Buzorius, G., Keronen, P., Rannik, Ü., Vesala, T., Laakso, L., Seidl, W., Forkel, R., Hoffman, T., Spanke, J., Nilsson, E.D., Jansson, R., Hansson, H.-C., O'Dowd, C., Becker, E., Paatero, J., Teinilä, K., Hillamo, R., Viisanen, Y., Bigg, K., Swietlicki, E., Laaksonen, A., Salm, J. and Kulmala, M. (2000) Biogenic aerosol formation in the Boreal Forest. J. Aerosol Sci. 31, S598-S599.
85. Mäkelä, J.M. and Salm, J. (2000) Small air ion concentration measurements in connection with ultrafine particle formation observed at a Boreal forest. J. Aerosol Sci. 31, S940-S941.
86. Mirme, A. and Salm, J. (2000) A study of ambient aerosols and air ions in winter season. J. Aerosol Sci. 31, S702-S703.
87. Noppel, M. and Hõrrak, U. (2000) Simulation of the mobility spectrum of charged particles during bursts in atmospheric air. J. Aerosol Sci. 31, S700-701.
88. Parts, T.-E. and Luts, A. (2000) One-second small ions - modelling and laboratory experiments. J. Aerosol Sci. 31, S338-S339.
89. Tammet, H., Kimmel, V. and Israelsson, S. (2000) Atmospheric electric field as a factor of deposition of aerosol particles. J. Aerosol Sci. 31, S1029-S1030.
90. Vana, M., Hõrrak, U. and Tamm, E. (2000) Comparative study of the ultrafine aerosol particle and intermediate air ion concentration bursts in the atmosphere. J. Aerosol Sci. 31, S176-S177.
91. Hõrrak, U., Salm, J. and Tammet, H. (2001) Diurnal variation of charged atmospheric aerosols in nucleation and Aitken mode ranges. J. Aerosol Sci. 32, S169-S170.
92. Kikas, Ü., Reinart, A., Vaht, M. and Tamm, E. (2001) Mutual impact of UV radiation and atmospheric aerosol in a coastal area. J. Aerosol Sci. 32, S435-S436.
93. Mäkelä, J.M., Salm, J., Smirnov, V.V., Koponen, I., Paatero, J. and Pronin, A.A. (2001) Electrical charging state of fine and ultrafine particles in boreal forest air. J. Aerosol Sci. 32, S149-S150.
94. Mirme, A., Aruoja, K. and Salm, J. (2001) Relationships between particulate and gaseous pollution in Tartu. J. Aerosol Sci. 32, S159-S160.
95. Parts, T.-E. and Luts, A. (2001) Pyridinated cmpounds and the chemical composition of the natural air ions. J. Aerosol Sci. 32, S495-S496.
96. Tamm, E., Hõrrak, U., Mirme, A. and Vana, M. (2001) On the charge distribution on atmospheric nanoparticles. J. Aerosol Sci. 32, S347-S348.
97. Vehkamäki, H., Noppel, M., Napari, I. and Kulmala, M. (2001) Re-evaluation of parameterisations of sulphuric acid-water nucleation rates. J. Aerosol Sci. 32, S1031-S1032.
D. Ph.D. dissertations
98. Kikas, Ü. (1998) Atmospheric aerosol in the Baltic region. Particle size distributions, sources gas-to-particle conversion. Tartu University Press, Tartu.
99. Kaasik, M. (2000) Parameterisation of atmospheric boundary layer in the numerical model of air pollution transport. Tartu University Press, Tartu.
100. Hõrrak, U. (2001) Air ion mobility spectrum at a rural area. Tartu University Press, Tartu.