Suhtlusvõrgustikud reaalajas: võru kõnekeele varieerumine kahes Võrumaa külas
Date
2010-04-23T06:54:48Z
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Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus
Abstract
Suhtlusvõrgustiku moodustavad inimesed, kes on omavahel seotud erinevate suhetelaadide kaudu. Seega kuulub iga inimene mingisse suhtlusvõrgustikku. Väidetavalt on kõige olulisemad sidemed need, mis seovad omavahel pereliikmeid, sõpru, naabreid ja töökaaslasi. Sotsiolingvistikas on suhtlusvõrgustikud osutunud heaks meetodiks erinevate rühmade keelelise käitumise uurimisel. Käesolev doktoritöö analüüsib võru kõnekeele kasutust kahes Võrumaa külas: Sutel ja Otsal. Töö keskne eesmärk on kindlaks teha, millised sotsiaalsed faktorid mõjutavad võru kõnekeele varieerumist ja kas tegemist võib olla keelemuutusega kahel erineval ajahetkel, s.o 1991. ja 2006. aastal. Tulemused näitavad mõningast võru keele nivelleerumist ja lihtsustumist. Sellised tendentsid osutavad sellele, et nivelleerumine toimub võru keele siseselt, mitte aga eesti ühiskeele suunas. Niisugused muutused võivad vähendada murrakutevahelisi erinevusi (nt lääne- ja idavõru vahel). Lisaks võivad teatud grammatilised paradigmad kaotada oma esialgse eristuse. Vaatamata sellele et muutused toimuvad võru keele siseselt, on võru kõnekeelt mõjutanud ka eesti ühiskeel. Partikkel ikka on siin heaks näiteks, kuigi ka nimetatud keelendi puhul on tegemist pigem püsivarieerumisega, kus ülekaalus on võrukeelsed vormid ning eestikeelset varianti kasutatakse vähem. Viimane tulemus näib osutavat ka sellele, et 15 aasta jooksul ei ole eesti ühiskeele mõju võru kõnekeelele oluliselt suurenenud. Seda näib tõestavat ka fakt, et noorem põlvkond räägib jätkuvalt võru keeles, kasutades uuenduslikke vorme (nt n-inessiivi, tud-partitsiibi tU(q)-tunnust ja va-lõppu mitmuse kolmandas pöördes). Siiski oleks realistlikum järeldada, et noorem põlvkond on kakskeelne ja kasutab mõlemat keelekuju – võru kõnekeelt ja eesti ühiskeelt – vastavalt olukorrale.
A social network is a group of people who are linked to one another in a boundless web of ties that reaches out through a whole society. Thus, every person has a social network. The most important ties are said to be kinship, friendship, neighbourhood and workplace. In sociolinguistics, the social networks theory has proved to be a relevant method for analysing the language behaviour in certain sub-groups. The dissertation focuses on language use in the South Estonian villages of Sute and Otsa. The main objective of the study is to determine the social factors that influence the variation of Spoken Võro and possible language change in two different periods, i.e. in 1991 and 2006. The results indicate some levelling and simplification tendencies in Common Võro. For instance, the n-inessive, the tU(q)-forms in the passive past participle and the suffix -va in the third person plural forms of the verb olema ‘to be’ are all the subjects of levelling and simplification. Such tendencies show the levelling of Common Võro within itself, not a tendency to imitate language usage in Common Estonian. These changes may diminish the differences between sub-dialects (e.g. the sub-dialects of Western and Eastern Võro). Likewise, some grammatical paradigms may lose their original denotation. Still, despite the fact that some changes are based on the language itself, there occur some influences from Common Estonian as well. The particle ikka is a good example here, though this dissertation has indicated that it is a case of a stable variation in the villages that have been studied. The latter permits the suggestion that the impact of Common Estonian has not become greater during the 15-year period. The fact that the younger generation still speaks Võro by using its innovative forms (e.g. the n-inessive, tU(q)-participle and va-forms in the third person plural) seems to prove this assumption. Still, the more realistic conclusion would be that the younger generation is bilingual and uses whichever language – Common Estonian or Common Võro) – is appropriate in the situation.
A social network is a group of people who are linked to one another in a boundless web of ties that reaches out through a whole society. Thus, every person has a social network. The most important ties are said to be kinship, friendship, neighbourhood and workplace. In sociolinguistics, the social networks theory has proved to be a relevant method for analysing the language behaviour in certain sub-groups. The dissertation focuses on language use in the South Estonian villages of Sute and Otsa. The main objective of the study is to determine the social factors that influence the variation of Spoken Võro and possible language change in two different periods, i.e. in 1991 and 2006. The results indicate some levelling and simplification tendencies in Common Võro. For instance, the n-inessive, the tU(q)-forms in the passive past participle and the suffix -va in the third person plural forms of the verb olema ‘to be’ are all the subjects of levelling and simplification. Such tendencies show the levelling of Common Võro within itself, not a tendency to imitate language usage in Common Estonian. These changes may diminish the differences between sub-dialects (e.g. the sub-dialects of Western and Eastern Võro). Likewise, some grammatical paradigms may lose their original denotation. Still, despite the fact that some changes are based on the language itself, there occur some influences from Common Estonian as well. The particle ikka is a good example here, though this dissertation has indicated that it is a case of a stable variation in the villages that have been studied. The latter permits the suggestion that the impact of Common Estonian has not become greater during the 15-year period. The fact that the younger generation still speaks Võro by using its innovative forms (e.g. the n-inessive, tU(q)-participle and va-forms in the third person plural) seems to prove this assumption. Still, the more realistic conclusion would be that the younger generation is bilingual and uses whichever language – Common Estonian or Common Võro) – is appropriate in the situation.