Haritlased ja Balti kultuurikoostöö 1920.–1930. aastatel
Date
2016-12-19
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Abstract
Noori, tsaari-Venemaa lagunemisel iseseisvunud Eestit, Lätit ja Leedut ühendas, lisaks sarnasele geograafilisele asendile ja väikeriikide staatusele ka püüd võimalikult kiiresti üles ehitada omariiklus. Keerukate Esimese Maailmasõja järgsete olude, eelkõige Lääne-Euroopa riikide omavaheliste lahkhelidest tulenenud tõrjuva hoiaku tõttu, kujunes kolme riigi jaoks oluliste läänesuunaliste haridus- ja kultuurikontaktide arendamine oodatust raskemaks. Kompenseerimaks ootamatut ebaedu pakkusid lätlased Bulduri konverentsil (1920) välja Põhjamaade eeskuju järgiva ulatuslikuma Nõukogude Venemaa piiririikide vahelise kultuuriruumi ellu kutsumise, mis poliitiliste pingete tõttu realiseerus aga vähendatud mahus – Eesti, Läti ja Leedu vahelise kutse- ja erialakoostöö piirkonnana.
Teise keskse ühistegevuse nägemusena on käesoleva uurimuse keskmes 1930. aastate teisel poolel, Balti Entente leppe sõlmimise järgselt Eesti, Läti ja Leedu haritlaste poolt mitteriiklikul sõprusühingute ja vaimse koostöö rahvuslike komisjonide tasandil välja töötatud riikidevahelise kultuuriruumi ellu kutsumise kavad.
Käesoleva uurimuse eesmärgiks analüüsida erinevaid haritlaste välja töötatud nägemusi Balti kultuuriruumist, pöörates tähelepanu ka nii ühiste seisukohtade kujunemise protsesse ning kavandatud sammude ellu viimisega seotud tegevustele. Täiendavalt leiavad uurimuses käsitlemist ka ühistegevusega seonduvad üldisemad korralduslikud aspektid ja erinevate koostöötasandite omavahelised suhted.
Balti kultuuriruumi ellu kutsumise kavade analüüs lubab väita, et 1930. aastate teisel poolel töötasid Eesti, Läti ja Leedu haritlased välja unikaalse piirkondliku kultuuriruumi nägemuse. Erinevalt eeskujuks olnud ja varasemast ühtsustunde kindlustamisele suunatud Põhjamaade visioonist, seati sihiks sarnase piirkonna konstrueerimine ühtse haridusruumi ellu kutsumise ja ametlikult koordineeritud laialdasema naaberriikide kultuuripropaganda arendamise kaudu.
Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, the three newly established countries that achieved their independence due the collapse of czarist Russia were comparable in many different ways. In addition to the similar geographical position, these three were all small countries and had a goal to build up the state as fast as it is possible. Intricate after war conditions, such as disagreements between Western European countries, and a negative attitude towards the three new countries made it harder to develop the westbound educational and cultural contacts than expected. To compensate for the unexpected disappointment, the Latvians proposed at Bulduri conference (1920) to create wider cultural cooperation between Soviet Russia's frontier countries. Due to political tensions, the professional cooperation among Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, was developed slowly. Another purpose of this study is to focus at the plans to create wider interstate cultural body for Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. This was created in the second half of the 1930s, after signing the Baltic Entente agreement (1934) at the regional conferences of friendship societies and national commissions of intellectual cooperation. The goal of my study is to analyse the different types of visions of the Baltic cultural body, paying attention to the processes of development of common positions and to the implementation of planned steps. The organizational aspects will be discussed and the relationship between the various participants will be analysed. Analysis of the construction of the Baltic cultural body shows us that during the second half of 1930s, the Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian intellectuals worked out a unique vision for the regional cultural cooperation. Differently from the Nordic model, which was used as example, and was aimed to the safeguarding the sense of unity that was formed earlier, the Baltic version aimed to create wider cultural body.
Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, the three newly established countries that achieved their independence due the collapse of czarist Russia were comparable in many different ways. In addition to the similar geographical position, these three were all small countries and had a goal to build up the state as fast as it is possible. Intricate after war conditions, such as disagreements between Western European countries, and a negative attitude towards the three new countries made it harder to develop the westbound educational and cultural contacts than expected. To compensate for the unexpected disappointment, the Latvians proposed at Bulduri conference (1920) to create wider cultural cooperation between Soviet Russia's frontier countries. Due to political tensions, the professional cooperation among Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, was developed slowly. Another purpose of this study is to focus at the plans to create wider interstate cultural body for Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. This was created in the second half of the 1930s, after signing the Baltic Entente agreement (1934) at the regional conferences of friendship societies and national commissions of intellectual cooperation. The goal of my study is to analyse the different types of visions of the Baltic cultural body, paying attention to the processes of development of common positions and to the implementation of planned steps. The organizational aspects will be discussed and the relationship between the various participants will be analysed. Analysis of the construction of the Baltic cultural body shows us that during the second half of 1930s, the Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian intellectuals worked out a unique vision for the regional cultural cooperation. Differently from the Nordic model, which was used as example, and was aimed to the safeguarding the sense of unity that was formed earlier, the Baltic version aimed to create wider cultural body.
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Keywords
haritlaskond, kultuurisuhted, intellektuaalne koostöö, Baltimaad, 1920-ndad, 1930-ndad, kultuuriajalugu, intellectuals, cultural contacts, intellectual cooperation, Baltic States, 1920s, 1930s, history of culture