Mass, Jakob, juhendajaKhan, Sikandar, juhendajaPoddar, NishantTartu Ülikool. Loodus- ja täppisteaduste valdkondTartu Ülikool. Arvutiteaduse instituut2023-10-042023-10-042020https://hdl.handle.net/10062/93304Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) have become an important technology for the Internet of Things, as they provide radio coverage in the order of kilometers and enable battery-powered devices to operate for years. This thesis presents the in-depth technical overview along with results of an in-field investigation of the coverage analysis of two LPWAN technologies i.e., NB-IoT and Sigfox, conducted in Tartu and Tallinn. The observations are taken for the time span of 12-24 hours with the evaluation boards using NB-IoT sim-cards by two commercially available NB-IoT operators (Telia and Elisa) and the single Sigfox operator in Estonia. Most of the existing literature on NBIoT coverage is replete with Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)-based coverage analyses. However, RSSI is most of the time not sufficient for evaluating LTE-based technologies including NB-IoT. Thus, our investigation of NB-IoT coverage considers three parameters: RSSI, Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), and Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ). Sigfox, being a non-LTE technology, we base our coverage analysis only on the RSSI factor. Both technologies are evaluated in indoor, outdoor and deep-indoor/underground environments so as to provide an understanding of their coverage in various propagation and penetration conditions. Our results indicate that in outdoor scenarios, both Sigfox and NB-IoT achieve good to excellent coverage with almost 0% packet losses. However, in indoor scenarios, few packet losses were observed in Sigfox while no packet losses were observed in NB-IoT, even with a weaker coverage, and possibly due to re-transmissions that is a salient feature of the NB-IoT making it more reliable than its competitive LPWAN technologies. However, in deep-indoor or underground scenarios, coverage outages were recorded for NB-IoT, especially in Tartu area, indicating its weaker coverage in that city.engopenAccessAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 InternationalLPWANNB-IoTSigfoxcoveragenetwork-testingmagistritöödinformaatikainfotehnoloogiainformaticsinfotechnologyThesis