Internationalization processes of Chinese firms: The role of knowledge
Date
2013-09-09
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Abstract
Kasutades nii kvantitatiivseid kui ka kvalitatiivseid meetodeid ühendades võrdlevaid uuringuid ja pikaajalisi analüüse, on doktoritöö eesmärgiks välja selgitada teadmuse roll Hiina ettevõtete internatsionaliseerumise protsessides. Töös töödeldakse süstemaatiliselt, Hiina kontekstist lähtuvalt, rahvusvahelistumise uuringuid, otse allikast saadud ettevõttetasandil olevaid andmeid ning viie originaal väljaande tulemusi, mis on ühendatud vastavalt teenima sama eemärki, ent neil on eri teadusuuringulised eesmärgid, mis keskenduvad erinevatele aspektidele, kasutades erinevaid meetodeid.
Doktoritöö teoreetiline osa põhineb rahvusvahelistumise teemalisel kirjandusel, eriti Uppsala mudelil ja Born Global mudelil. Samuti keskendub töö kirjandus ettevõtete välismaiste kogemuslikule teadmusele ja selle omandamisele. Autor leiab, et välisturu teadmus on oluline ettevõtete rahvusvahelistumise seisukohast. Selle puudumise korral võib aeglustuda rahvusvahelistumise protsess ja põhjustada ettevõtete esialgset sisenemist lähiriikidesse, kasutades selleks kõige lihtsamaid sisenemise mudeleid. Ettevõtted võivad omandada välisturule sisenemise teadmisi, mitte üksnes otsesest turukogemusest, vaid ka palgates teatud liiki uut personali, tehes koostööd jne. Välisturu tundmine võib positiivselt mõjutada ettevõtete rahvusvahelistumise protsessi, kuid ei pruugi tagada edu. Ettevõtete rahvusvaheliseerumine ei pruugi olla sujuv, vaid pigem lainekujuline protsess, mis hõlmab endas oodatud ja radikaalseid muututusi.
Kasutades esmaallikatasandist pärinevaid ettevõtte andmeid ning analüüsides neid kombineeritud meetodite abil, selgus, et nii Hiina BG ja NBG ettevõtted rahvusvahelistusid esilagu edukalt, vaatamata puuduvale teadmusele. Madal teadmuse tase ei mõjuta nende rahvusvahelistumise kiirust, kuid kõik ettevõtted kasutasid eksportimist kui välismaist töörežiimi. Mõlemad BG-d ja NBG-d valivad kultuuriliselt ja geograafiliselt kaugemad riigid, mis on suurema elanikkonna ja arenenuma majandusega. Pärast sisenemist oma kolme esimesele välisturule, ettevõtted hakkavad omandama teadmisi, mis hakkavad mõjutama nende edasisi välisturgudele laienemise strateegiaid. Muutuste ja kriisiperioodil määrab teadmuse tase, kas ettevõtted lahkuvad välisturgudelt ning kui edukas on nende taassisenemine välisturule.
Using both quantitative and qualitative methods, and combining comparative studies and longitudinal analysis, the aim of this dissertation is to identify the role of knowledge in internationalization processes of Chinese firms. By systematically reviewing the literature on internationalization studies in the Chinese context, and by using firsthand firm-level data, five original publications result, which are united under the same goal yet have separate research tasks that focus on different aspects using various methodologies.The theoretical part of this thesis is based on the internationalization literature, particular on streams of Uppsala model and Born global model. It also focuses on the literature regarding firms’ foreign experiential knowledge and its acquisition. Author concludes that foreign market knowledge is important to firms’ internationalization. A lack of it may slow down the internationalization process and cause firms to initially enter the closest countries, using the simplest entry modes. Firms may acquire foreign market knowledge not only through direct market experience, but also by hiring certain types of personnel, cooperation, and so on. Foreign market knowledge may positively affect firms’ internationalization processes, but does not guarantee success. Firms’ internationalization is not necessarily a smooth path, but rather a wave- shaped process that involves expected and radical changes.Through the mixed-methods, by using first-hand firm level data, this research discovers that both Chinese BGs and NBGs initially internationalize successfully, despite lacking knowledge. Low knowledge levels do not affect their internationalization speed, but firms all use exporting as their foreign operation mode. Both BGs and NBGs select culturally and geographically more distant countries that have a higher population and more advanced economic development. After entering their first three foreign markets, firms start to gain knowledge, which affects their foreign expansion strategy going forward. During periods of radical change and crisis, knowledge level determines decisions relating to the firms’ foreign market exit, and the success of reentry.
teadmised
ettevõtted
rahvusvahelistumine
kvantitatiivsed uurimismeetodid
kvalitatiivsed uurimismeetodid
võrdlevuuringud
Hiina
knowledge
firms
internationalisation
quantitative research methods
qualitative research methods
comparative research
China
Using both quantitative and qualitative methods, and combining comparative studies and longitudinal analysis, the aim of this dissertation is to identify the role of knowledge in internationalization processes of Chinese firms. By systematically reviewing the literature on internationalization studies in the Chinese context, and by using firsthand firm-level data, five original publications result, which are united under the same goal yet have separate research tasks that focus on different aspects using various methodologies.The theoretical part of this thesis is based on the internationalization literature, particular on streams of Uppsala model and Born global model. It also focuses on the literature regarding firms’ foreign experiential knowledge and its acquisition. Author concludes that foreign market knowledge is important to firms’ internationalization. A lack of it may slow down the internationalization process and cause firms to initially enter the closest countries, using the simplest entry modes. Firms may acquire foreign market knowledge not only through direct market experience, but also by hiring certain types of personnel, cooperation, and so on. Foreign market knowledge may positively affect firms’ internationalization processes, but does not guarantee success. Firms’ internationalization is not necessarily a smooth path, but rather a wave- shaped process that involves expected and radical changes.Through the mixed-methods, by using first-hand firm level data, this research discovers that both Chinese BGs and NBGs initially internationalize successfully, despite lacking knowledge. Low knowledge levels do not affect their internationalization speed, but firms all use exporting as their foreign operation mode. Both BGs and NBGs select culturally and geographically more distant countries that have a higher population and more advanced economic development. After entering their first three foreign markets, firms start to gain knowledge, which affects their foreign expansion strategy going forward. During periods of radical change and crisis, knowledge level determines decisions relating to the firms’ foreign market exit, and the success of reentry.
teadmised
ettevõtted
rahvusvahelistumine
kvantitatiivsed uurimismeetodid
kvalitatiivsed uurimismeetodid
võrdlevuuringud
Hiina
knowledge
firms
internationalisation
quantitative research methods
qualitative research methods
comparative research
China
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