Chemical composition and bioactivity of extracts and constituents isolated from the medicinal plants in Vietnam and their nanotechnology-based delivery systems
Date
2023-01-17
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Abstract
Ravimtaimed on osutunud väga edukaks allikaks uute ravimite avastamisel. Taimse päritoluga ravimitel võivad aga olla piirangud nagu halb lahustuvus või kehv imendumine organismis, mis põhjustab madalat biosaadavust ja vähendab nende kasulikkust kliinilises praktikas. On näidatud, et taimse päritoluga toimeainete nanotehnoloogiapõhised ravimite manustamissüsteemid suurendavad nende suukaudset biosaadavust mõnest korrast kuni saja korrani. Taimsete toimeainete kombineerimine farmatseutilise nanotehnoloogiaga võib olla uueks võtmeks ravimtaimede uurimisel ja ravimisel nendega.
Uuringu eesmärk oli saada teadmisi Vietnami traditsioonilises meditsiinis kasutatavatest ravimtaimedest Chisocheton paniculatus Hiern, Alphonsea tonkinensis A.DC. ja Zephyranthes ajax Hort. isoleeritud ekstraktide keemilise koostise ja bioaktiivsuse kohta ning uudsete nanotehnoloogial põhinevate ravimkandursüsteemide väljatöötamine.
Käesolev uuring on teaduslikuks aluseks uuritud ravimtaimede fütokeemiliste koostisosade ja bioaktiivsuse kohta. Eraldati ja iseloomustati seitse uut ühendit ja viisteist teadaolevat ühendit. Paljud neist isoleeriti vastavatest taimeperekondadest esimest korda. Mõned ühendid ja/või ekstraktid osutusid in vitro katsetes paljutõotavateks vähivastasteks, põletikuvastasteks ja/või Alzheimeri tõve ravimite võimalikeks toimeaineteks.
Taimest Z. ajax isoleeritud hemantamiinil, millel on tugev vähivastane toime in vitro, valmistati esmakordselt nanofiibrid, mida saab kasutada tahke vaheproduktina isetekkeliste liposoomide valmistamiseks. Tulemused näitasid, et praegune nanokiududel põhinev strateegia isetekkeliste liposoomide valmistamiseks on rakendatav taimse päritoluga alkaloidide jaoks. Välja töötatud hemantamiini sisaldavad nanofiibrid on alternatiivne lähenemisviis liposomaalse ravimkandursüsteemi disainimiseks ja alkaloidide liposoomide stabiliseerimiseks.
Medicinal plants have been proved to be the highly successful source for the discovery of new drugs. Plant-origin drugs, however, could have limitations such as poor solubility or poor absorption in the body, thus leading to low bioavailability, consequently restricting their utility in clinical practice. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for plant-origin actives have been demonstrated to increase several to hundred times oral bioavailability compared to drug alone. A combination of herbal medicines with pharmaceutical nanotechnology can be expectedly a key tool for the advancement of medicinal plant research and therapy. The aim of the study was to gain knowledge on the chemical composition and bioactivity of herbal extracts and compounds isolated from Chisocheton paniculatus Hiern, Alphonsea tonkinensis A.DC. and Zephyranthes ajax Hort. used in the traditional medicine of Vietnam, and to develop novel nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for the present herbal extract(s) and constituent(s). The present study provides new knowledge of phytochemical constituents and bioactivities of the selected medicinal plants. Seven new compounds and fifteen known compounds were isolated and characterized. Many of them isolated from their genus for the first time. Some compounds and/or extracts showed promising potential agents for anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and/or Alzheimer's disease therapeutics in vitro. Haemanthamine isolated from Z. ajax, exhibiting a potent anti-cancer substance in vitro, was first successfully prepared nanofibers intended for a solid template for self-assembled liposomes. The results showed the present nanofiber-based strategy for delivering self-assembled liposomes is applicable for such plant-origin alkaloids. The nanofibers loaded with haemanthamine were verified to be an alternative approach for the formulation of a liposomal drug delivery system and stabilization of the liposomes of the present alkaloid.
Medicinal plants have been proved to be the highly successful source for the discovery of new drugs. Plant-origin drugs, however, could have limitations such as poor solubility or poor absorption in the body, thus leading to low bioavailability, consequently restricting their utility in clinical practice. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for plant-origin actives have been demonstrated to increase several to hundred times oral bioavailability compared to drug alone. A combination of herbal medicines with pharmaceutical nanotechnology can be expectedly a key tool for the advancement of medicinal plant research and therapy. The aim of the study was to gain knowledge on the chemical composition and bioactivity of herbal extracts and compounds isolated from Chisocheton paniculatus Hiern, Alphonsea tonkinensis A.DC. and Zephyranthes ajax Hort. used in the traditional medicine of Vietnam, and to develop novel nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for the present herbal extract(s) and constituent(s). The present study provides new knowledge of phytochemical constituents and bioactivities of the selected medicinal plants. Seven new compounds and fifteen known compounds were isolated and characterized. Many of them isolated from their genus for the first time. Some compounds and/or extracts showed promising potential agents for anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and/or Alzheimer's disease therapeutics in vitro. Haemanthamine isolated from Z. ajax, exhibiting a potent anti-cancer substance in vitro, was first successfully prepared nanofibers intended for a solid template for self-assembled liposomes. The results showed the present nanofiber-based strategy for delivering self-assembled liposomes is applicable for such plant-origin alkaloids. The nanofibers loaded with haemanthamine were verified to be an alternative approach for the formulation of a liposomal drug delivery system and stabilization of the liposomes of the present alkaloid.
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Keywords
medicinal herbs, chemical composition, bioactivity, drug carriers, nanofibers, Vietnam