Nāgārdžuna „Keskmise tee juurvärsid“: tõlge ja tõlgendus
Date
2022-08-15
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Abstract
Doktoritöö käsitleb budistliku filosoofi Nāgārdžuna (umbes 150–250) teost „Keskmise tee juurvärsid“ (Mūlamadhyamakakārikā, MMK). Tegemist on šuunjavaada koolkonna nn. nullteefilooofia kõige olulisema teosega. Töös sisaldub MMK kommenteeritud tõlge eesti keelde koos sissejuhatusega ning üheksa artiklit.
Artiklid puudutavad MMK-s kasutatud budistliku terminoloogia võtmemõisteid ja nende tõlkimist, aga samuti budismiuuringute metodoloogilisi küsimusi.
MMK tõlgete ja tõlgenduste lugu läänes peegeldab lääne filosoofias valitsevate mõttevoolude vahetumist. See on taganud tõlgenduste pideva uuenemise, mille puhul on nüüdseks kõige tugevamalt pinnale jäänud XX sajandi kandvad voolud nagu dekonstruktsioon, arusaam lõputust semioosist, lingvistiline filosoofia jt.
MMK puhul on tegemist tekstiga, mis genereerib teisi tekste. See tähendab, et tõlgenduste ja kommentaaride voog kuulub selle teksti pragmaatikasse, mida kinnitab ka kaasaegse nagardžuniaana ulatuslik väli.
Nāgārdžuna oli budistlik õpetaja ja tema õpetus on pigem meetod kui teooria. Sellest johtub ka semiootika kui meetodi olulisus, samuti usundifenomenoloogia lähtekoht vabanemiskogemuse ja teadvuse transformatsiooni vaatlemisel.
Nāgārdžuna kasutab Juurvärssides mõistetena ja väidetena esinevaid „kaitsevahendeid“, mis teksti tõlgendamist olulisel määral suunavad. Nende ülesanne on vältida asjade absurdile ja nullteeloogikale taandamise juures negativistlik-nihilistlikku tõlgendust.
Need on hoiatus eikuhugi viiva tee eest (anavasthā), tegudega seotud moraalset vastutust edasi kandev vääramatu vägi (avipranāśa), maailma kategoriseerimise puhul eksitav mõistemaru (prapañca), ülima ja tavatõe eristus ning hoidumine moraalirelativismist.
Kaitsevahendid pakuvad seni väga rikkalikele Nāgārdžuna-uuringutele suurima lisaväärtuse ja nendele pühendatud ka töö lõppjäreldused.
The doctoral thesis deals with Root Stanzas of the Middle Way (Mūlamadhyamakakārikā, MMK), the most important writing for the śūnyavāda school by Buddhist philosopher Nāgārjuna (ca 150–250). The thesis consists of the Estonian translation of the MMK with commentaries, an introduction and nine articles. The articles deal with the key concepts of Buddhism as they appear in the MMK, and their investigation, as well as methodological questions relating to Buddhist Studies. The history of the translation and interpretation of MMK is dependent on changes in the currents of thought in Western philosophy. This has ensured a continuous process of interpretation, including the mainstream currents of thought in the 20th century including deconstruction, the understanding of unlimited semiosis, and linguistic philosophy as the best-known. MMK is a text that generates other texts. This means that a constant increase in interpretation and comment is part of the pragmatics of these texts, as confirmed by the vast field of modern nāgārjuniana. Nāgārjuna is a Buddhist philosopher whose teaching is method rather than theory. Hence the importance of semiotics as a method, as well as phenomenology of religion as the framework for the experience of liberation and transformation of consciousness. In MMK different concepts and assertions are used as mechanisms of defence against negative or nihilist interpretation. The zero way or the logic of the absurd does not mean ethical relativism. The most important mechanisms for defence are anavasthā, a warning against an endless series (also called infinite regression); avipranāśa (the unperishable), a mechanism for the transmission of karma; prapañca, flourishing but misleading conceptualisation; distinction between conventional and ultimate truth; avoiding moral relativism. Highlighting the mechanisms of defence against nihilism would be the most innovative contribution to the vast research area of nāgārjuniana.
The doctoral thesis deals with Root Stanzas of the Middle Way (Mūlamadhyamakakārikā, MMK), the most important writing for the śūnyavāda school by Buddhist philosopher Nāgārjuna (ca 150–250). The thesis consists of the Estonian translation of the MMK with commentaries, an introduction and nine articles. The articles deal with the key concepts of Buddhism as they appear in the MMK, and their investigation, as well as methodological questions relating to Buddhist Studies. The history of the translation and interpretation of MMK is dependent on changes in the currents of thought in Western philosophy. This has ensured a continuous process of interpretation, including the mainstream currents of thought in the 20th century including deconstruction, the understanding of unlimited semiosis, and linguistic philosophy as the best-known. MMK is a text that generates other texts. This means that a constant increase in interpretation and comment is part of the pragmatics of these texts, as confirmed by the vast field of modern nāgārjuniana. Nāgārjuna is a Buddhist philosopher whose teaching is method rather than theory. Hence the importance of semiotics as a method, as well as phenomenology of religion as the framework for the experience of liberation and transformation of consciousness. In MMK different concepts and assertions are used as mechanisms of defence against negative or nihilist interpretation. The zero way or the logic of the absurd does not mean ethical relativism. The most important mechanisms for defence are anavasthā, a warning against an endless series (also called infinite regression); avipranāśa (the unperishable), a mechanism for the transmission of karma; prapañca, flourishing but misleading conceptualisation; distinction between conventional and ultimate truth; avoiding moral relativism. Highlighting the mechanisms of defence against nihilism would be the most innovative contribution to the vast research area of nāgārjuniana.
Description
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone ja teose „Keskmise tee juurvärsid“ tõlget
Keywords
translation analysis, Buddhism, terminology, translating and interpreting, study of translation