“Our ʿirbīt is not like your ʿarabiyya” Linguistic and socio-political change in late antique South Arabia (550 – 850 AD)
| dc.contributor.advisor | Annus, Amar, juhendaja | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Webb, Peter A., juhendaja | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Gajda, Iwona, juhendaja | |
| dc.contributor.author | Koutchoukali, Imar Yacine | |
| dc.contributor.other | Tartu Ülikool. Humanitaarteaduste ja kunstide valdkond | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-11-24T08:59:20Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2023-11-24T08:59:20Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2023-11-24 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Kuuenda sajandi lõpul kadus Lõuna-Araabia tsivilisatsioon, mis oli üle tuhande aasta säilinud, lõpul järsult ära. Näiliselt üleöö hüljati samuti kohalik Lõuna-Araabia tähestik. Kui 8. sajandil püüdsid islami õpetlased Lõuna-Araabia islami-eelset ajalugu kirjeldada oli see nende jaoks muutunud kättesaamatuks. Lõuna-Araabias oli kaks sajandit valitsenud pime aeg. Jeemenis olevad tuhanded raidkirjad räägivad detailides rahvastest kes enne islami tulekut nendel aladel elasid. Need räägivad sõdadest mis nende kuningad pidasid, jumalustest keda nad kummardasid, kellega nad kauplesid ning kuidas nad lahendasid oma juriidilisi konflikte. Enamik raidkirju oli kirjutatud niinimetatud „saaba“ keeles. Saaba keel on üks semiidi keeltest, mille hulka kuuluvad ka heebrea, aramea ning araabia keeled. Kaheksandaks sajandiks p.Kr. oli saaba keel kirjakeelena kasutusest välja langenud ning sellele oli asendunud araabia keel. Lähim analüüs keelelistest erinevustest ning sarnasustest Jeemenis asuvates iidsetes raidkirjades, keskaja araabiakeelsetes teostes ning isegi tänavu kõneldud kohalikes murretes aitab meil valgustada Lõuna-Araabia pimedat aega. Keelelised tõendid näitavad, et araabiakeelsed kõnelejad jõudsid Lõuna-Araabiasse juba 4. sajandil p.Kr, sajandeid enne prohvet Muhammadi sündi. Lõuna-Araabias põrkusid nad kokku kohalike Lõuna-Araabia keelte kui ka Ida-Aafrikast pärinevate keeltega. Pärast islami teket kasvas araabia keele prestiiž püha- ning kantseleikeelena ning tõukis need kohalikud keeled Lõuna-Araabia kõige kaugematele aladele. Samal ajal säilisid osakesed Lõuna-Araabia islami-eelsetest tsivilisatsioonidest. Pärast islami vallutusi vajasid Lõuna-araablased leida erilise identiteedi muslimi eliidi seas. Nad tegid seda kirja pannes rahvuslikud traditsioonid oma esivanematest saavutustest, mis nad seejärel levitasid vastsündinud islami kogukonnas. | |
| dc.description.abstract | During the 6th century AD, South Arabian civilization, which had stood for over a millennium came to an abrupt end. Seemingly overnight, the local South Arabian script was abandoned. When by the 8th century Muslim scholars sought to describe South Arabia’s pre-Islamic history, it had become inaccessible. For two centuries, South Arabia had been in a dark age. Before the 6th century, the thousands of inscriptions found in Yemen tell us in great detail about the peoples that lived in the region before the coming of Islam. These tell us about the wars their kings fought, the gods they worshipped, who they traded with and how they solved their legal issues. Moreover, most of the inscriptions were written in a language known as Sabaic. Sabaic was one of the Semitic languages, which also includes Hebrew, Aramaic, and Arabic. By the 8th century, however, written Sabaic had fallen out of disuse and had been replaced by Arabic. A close study of the linguistic differences and similarities between the ancient inscriptions, the medieval Arabic material and even some of the dialects spoken in Yemen today helps us illuminate the South Arabian dark age. This linguistic evidence shows that speakers of Arabic already entered South Arabia in the 4th century AD, centuries before the birth of the Prophet Muhammad. There, they came into significant contact with speakers of both local South Arabian languages as well as distinct linguistic varieties originating in east Africa. With the rise of Islam, the prestige of Arabic as a sacred and administrative language grew, and the local languages were pushed into the region’s remotest areas. At the same time, some memory of South Arabia’s pre-Islamic civilizations lingered. After the Islamic conquests, South Arabians sought to carve out a distinct identity as a part of the new ruling elite. They did so by recording folkloric traditions of their ancestors’ achievements, which they then propagated within the nascent Muslim community. | |
| dc.description.uri | https://www.ester.ee/record=b5645361 | |
| dc.identifier.isbn | 978-9916-27-401-9 | |
| dc.identifier.isbn | 978-9916-27-402-6 (pdf) | |
| dc.identifier.issn | 1406-2410 | |
| dc.identifier.issn | 1406-2410 (pdf) | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/10062/94359 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.relation.ispartofseries | Dissertationes theologiae Universitatis Tartuensis; 48 | |
| dc.rights | Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Estonia | en |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ee/ | |
| dc.subject | Arab countries | |
| dc.subject | social changes | |
| dc.subject | political changes | |
| dc.subject | Semitic languages | |
| dc.subject | language contacts | |
| dc.subject | national identity | |
| dc.subject | Late Antiquity | |
| dc.subject | Islam | |
| dc.subject | Semitic studies | |
| dc.subject.other | dissertatsioonid | et |
| dc.subject.other | ETD | en |
| dc.subject.other | dissertations | en |
| dc.subject.other | väitekirjad | et |
| dc.subject.other | araabia maad | |
| dc.subject.other | sotsiaalsed muutused | |
| dc.subject.other | poliitilised muutused | |
| dc.subject.other | araabia keel | |
| dc.subject.other | semi keeled | |
| dc.subject.other | keelekontaktid | |
| dc.subject.other | rahvuslik identeet | |
| dc.subject.other | hilisantiikaeg | |
| dc.subject.other | islam | |
| dc.subject.other | semitistika | |
| dc.title | “Our ʿirbīt is not like your ʿarabiyya” Linguistic and socio-political change in late antique South Arabia (550 – 850 AD) | |
| dc.title.alternative | Meie ˁirbīt ei ole nagu teie ˁarabiyya! Lingvistilised ja sotsiopoliitilised muutused hilisantiikses Lõuna-Araabias | |
| dc.type | Thesis | en |
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