Driving risks of young drivers with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: association with the dopamine transporter gene VNTR polymorphism
Date
2022
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Abstract
Background:
Road traffic injuries are a leading cause of death for young adults, and young drivers with
higher expression of symptoms of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) could
pose an even greater risk in traffic. Dopaminergic dysfunction has been found to occur in
ADHD, with the dopamine transporter (DAT) gene VNTR polymorphism (DAT1 VNTR;
rs28363170) being one of the most consistent genetic markers. Thus, we aimed at clarifying
how the ADHD symptoms and the DAT1 VNTR relate to risk-taking behaviour in traffic,
impulsivity and driving anger in young drivers.
Method:
We used data of two traffic behaviour study samples (n = 741, mean age = 23.3±7.2 years; n
= 995, mean age = 22.9±8.1 years) and the Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and
Health Study (ECPBHS; traffic behaviour data n = 1016, mean age = 25.2±2.1 years). ADHD
symptoms were assessed by self-report with the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS v1.1)
and impulsivity with the Adaptive and Maladaptive Impulsivity Scale. Traffic behavioural
measures were either self-reported (Driver Behaviour Questionnaire, Driving Anger Scale) or
obtained from databases (registered accidents and violations).
Results:
Drivers with more self-reported ADHD symptoms also reported more risk-taking in traffic
and had more of recorded traffic accidents and violations. DAT1 9R carriers had a higher
probability of high traffic risk behaviour only if they also had ADHD symptoms.
Conclusion:
Higher level of ADHD symptoms is a significant risk factor in traffic, and carrying of the
DAT1 9R allele appears to aggravate these risks.
Description
Keywords
ADHD, DAT1 VNTR, traffic behaviour, impulsivity