Browsing by Author "Villa, Inga"

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Association of FTO rs1421085 with obesity, diet, physical activity and socioeconomic status: a longitudinal birth cohort study
(2020) Katus, Urmeli; Villa, Inga; Ringmets, Inge; Vaht, Mariliis; Mäestu, Evelin; Mäestu, Jarek; Veidebaum, Toomas; Harro, Jaanus
Background and aims Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) variants are among genetic variants frequently associated with obesity. We analyzed the association between FTO rs1421085 polymorphism and obesity, dietary intake, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), physical activity, and socioeconomic status (SES) from the age of 9–25 years. Methods and results The sample included both birth cohorts (originally n = 1176) of the Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study. The association between FTO rs1421085 and obesity, dietary intake, CRF, physical activity, and SES from the age of 15–25 years was assessed using linear mixed-effects regression models. Associations at ages 9 (younger cohort only), 15, 18, and 25 years were assessed by one-way ANOVA. Male C-allele carriers had significantly (p < 0.05) higher body mass index (BMI), sum of 5 skinfolds, body fat percentage, and hip circumference from the age of 15–25 years. Findings were similar at the age of 9 years. In female subjects, waist-to-hip ratio was significantly greater in CC homozygotes. Interestingly, female CC homozygotes had a greater decrease in the rate of change in daily energy intake and lipid intake per year and higher physical activity score at every fixed time point. Moreover, in females, an effect of FTO × SES interaction on measures of obesity was observed. Conclusion The FTO rs1421085 polymorphism was associated with obesity and abdominal obesity from childhood to young adulthood in males, and with abdominal obesity from adolescence to young adulthood in females. This association is rather related to differences in adipocyte energy metabolism than lifestyle.
Association of Impulsivity With Food, Nutrients, and Fitness in a Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study
(2022) Matrov, Denis; Kurrikoff, Triin; Villa, Inga; Sakala, Katre; Pulver, Aleksander; Veidebaum, Toomas; Shimmo, Ruth; Harro, Jaanus
Background: Impulsivity is a psychiatric vulnerability factor strongly associated with substance abuse but also with unhealthy diet. Whether these associations extend to specific nutrients is largely unknown. Therefore, we investigated the longitudinal association between diet, cardiorespiratory fitness, and 2 impulsivity dimensions in a representative sample of south Estonian adolescents and young adults. Impulsivity and dietary intake were measured 3 times in 2 birth cohorts at regular intervals in individuals aged 15 to 33 years. Methods: The sample included 2 birth cohorts of the longitudinal Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study. The analytic sample size consisted of 2883 observations (56.4% females). The primary outcomes were adaptive and maladaptive impulsivity scores measured by an original 24-item Likert-type questionnaire. Impulsivity scores were predicted from the food diaries data converted into nutrient categories. A linear mixed-effects approach was used to model the time dependence between observations. Results: Lower maladaptive impulsivity was associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness (β = −.07; 95% CI = −0.12; −0.03). Higher maladaptive impulsivity was associated with lower dietary intake of zinc (β = −.10; −0.15; −0.06) and vegetables (β = −.04; −0.07; −0.01) and higher intake of sodium (β = .06; 0.02; 0.10). Vitamin B6 was positively associated with adaptive impulsivity (β = .04; 0.01; 0.07). Additionally, some of the adjusted models showed significant but weak associations with selenium, alcohol, fish, and cereal products. Conclusions: Food choice may affect the neurochemistry and therefore regulate the manifestations of impulsivity. We identified associations between several (micro)nutrients and maladaptive impulsivity.
Cardiovascular health-related nutrition, physical activity and fitness in Estonia
(Tartu University Press, 2010-03-10T08:06:25Z) Villa, Inga
The present study was designed to assess the prevalence of cardiovascular disease lifestyle risk factors such as diet and physical activity in children and adolescents as well as to investigate the associations of these factors with overweight/obesity and the associations of cardiovascular fitness with metabolic risk. From the results it could be concluded that although healthy and positive tendencies in dietary intake occurred in schoolchildren in Estonia, still an overconsumption of fats and saturated fatty acids was observed over the observed time period and the consumption of fibre and some vitamins and minerals in schoolchildren was below suggested recommendations. The finding that differences in dietary intake between under-, normal- and overweight Estonian and Swedish schoolchildren were country-specific suggests that local dietary habits should be considered in intervention projects addressing overweight. In both Estonia and Sweden the association between body mass index (BMI) and biological factors, such as pubertal maturation and parental BMI, was stronger than between BMI and diet. α2A-Adrenoceptor gene C-1291G polymorphism had a significant effect on the consumption of sweet food products. Further research should address the issue whether or not this genotype-dependent dietary preference can be tracked to adulthood, and bring about consequences to health. The percentage of adults involved in physical activity was remarkably lower in the Baltic countries than in Finland, but no clear country difference was observed in the participation in leisure time PA among schoolchildren between the Baltic countries and Finland. Cardiovascular fitness (CVF) was associated with clustering of metabolic risk factors in children. A lower metabolic risk score was associated with higher levels of CVF in both boys and girls. The CVF levels for having a low metabolic risk have been suggested for both genders.
Monitoring food and beverage marketing to children via television in Estonia
(World Health Organization, 2024) Kiisk, Ele; Villa, Inga
This report analysed the amount of food and beverages advertising, and the type of product, that children (under 18 years of age) are likely to be exposed to on television. The most advertised product type on television was food and beverages (32.7%). When foods and beverages were classified according to the WHO nutritional profile model into those permitted and not permitted to be marketed to children, 69.0% of advertisements for food and beverages were in the not permitted group. The most advertised categories were “chocolate and sugar confectionery” (20.3%), “other beverages” (12.9%) and “fresh and frozen meat” (10.4%). On average, 10.7 food advertisements were shown on television every hour, and 7.3 of these were of products not permitted to be advertised to children. The most advertised category around children’s programmes was “chocolate and confectionery”. It will be worth discussing whether stricter methods are needed to tackle food marketing to children and adolescents in Estonia because self-regulation via the Estonian Broadcasters Association’s code of conduct has not proved sufficient.
Neuropeptide Y gene variants in obesity, dietary intake, blood pressure, lipid and glucose metabolism: a longitudinal birth cohort study
(Elsevier, 2021) Katus, Urmeli; Villa, Inga; Ringmets, Inge; Veidebaum, Toomas; Harro, Jaanus
Objective: Neuropeptide Y affects several physiological functions, notably appetite regulation. We analysed the association between four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the NPY gene (rs5574, rs16147, rs16139, rs17149106) and measures of obesity, dietary intake, physical activity, blood pressure, glucose and lipid metabolism from adolescence to young adulthood. Methods: The sample included both birth cohorts of the Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study at ages 15 (n = 1075 with available complete data), 18 (n = 913) and 25 (n = 926) years. Linear mixed-effects regression models were used for longitudinal association between NPY SNP-s and variables of interest. Associations at ages 15, 18 and 25 were analysed by ANOVA. Results: Rs5574 CC-homozygotes had a greater increase per year in waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and a smaller decrease in daily energy intake and carbohydrate intake from age 15 to 25 years; fasting glucose and cholesterol were higher in rs5574 CC-homozygotes. Rs16147 TT homozygotes had higher body weight and a greater increase in sum of 5 skinfolds, waist circumference, WHR and waist-to-height ratio; however, they had lower carbohydrate intake throughout the observation period. Rs16147 TT-homozygotes and both rs16139 and rs17149106 heterozygotes had higher triglyceride levels. All NPY SNP-s were associated with blood pressure: rs5574 TT-and rs16147 CC-homozygotes had a smaller increase in diastolic blood pressure, while rs16139 and rs17149106 heterozygous had lower blood pressure throughout the study. Conclusion: Variants of the NPY gene were associated with measures of obesity, dietary intake, glucose and lipid metabolism and blood pressure from adolescence to young adulthood.
Suhkruga magustatud jookide tarbimise ja sellest põhjustatud tervisekahjude vähendamine Eestis: tõenduspõhisuse ülevaade
(2016) Köhler, Kristina; Eksin, Marike; Peil, Evelin; Sammel, Anneli; Uuetoa, Maris; Villa, Inga; WHO Regional Office for Europe
Terviseedenduslikud teooriad sõidukijuhtide liikluskäitumise mõjutamiseks - Inga Villa
(2011-12-20) Eensoo, Diva; Villa, Inga
The role of reward sensitivity in obesity and its association with Transcription Factor AP2B: a longitudinal birth cohort study
(Elsevier, 2020) Katus, Urmeli; Villa, Inga; Ringmets, Inge; Pulver, Aleksander; Veidebaum, Toomas; Harro, Jaanus
Objective One factor potentially contributing to obesity is reward sensitivity. We investigated the association between reward sensitivity and measures of obesity from 9–33 years of age, paying attention to the inner structure of reward sensitivity. Methods The sample included both birth cohorts (originally n = 1176) of the Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study. The association between reward sensitivity and measures of obesity was assessed using mixed-effects regression models. Associations at ages 9 (younger cohort only), 15, 18, 25 and 33 (older cohort) years were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The indirect effect of the gene encoding transcription factor 2 beta (TFAP2B) on obesity through reward sensitivity was tested using mediation analysis. Results According to linear mixed effects regression models, an increase in scores of Insatiability by Reward and both of its components, Excessive Spending and Giving in to Cravings, significantly increased body weight, body mass index, sum of five skinfolds, waist circumference, hip circumference and waist-to-height ratio from 15 to 25 years of age. Findings were similar at age 9 and 33 years. In contrast, no association between obesity and Openness to Rewards or its facets was observed. The TFAP2B genotype was also associated with fixation to rewards in females, but not with striving towards reward multiplicity. Conclusion Our results suggest that reward sensitivity is associated with obesity by its reward fixation component. The heterogeneity of the reward sensitivity construct should be taken into account in studies on body composition.