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Universitas Tartuensis : UT : Tartu Ülikooli ajakiri 2010 nr 2
(Tartu : Tartu Ülikool, 2010-02) Merisalu, Merilyn, toimetaja
Highly drug-resistant tuberculosis in Estonia: risk factors and predictors of poor treatment outcome
(2010-02-01T08:04:42Z) Kliiman, Kai
After collapse of the Soviet Union, Estonia experienced substantial political, economic and societal changes associated with declines in many health indicators and resurgence of tuberculosis (TB). In 2000, Estonia was identified as one of the multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB “hot spots” and has afterwards consistently had one of the highest proportion of MDR-TB and extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-TB in the world. Since 2000, the TB notification rate decreased 8% per year and is now showing a flat trend in proportions of MDR-TB among new cases, however, the proportions of MDR-TB and XDR-TB have remained still high. To characterize the factors behind high proportion of MDR-TB and XDR-TB in Estonia, a retrospective, cross-sectional study involving all patients with culture-confirmed pulmonary TB diagnosed from January 2003 to December 2005 was designed. Predictors for XDR-TB were previous TB treatment, HIV-infection, homelessness, and alcohol abuse. Determinants for MDR-TB were previous TB treatment and age ≤ 65 yr. Among the patients ≤ 24 yr of age, multidrug-resistance was associated with female gender and place of birth outside Estonia. The risk factors behind poor treatment outcome in MDR-TB were HIV-infection, previous TB treatment, resistance to ofloxacin, and AFB smear-positivity at the start of treatment. Predictors of poor treatment outcome in XDR-TB were urban residence and positive AFB smear at the start of treatment. The most common cause of treatment default was alcohol abuse and the independent risk factors for treatment default were alcohol abuse, unemployment, urban residence, and previous imprisonment. These findings indicate that interventions to reduce rate of highly drug-resistant TB should be centered on socially disadvantaged patients with special supportive attention to re-treatment cases and HIV-infected patients.
Koerailm: lumi uputab külm tapab
(Maaleht, 2010-02-04) Kallis, A.
Koerailm: lumi uputab külm tapab.
(Maaleht, 2010-02-04) Kallis, A.
Kommentaaridega harjutusvara õppevideo Ruumi tähendusega prepositsioonid, postpositsioonid ja verbid juurde (saksa keel)
(Tartu Ülikool, 2010-02-05) Koorits, Katrin; Žurakovskaja, Netty; Lepa, Niina
Kommentaaridega harjutusvara õppevideo Ruumi tähendusega prepositsioonid, postpositsioonid ja verbid juurde (saksa keel)
Kommentaaridega harjutusvara õppevideo Ruumi tähendusega prepositsioonid, postpositsioonid ja verbid juurde (jaapani keel)
(Tartu Ülikool, 2010-02-05) Miyano, Eri
Kommentaaridega harjutusvara õppevideo Ruumi tähendusega prepositsioonid, postpositsioonid ja verbid juurde (jaapani keel)
Maaelu ideoloogiad ja praktikad Karula rahvuspargi ja sealsete elanike näitel
(2010-02-08T08:28:33Z) Jääts, Liisi; Tartu Ülikool. Filosoofiateaduskond; Tartu Ülikool. Ajaloo ja arheoloogia instituut; Kõresaar, Ene, juhendaja
Photosynthetic cyclic electron transport : measurement and variably proton-coupled mechanism
(Tartu University Press, 2010-02-15T07:58:58Z) Talts, Eero
In plant photosynthesis, linear electron transport (LET) from H2O to NADP+ and to CO2 further on is coupled with transmembrane H+ transport supporting ATP synthesis. The stoichiometry of 3ATP/2NADPH = 12H+/4e- is the absolute requirement for CO2 reduction. For a half of a century it has been a common belief that violations of this stoichiometry are corrected by cyclic electron transport (CET) during which some electrons are cycling around photosystem I (PSI) in an H+ coupled way. Though CET was detected in plant leaves, its rate was never exactly quantified, as well the amount of CET-related ATP synthesis was not compared with the actual ATP needs. In this work CET rate was measured and the assumed ATP synthesis quantified in leaves under experimental conditions where the metabolic ATP consumption was reduced to minimum. Differently from the present common belief, CET rate is at maximum when ATP is at maximum and its additional synthesis is unnecessary. The conclusion is that CET is variably coupled with transmembrane H+ translocation. Therefore the new model of CET is developed to explain this situation.
Welfare effects of regional policy in the constructed capital model
(Tartu University Press, 2010-02-19T10:11:30Z) Tafenau, Egle
Regional issues have recently received a lot of attention by economists, especially the case of the EU where regional inequalities are expected to increase in the course of deepening integration. Since the mid-1990s, the discussion of the effects and tools of regional policy relies often on the models of the new economic geography (NEG), which also predict an increase of regional disparities in response to decreases in trade costs. The dissertation aims to evaluate the desirability of regional policies from the viewpoint of the society as a whole based on the constructed capital model with asymmetric regions. In reviewing the models of NEG, it is concluded that they are applicable for policy relevant analysis as the results hold over a wide variety of assumptions and there is empirical evidence for their relevance in the real world. Further it is argued that the objectives of regional policy are often unclear in practice, though justified with reducing inequality and improving efficiency. Also based on the NEG regional policies can be justified with both of these arguments as the spatial distribution of economic activities achieved as the market outcome might not correspond to the socially preferred one. In spite of that, the ways of achieving a specific spatial distribution of economic activities has not gained sufficient attention in the NEG literature. Finally it is shown that social desirability of a simple policy of subsidising capital and taxing consumption expenditures depends on the underlying welfare concept and that subsidising the richer region instead of the poorer one might be preferred from the viewpoint of the whole society. Policy tools that barely directed to redistribution might not increase social welfare. Therefore, in implementing regional policies caution is needed.
E-õpikud ja e-raamatute lugerid
(2010-02-26T12:35:57Z) Lembinen, Liisi
Estica portaal: perspektiive ja võimalusi
(2010-02-26T12:42:48Z) Lõhmus, Maarja
eBooks on Demand-EOD
(2010-02-26T12:48:45Z) Kiisa, Krista; Luštšik, Maria
EOD töötuba
(2010-02-26T12:50:46Z) Kiisa, Krista
Talveseminari kava
(2010-02-26T12:56:41Z)
Depression-like phenotype and altered intracellular signalling in neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM)-deficient mice
(Tartu University Press, 2010-02-26T13:34:23Z) Aonurm-Helm, Anu
Recent hypothesis of the pathogenesis of depression links the development of this disease with reduced brain plasticity. In the central nervous system, plasticity and connectivity in the brain are mediated by the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and its polysialylated form PSA-NCAM. Therefore, according to the plasticity theory of depression, NCAM may have a crucial role in the development of this condition. NCAM is able to bind a series of counter-receptors including fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), and through the binding, activate the downstream signalling pathways, which all lead to the activation of cyclic-AMP-response element binding protein (CREB). The aim of this study was to investigate whether mice with the constitutive deficiency in NCAM exhibited dysfunctional neuronal plasticity and whether it results in the depressive-like phenotype. By using NCAM-deficient mice, NCAM interaction partners and downstream signalling pathways were studied in detail. Also was investigated, whether a synthetic peptide FGL, which mimics the actions of NCAM, is able to reverse emerged disturbances and restore the activation of intracellular signalling cascades in these animals. The results showed that NCAM deficient mice do have depression-like phenotype accompanied with reduced adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Also was seen the reduction in the activation of NCAM interaction partner FGFR and in downstream signalling pathways like calcium-calmodulin dependent kinases II and IV (CaMKII and IV) and CREB in NCAM-deficient mice. FGL peptide was able to ameliorate the signs of depressive-like behaviour, increase the neurogenesis and furthermore, FGL peptide restored the activation levels of FGFR, CaMKII, CaMKIV and CREB. The ability of FGL to modulate the levels of phosphorylated interaction partners and intracellular signalling pathways might partly explain antidepressant-like properties of the peptide.