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Cardiovascular health-related nutrition, physical activity and fitness in Estonia
(Tartu University Press, 2010-03-10T08:06:25Z) Villa, Inga
The present study was designed to assess the prevalence of cardiovascular disease lifestyle risk factors such as diet and physical activity in children and adolescents as well as to investigate the associations of these factors with overweight/obesity and the associations of cardiovascular fitness with metabolic risk. From the results it could be concluded that although healthy and positive tendencies in dietary intake occurred in schoolchildren in Estonia, still an overconsumption of fats and saturated fatty acids was observed over the observed time period and the consumption of fibre and some vitamins and minerals in schoolchildren was below suggested recommendations. The finding that differences in dietary intake between under-, normal- and overweight Estonian and Swedish schoolchildren were country-specific suggests that local dietary habits should be considered in intervention projects addressing overweight. In both Estonia and Sweden the association between body mass index (BMI) and biological factors, such as pubertal maturation and parental BMI, was stronger than between BMI and diet. α2A-Adrenoceptor gene C-1291G polymorphism had a significant effect on the consumption of sweet food products. Further research should address the issue whether or not this genotype-dependent dietary preference can be tracked to adulthood, and bring about consequences to health. The percentage of adults involved in physical activity was remarkably lower in the Baltic countries than in Finland, but no clear country difference was observed in the participation in leisure time PA among schoolchildren between the Baltic countries and Finland. Cardiovascular fitness (CVF) was associated with clustering of metabolic risk factors in children. A lower metabolic risk score was associated with higher levels of CVF in both boys and girls. The CVF levels for having a low metabolic risk have been suggested for both genders.