Sirvi Kuupäev , alustades "2010-05-07" järgi

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Jürikuul oli maa vesine, taevas tuhane.
(Maaleht, 2010-05-07) Kallis, A.
Role of endocannabinoid system and Wfs1 in regulation of emotional behaviour: behavioural, pharmacological and genetic studies
(2010-05-07T11:52:47Z) Sütt, Silva
Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychiatric disorders. The molecular mechanisms of the development of anxiety disorders are largely unknown, therefore possible new therapeutic targets in the brain were investigated. In the present study we used cat odour and the elevated plus-maze exposure to elicit anxiety-like response in Wistar rats or Wfs1 gene-deficient mice. For gene expression analysis of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), Wfs1, Gabra1 and Gabra2 genes quantitative real-time-PCR was performed. We found that only strong stress – cat odour exposure – increased some ECS genes in the mesolimbic area, but decreased their expression in the amygdala and in periaqueductal gray matter. This is probably related with different activation of brain structures in response to anxiety. High exploratory activity rats had reduced expression of Wfs1 mRNA in the mesolimbic area and hippocampus, whereas low exploratory activity rats displayed inhibited expression of the Wfs1 gene in the temporal lobe compared to control group animals. Increased anxiety after cat odour exposure in C57Bl/6 mice was accompanied by decreased level of the Wfs1 gene in the mesolimbic area and temporal lobe. Female Wfs1-deficient mice displayed increased anxiety and sensitivity to the anxiolytic action of diazepam and ethanol. This is related to the reduced level of Gabra1 and Gabra2 mRNA expression in the frontal cortex and in temporal lobe. In the present study we found that ECS and Wfs1 protein are playing a major role in the adaptation of rodents to a novel and aversive environment.
Kidney transplantation: Studies on donor risk factors and mycophenolate mofetil
(2010-05-07T12:05:08Z) Kahu, Jaanus
Kidney transplantation is a method of choice for treatment of patients with end-stage kidney disease. With the increasing number of people waiting for kidney transplantation the quality criteria for donor kidneys have been relaxed. Therefore it is crucial to assess the suitability of the donor, using kidney function, medical history, baseline biopsy, etc. Mycophelolate mofetil (MMF) has been widely used to avoid rejection after transplantation , although its benefits for long-term kidney graft survival have not been definitely demonstrated. We investigated patients with a kidney transplanted in Finland and in Estonia with follow-up time up to 6 years. Most of the studied donor risk factors influenced early graft function, while long-term graft survival was affected only by donor age, CMV serostatus and baseline histology. We found that CADI score is suitable parameter for donor kidney assessment. MMF improves graft survival in high-risk patients after kidney transplantation and reduces the negative prognostic implication of rejection episodes on graft survival. MMF dose reduction increased rejection risk, which can be avoided with concomitant tacrolimus usage.
Autoimmunity in reproductive failure: a study on associated autoantibodies and autoantigens
(2010-05-07T12:20:33Z) Reimand, Koit
Infertility, biological inability of a person to contribute to conception, refers also to a couple unable to achieve pregnancy after one year of trying. Infertility touches, for a shorter or longer period, 10-15% of couples and is caused by a variety of different diseases and conditions. Autoimmunity – immune reactions targeted against self biomolecules – is shown to be involved in some certain cases of male as well as female infertility; some types of autoantibodies are in various ways related to reproductive failure. However, many corresponding autoantigens are still not identified. Furthermore, there is a kind of controversial data about the significance of the presence of certain autoantibodies in reproductive failure. This study focused on (i) characterizing common autoantibodies as a circumstantial evidence for an involvement of autoimmunity in female infertility; (ii) clarifying the situation of autoantigenic targets in female hypogonadism associated with premature ovarian failure (POF) and autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1); (iii) finding out new testicular autoantigens besides the known ones concerning male gonadal failure and infertility. The study revealed that the non-organ-specific common autoantibodies (ANA and SMA types) are significantly more prevalent among female patients with infertility than among women of general population. Although this prevalence might be due to a variety of causes, the incidence strongly supports the argument for autoimmune reactions being involved in some cases of female infertility. Secondly, 3βHSD autoantibodies, reported as POF-associated (with 21% prevalence), appear to be seldom (prevalence 2.4%) in case of these patients. Therefore their significance as a single diagnostic biomarker for POF is modest. Thirdly, a testis-expressed protein TSGA10 reveals as an autoantigen by human testis cDNA library immunoscreening with APS-1 male patients sera. A few (7%) APS-1 male and female patients’ sera contained TSGA10 autoantibodies but without any clinical association with gonadal failure in these patients. These autoantibodies persist in an APS-1 male patient sera during 25 years follow up. However, the significance of TSGA10 autoreactivity in APS-1 remains indistinct.