Sirvi Märksõna "Arktika" järgi

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Aasta põhjapoolusel : [ekspeditsioonipäevik]
(1960) Volovitš, Vitali
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Estimating methods and variability of atmospheric humidity over the Baltic Region and the Arctic
(2015-04-29) Keernik, Hannes
Kuna veeauru ruumiline jaotumine mõjutab otseselt sademete ja pilvede teket, keemilisi reaktsioone ning kiirguslevi atmosfääris, on see oluline nii hetkeilma kui kliima kujundaja. Veeauru, kui kõige olulisema kasvuhoonegaasi mõõtmisel on endiselt suurimaks probleemiks selle ajalise ja ruumilise muutlikkuse kirjeldamine. Kuigi õhusamba niiskussisalduse (precipitable water, PW) määramisviise on mitmeid, pole neist veel ühtki seatud etalonmeetodi staatusesse. See tekitab jätkuva vajaduse viia läbi võrdluskatseid. Antud doktoritöö eesmärkideks oli uurida atmosfääriniiskuse pikaajalisi trende erinevatel kõrgusnivoodel Soome ja Eesti kohal alates 1980. aastatest, selgitada suvist PW ööpäevast käiku Läänemere piirkonnas, hinnata Eestis kasutusel olevate PW määramismeetodite täpsust ja valideerida viit levinuimat globaalset järelanalüüsi atmosfääriniiskuse määramisel Arktikas. Doktoritöö tulemusena selgub, et Soome ja Eesti kohal on viimastel aastakümnetel kuni 7 km ulatuses aset leidnud soojenemine, maapinnalähedases 2 km kihis on täheldatav ka niiskussisalduse kasv. Läänemere piirkonnas saavutab PW mere ja suuremate järvede kohal maksimumi öösel ja miinimumi hilisõhtul. Võrreldes käiguga suuremate veekogude kohal, on ööpäevane käik maismaa kohal ümberpööratud – maksimum saabub hilisõhtul ja miinimum varahommikul. Õhusamba niiskussisalduse määramisel on Eestis kasutusel olevatest hindamisviisidest parim alternatiiv raadiosondile, kui ajaloolisele referentsmeetodile, GPS-meetod.
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Fram Polaarmeres. 1. osa
(1959) Nansen, Fridtjof
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Fram polaarmeres. 2 : norralaste ekspeditsioon 1893-1896
(1959) Nansen, Fridtjof
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Fridtjof Nansen'i reisijuhtumised Põhja-Jäämere jääl ja pimeduses.
(1898) Nansen, Fridtjof
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Impact of sustainable development management on attractiveness of tourism destination: case of Russian Arctic
(Tartu Ülikooli Pärnu Kolledž, 2023) Vasilev, Kirill; Kumm, Monika, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Pärnu Kolledž; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Pärnu Kolledž. Turismiosakond
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In nakht un shney unter 86° 14'
(Varshe : Shimin, 1921) Johansen, Hjalmar
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Interests and international regimes: Explaining cooperation in Arctic disputes
(Tartu Ülikool, 2020) Jorbenadze, Luka; McNamara, Eoin Micheál, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
Since the end of the Cold War international politics in the Arctic have been characterized by unusual level of cooperation among states. More recently, climate change has allowed the states to increase their presence and activity in the region, making the Arctic increasingly relevant in world politics. This process has been reflected by growing attention from the academia to the dynamics of conflict and cooperation in the region. In order to contribute to the existing knowledge on the dynamics of conflict and cooperation in the Arctic, this thesis studies three disputes regarding delimitation in the Barents Sea; continental shelf claims in the central Arctic Ocean and the status of the Northern Sea Route. The thesis aims to explain why nations cooperate during disputes in the Arctic. The expectations, that the states cooperate based on compatibility of interests, while international regimes facilitate cooperation, are drawn from the functional theory of international regimes developed by Robert Keohane. Using qualitative content analysis, Arctic strategy documents of the countries are studied to determine the interests of the countries in the region in general and in regards to the disputes in particular. The same method is used to analyze the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea as an international regime. Using the results from those steps, developments of the three disputes are analyzed to find out if the states had complementary interests relevant to the disputes, if the states cooperated and if so, if the regime contributed to cooperation during the dispute. The thesis finds that the states had complementary interests relevant to the disputes in all three cases. The states cooperated and used the functions provided by the regime in those cases where the regime was available and they did not cooperate when the regime was not available. The findings confirm the expectations of the theory.
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Maa- ja Mere-pildid. 3. jagu
(1887) Kreutzwald, Friedrich Reinhold
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Maailma maad ja rahvad : tänapäeva maailm sõnas ja pildis. I [köide]
(1930) Tammekann, August, toimetaja; Kant, Edgar, toimetaja
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Mutual effects of wind speed, air temperature and sea ice concentration in the Arctic and their teleconnections with climate variability in the eastern Baltic Sea region
(2018-05-14) Jakobson, Liisi; Jaagus, Jaak, juhendaja; Jakobson, Erko, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Loodus- ja täppisteaduste valdkond
The Arctic is a key region from the perspective of the climatic change. Over the past half century, the Arctic region has warmed at about twice the global rate. It is essential to document and understand the changes, which is much more difficult in the Arctic than for example in the middle-latitudes. One of the biggest problem in the investigations is the spatial irregularity of data. Meteorological stations, which are difficult and expensive to establish and maintain, are sparsely distributed over the Arctic Ocean. We had a rare opportunity to use unique data collected during the Tara expedition. These data were not included into data assimilations and had a high vertical resolution. This gave us a chance to validate atmospheric reanalyses, which are widely applied in the Arctic research. The first ranked was ERA-Interim, still, no single product seems to agree better in all fields. The best reanalyses product for investigating near-surface variables turned out to be NCEP-CFSR. We used this reanalyses product to reveal interactions between 10 m wind speed and the key element of the Arctic climate system – the sea ice. Results showed that not only near-surface winds are influencing the sea ice; also, sea ice is influencing the near-surface winds. Decreasing sea ice generates less stable stratification and stronger near-surface winds. With good vertical resolution data from Tara expedition, for the first time, low-level jets and their generation mechanisms were characterised in the central Arctic. It helps modellers to improve models in the Arctic region. Why we should be interested in changes and interactions in the Arctic region? Because changes there may influence our weather and climate. Results showed that the temperature and wind speed at the 1000 hPa in the eastern Baltic Sea region have significant teleconnection with the sea ice concentration in some regions of the Arctic Ocean in all seasons. By tracking down the teleconnections between the rapidly changing Arctic region and the eastern Baltic Sea region we can get valuable information about possible future trends even if the changes in both regions were caused by a third factor. First attempts has been done to reveal the physical background of these interactions. Future work is needed to improve the understanding about it.
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New regionalist approach to multilateral cooperation in the High North
(Tartu Ülikool, 2016) Mändoja, Siim; Makarychev, Andrey, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
The thesis at hand deals with the different aspects concerning the regional integration process in the Arctic. As a region with huge economic potential and a relatively heterogeneous set of regional actors, consisting of nation-states, NGOs and indigenous populations, the Arctic certainly merits researches of this type to be conducted. The theoretical foundation of this paper relies on the concept of New Regionalism (also New Regionalism Approach – NRA) which concentrates on the new type of regional formations emerging in the post-Cold War era. Incorporating a wide range of issues and a multi-level approach to regional integration, NRA provides a good analytical framework for investigating a region such as Arctic, where, since the end of the Cold War, regional integration process has been on full speed. As a result of the analysis conducted in this thesis, it was found that although the regional integration process has gained significant momentum in the last two-and-a-half decades, it has reached to a point where stagnation (or even reversal of the integration process) is more possible than further integration. As an explanation, several factors, such as limited political agenda and competing sovereignty claims, can be brought out. Nevertheless, it was also determined that the overall potential for military conflict in the region remains low (although not completely absent). It was also found that factors such as global warming, whilst contributing to some elements of regional integration, can be seen as having a negative effect on others. Finally, it was concluded that as the region is in constant change (both in political and climatic sense), new studies should be conducted periodically to stay on top of things.
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Suurvõimude geopoliitika Arktikas: kasvavad pinged USA ja Venemaa vahel
(Tartu Ülikool, 2024) Manitski, Artur; Toomla, Raul, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
Käesoleva bakalaureusetöö eesmärk on uurida Ameerika Ühendriikide ja Venemaa Föderatsiooni geopoliitilist rivaliteeti Arktikas. Sellest tulenevalt seletab autor riikide käitumist regioonis läbi neorealismi teooria. Töö läbiviimiseks esitati uurimisküsimused ja hüpoteesid, mille eesmärkideks oli analüüsida kahe riigi käitumist kindlaks määratud ajaperioodil (2007-tänapäev). Esiteks uuriti, millised on riikide peamised strateegilised eesmärgid Arktikas. Teiseks uuriti seda, kuidas Venemaa on suur aktiivsus Arktikas viinud USA-d oma rolli Arktika suurriigina ümber mõtestama. Töö koostamisel on kasutatud juhtumipõhist uurimismeetodit, mille raames viidi läbi kvalitatiivne sisuanalüüs, et tõlgendada uuritavate riikide käitumist lähtudes kindlast ajaraamistikust ning teoreetilisest raamistikust. Andmeanalüüsis on kasutatud uuritavate riikide Arktika strateegiaid, teadusartikleid ning muid teemakohaseid allikaid. Töö tulemusena selgub, et Arktikas on kujunenud välja geopoliitiline rivaliteet USA ja Venemaa vahel. Põhinedes töö teoreetilisele raamistikule, jõutakse järelduseni, et Arktikas on tekkinud on tekkinud julgeolekudilemma, millest tulenevalt on tõenäoline et jätkub pingete kasv ja suureneb konfliktioht piirkonnas.
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To deter or not to deter? Understanding the A7 & NATO’s choice for deterrence in the Arctic
(Tartu Ülikool, 2024) Padrón Salinas, Belén; Linsenmaier, Thomas, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
Deterrence is is a strategy aimed at preventing adversaries from taking unwanted actions by threatening credible consequences. This security practice is well-rehearsed by NATO, but conducting deterrence in the Arctic’s international waters presents a series of questions regarding rational calculations that makes this choice puzzling. This thesis examines the logic behind choosing deterrence in the Arctic post-2022, amidst rising tensions between NATO and Russia, exploring the ritual features of NATO's deterrent discourse. Through Mälksoo’s ritual approach and conducting Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), the thesis scrutinises the A7 and NATO’s deterrence discourse, particularly focusing on speech acts and their role in generating ontological security and identity. The analysis intersects the ritual approach with critical studies to reveal ritual-like features in NATO's deterrence discourse, characterised by ambiguity, repetition, the underscore of symbolic values, and a lack of specific delineation of red-lines and interests. The thesis concludes that the choice of deterrence in the Arctic post-2022 can be explained to the extent that ritual discourse produces ontological security. Ritual deterrence discourse is pivotal in addressing ontological insecurity among Arctic nations, fostering stability and identity alignment within the alliance, and reinforcing the identity of the A7 by aligning with NATO’s stance. This study emphasises the necessity for clearer messaging, defining specific target audiences and adversaries, and establishing explicit boundaries to mitigate ambiguity. Furthermore, future research should explore the interplay between physical security concerns and deterrence strategies, offering insights into reflexive decision-making and alternative approaches to security challenges.
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Tragöödia Põhja-Jäämerel : [U. Nobile ekspeditsioonist Põhjapoolusele]
(1969) Behounek, František
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Voices of the Arctic: understanding Indigenous securitising moves in the Willow Project, ANWR leases, and the Gállok/Kallak mine
(Tartu Ülikool, 2024) Jamerson, Lindsay; Pääbo, Heiko, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
In the last two decades, the Arctic has experienced an increase in extractive industry projects. The resource extraction, motivated by the need for green energy transitions and made easier by global warming, has significantly impacted the security of Indigenous populations occupying their ancestral territory in the Arctic. The Iñupiat, Gwich’in, and Swedish Sami are all actively affected by extractive industry projects in their regions. The Willow Project, the ANWR Leasing Scheme, and the Gállok/Kallak mine, respectively, have become a flashpoint for environmental and political debate and have brought Indigenous perspectives to the forefront of public discourse. This research aimed to determine how Indigenous nations securitised extractive projects and what effect the securitised had on the project’s approval. Using securitisation theory, the speech acts of Indigenous security actors from the three Indigenous nations were collected and analysed to determine if Indigenous security, while using the language of human security, voices the threat of either ontological or societal insecurity. The findings indicate that Indigenous nations construct security threats as ontological or societal threats based on their political and cultural standing but justify the threat at the human security level.
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Моряки-пограничники Заполярья в годы Великой Отечественной войны Советского Союза : июнь 1941-1944 г.г.
(Tartu Riiklik Ülikool, 1966) Trubitsõn, P.; Raid, Jaroslav, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Humanitaarteaduste ja kunstide valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Ajaloo ja arheoloogia instituut