Sirvi Märksõna "Euroopa Liit" järgi

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2009. aasta Euroopa Parlamendi valimiste meediakajastus: Eesti rahvusvahelises võrdluses
(Tartu Ülikool, 2010) Lass, Liisu; Lauristin, Marju, juhendaja; Pullerits, Evelin, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond; Tartu Ülikool. Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut
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2017 Catalan independence referendum: the projection of Russian strategic narratives by RT and Sputnik
(Tartu Ülikool, 2018) Voltri, Johannes; Makarychev, Andrey, juhendaja; Sazonov, Vladimir, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
During the recent years, Russia has been accused in meddling in the internal affairs of Western countries on several occasions. Claims of Russian information campaign have also surfaced related to the Catalan independence referendum, held on 1 October 2017. Although there have been some analyses the author is not aware of any wider academic research examining Russian information activity related to the referendum. The aim of the thesis was to identify the strategic narratives that Russia disseminated to the English-language audience in relation to the Catalan independence referendum, and connect them with broader Russian foreign policy interests. The author, inter alia, seek to ascertain why Russia was interested in Catalonia in the first place and how it is used various communicative tools to achieve its goals. The author set a hypothesis that Russia was taking advantage of the events in Catalonia to enfeeble the European Union. To test the hypothesis the author conducted a poststructuralist discourse analysis on the content of Sputnik and RT that was published between 1 September and 31 October 2017. Apart from the news articles, television coverage of RT was also analysed. The coverage was viewed through the prism of the strategic narratives theory by Miskimmon, O’Loughlin and Roselle in connexion with the discourse theory of Laclau and Mouffe. The author ascertained that the tense and at times violent conflict in Catalonia gave Russia a pretext to amplify the tensions and direct the coverage towards the European Union. Russia first argued for the intervention of the EU to give the conflict an international dimension. As the EU remained a bystander, Russia actively projected an identity narrative of the EU as hypocritical and not living up to the democratic values it serves to epitomise. EU was shown in decay and in the process of disintegration with an intent to weaken the West’s hegemony and by doing this strive for a multilateral world order where the role of Russia would be increased. The hypothesis was thus confirmed. The work contributes to the wider efforts of elucidating the range and technique of Russian information activities and demonstrates that Russia has vested interest not only in its close neighbourhood but also further away where it is not and active player itself.
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6th ECPR Graduate Student Confrence, 10-13 July 2016
(Tartu: University of Tartu, 2016) Tartu Ülikool
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A "new institutional" perspective on energy policy network formation: a case study of the Central and Eastern European Sustainable Energy Network
(Tartu Ülikool, 2018) Davidovi, Giorgi; Muhhina, Kristina, juhendaja; Pagan, Hector C., juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
The research looked at the successful policy network formation process in new EU energy governance perspective and studied the CEESEN Central and Eastern European Sustainable Energy Network case. Thesis used “New Institutionalism” analytical framework to approach the successful network formation process. Thesis addressed the question of how meanings and purposes of EU new energy governance constrain and contribute to the successful emergence of policy networks in the case of the Central and Eastern European Sustainable Energy Network CEESEN. The study made tentative suggestion that the successful policy network formation happens by institutionalizing the structures of meanings via standardization, homogenization, and authorization of meanings in the case of CEESEN network. Qualitative Content Analysis was used to approach the date. Analysis consisted of 8 interviews with core and secondary network members, network materials and documentation, EU energy policy documents. Thesis brought a theoretical contribution to the institutionalization and network formation theory, provided a practical recommendation to the policy field and suggested further research avenues.
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A normative assessment of the legal philosophy of the european union using the grundnorm theory of hans kelsen
(Tartu Ülikooli Euroopa Kolledž, 2014) Vern-Barnett, Adam; Laffranque, Julia, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Euroopa Kolledž
This thesis assesses the normative basis of the law of the European Union according to selected theories of legal and ethical philosophy. Firstly it employs the methodology of legal theorist Hans Kelsen, who envisioned a legal order as a hierarchy of norms with a central norm or Grundnorm at the peak of this hierarchy. Ten such norms are identified within the EU Treaties and related documents, and encompass values such as the ‘promotion of peace’, the ‘rule of law’ and ‘democracy’. However, an examination of the jurisprudential approach of the Court of Justice, which occupies a prominent place in the constitutional law of the EU legal order alongside the Treaties, suggests that the Grundnorm of the EU law is of a functional nature, and is chiefly concerned with the establishment and maintenance of the European Common Market. An assessment of this Grundnorm using the contrasting ethical theories of Kantianism and utilitarianism suggests that the legal philosophy of the European Union is thus consequentially ethical, as the European Common Market brings many benefits, but it is not primarily governed by the protection of deontological values, with these values consistently subordinated to the Common Market Grundnorm. It is then suggested that the functional basis of this Grundnorm will create problems for the ethical legitimacy of the EU legal order in the longer term; it has been constructed in this way by the Court of Justice due to the identity crisis of the Community as caused by the on-going democratic deficit. Thus an ideal Grundnorm for the EU legal system should have a core basis in ethical values, especially those relating to democracy, human rights and the rule of law.
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Acting is everything: the European Union and the process of becoming a peacebuilder
(2016-06-16) Poopuu, Birgit; Mälksoo, Maria, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond.
Asjaolu, et Euroopa Liidu ühise julgeoleku- ja kaitsepoliitika (ÜJKP) raames korraldatud rahumissioone on valdavalt uuritud ühe rakursi alt, lähtudes aritmeetilise tehte loogikast, on tinginud võrdlemisi kitsa fookuse, eeskätt tõhusust ja võimeid silmas pidades, vaadelduna ÜJKP seisukohalt. Seetõttu on ka rahumissioonide sisu ja eesmärgid omandanud käibetõe staatuse ning debatt nende üle on jäänud minimaalseks. Selles doktoriväitekirjas seatakse uurimise keskmesse rahumissioonide sisu ja eesmärkide problemaatika. Ma ei väida, et ELi rahuoperatsioone saab panna võrduma kindla valemiga, vaid pigem uurin ELi kui rahuehitaja identiteeti, st kuidas EL aktiivselt räägib ja teeb ehk aktiivselt loob tähendusi oma rahuoperatsioonidest. Käsitledes ELi rahuoperatsioone kui diskursiivseid tähendusekandjaid, vaadeldakse rääkimise ja tegemise dünaamikat, mis võimaldab ELi ÜJKPd vaadelda kui protsessi, mis on liikumises. Selline lähenemine lubab mul jälgida, kuidas EL mõtestab oma rolli rahuehitajana ja mis on need „lahendused”, mida ta konfliktidele vastuseks pakub. Toetudes kriitilistele teooriatele (versus traditsioonilisemad käsitlused), avaneb mulle mitmeid tehnikaid, et võtta luubi alla rahuoperatsioonide produktid (nt julgeolek, õigusriik). Ma vaatlen identiteeti dialoogi mõiste kaudu, mis tähendab, et ELi ÜJKP identiteet kujuneb dialoogis mitmete teiste toimijatega/arusaamadega. See omakorda joonib alla identiteedi sügavalt relatsioonilise ja kontekstuaalse mõõtme. Poststrukturalistlik lähenemine lubab uurida võimusuhteid, mis avalduvad ELi koostööpartneri(te) valikul ÜJKP elluviimisel ja seetõttu ka ELi rahuehitaja identiteedi dialoogilises kujunemises. Lisaks juba tutvustatud mõistetele toetub minu väitekiri õiglase rahu mõistele, mis annab kindla tähenduste raami ELi arusaamast rahu mõtestamisel. ÜJKP identiteedi analüüs keskendub kolmele ELi seisukohalt märgilisele rahuoperatsioonile, millest kaks kätkevad endas teatavat lähenemist julgeolekule (Kongo Demokraatlikus Vabariigis ja Bosnia ja Hertsegoviinas) ning üks lähtub konkreetsest õigusriigi käsitusest (Kosovos). Oma analüüsis võtan kasutusele mitmesuguseid poststruktrualistliku diskursuse analüüsi võtteid, mis võimaldavad ELi rahu ehitamisel uurida pakutavate lahenduste (nt julgeolek ja õigusriik) tähendusi. Analüüs näitab, et peamine väärtus, millele ELi ÜJKP diskursus keskendub, on tegutsemise olulisus. Nimelt peab EL tegutsemist kui sellist rahumissiooni edu pandiks, pööramata tähelepanu missiooni sisule või selle tulemitele.
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Aktsiaseltsi piiriülese asutamisega seotud küsimusi Euroopa Liidus ja Eestis (asukohaõiguse teooria ja inkorporatsiooniteooria)
(Tartu Ülikool, 2000) Veski, Kerli; Pisuke, Heiki, juhendaja
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Algoritmiline diskrimineerimine tarbijakrediidi väljastamisel ja selle õiguslik regulatsioon Euroopa Liidus
(Tartu Ülikool, 2025-06-20) Kask, Andra; Sein, Karin, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Õigusteaduskond. Eraõiguse osakond
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Ameerika Ühendriikide ja Euroopa Liidu terrorismi puudutava normatiivse baasi võrdlus 2001-2009
(Tartu Ülikool, 2014) Väljataga, Triin; Made, Vahur, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Filosoofiateaduskond; Tartu Ülikool. Ajaloo ja arheoloogia instituut
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An insight to the EU military missions in Africa: French leadership and beyond
(Tartu Ülikool, 2014) Särg, Laura; Berg, Eiki, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond; Tartu Ülikool. Riigiteaduste instituut
The aim of the thesis is to analyse the leadership role member states – in particular France – play in implementing the European Union`s Common Foreign and Security Policy with military crisis management missions in Africa. To that end, the research conducted in this thesis is placed within the framework of liberal intergovernmentalist (LI) theory. LI presupposes the centrality of the nation state in the European integration project, allowing for a closer analysis of the development of the Common Security and Defence Policy, and of the member states interests and motivations in the process, coupled with the limitations the system places on possible outcomes, with a focus on France. This is then placed in the integral context of the EU military missions to Africa, starting with Operation Artemis to the Democratic Republic of Congo, followed by EUFOR DRC, EUFOR Chad/CAR and Operation Atalanta/EU NAVFOR, with a brief overview of two non-missions that were under consideration. The thesis argues that EU military interventions in Africa are primarily done at the leadership of France, with the necessity of unanimity and compromise in a heterogeneous, ambiguous framework together with a need for political will and resource allocation from member states severely limits mission mandates as well as gives them a secondary rationale beyond humanitarian considerations.
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An Integrated Usability Framework for Evaluating Open Government Data Portals: Comparative Analysis of EU and GCC Countries
(Tartu Ülikool, 2024) Molodtsov, Fillip; Nikiforova, Anastasija, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Loodus- ja täppisteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Arvutiteaduse instituut
See uuring uurib avatud valitsuse andmete (OGD) portaalide kriitilist rolli läbipaistvuse ja koostöö edendamisel erinevate sidusrühmade vahel. Tunnustades kasutatavuse, mitmekesise elanikkonnaga suhtlemise ja strateegilise väärtuse loomise väljakutseid, töötab käesolev dokument välja integreeritud raamistiku OGD portaali tõhususe hindamiseks, mis mahutab kasutajate mitmekesisust (sõltumata nende andmekirjaoskusest ja keelest), hindab koostööd ja osalemist ning kasutajate võimet uurida ja mõista nende kaudu esitatud andmeid. Raamistiku valideerimiseks kohaldatakse seda 33 Euroopa Liidu (EL) ja Pärsia lahe koostöönõukogu (GCC) riigi portaali suhtes, mille tulemusena hinnati iga portaali, koguti statistikat portaalide toimivuse kohta, reastati portaalid, tuletati portaalide parimad tavad ja valupunktid, selgitati välja portaalide kujundamise suundumused ja koostööalgatused portaalide vahel, tehti punktimaatriksil põhinev klasteranalüüs. Klastrite analüüs (K-Means, hierarhiline) määrab, milliste klastritega konsulteerida, sõltuvalt dimensioonide tugevustest. Kõigi eespool nimetatud analüüside põhjal on esitatud üheksateist soovitust. Eelkõige paljastab uuring GCC OGD portaalide konkurentsivõime ja uuenduslikkuse, tuues välja konkreetsed valdkonnad, nagu mitmekeelne tugi ja andmete arusaadavus. Tulemused rõhutavad andmete kvaliteedi mõõdikute paljastamise kasvavat suundumust ning toetavad kasutajate ja portaalide esindajate vaheliste sidekanalite täiustamist. Üldiselt aitab uuring kiirendada kasutajasõbralike, koostööl põhinevate ja jätkusuutlike OGD-portaalide arengut, kõrvaldades samas varasemates teadusuuringutes tuvastatud lüngad.
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Analysis of usage of public sector e-services in the EU: case study of Estonia
(Tartu Ülikool, 2018) Õnnik, Indrek; Solvak, Mihkel, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
In a situation where the world is moving towards digitalization and automation of e-services it is vital for service providers to maintain a competitive edge and utilize the full benefits of the circumstances. Much like to the private sector, also the public sector service providers need to think how to engage more individuals and get them to use their services in a more efficient way. For that reason more and more e-services provided by the public sector are designed and created. However, that is only the first step of the challenge and the real difficulties start when these service providers try to get individuals to use those services. Similarly the European Union has a challenge in front of it where more and more Member States are moving towards digital solutions, but face the challenge of engaging their citizens. In addition there is an uneven situation across the European Union as some Member States struggle more and seem to be falling behind. In this research paper, a more in depth analysis is being carried out on the real factors that influence individuals to be more engaged in using e-services provided by the public sector. In order to determine what these influencers are, a theoretical background is set in the first part of the paper. In that part, it is discussed, relying on theoretical data as well as official documents published by various institutions of the European Union, what is perceived to affect the decisions of individuals as well as how the impact is distributed between them. As a result of that, a closer look is taken upon trust, access, digital skills, and knowledge of verification methods as well as socio-demographic circumstances like age, gender and education. In the second part of the research paper, a logistic regression analysis is carried out to measure the impact of and statistical significance of those variables in a situation where the dependent variable is usage of a specific e-service provided by the public sector. In the context of this research paper, the focus is on internet based voting in Estonia as it is a public sector e-service, which because of its nature and significance, requires presumably a higher level of trust and capabilities of individuals The results are discussed after the analysis is carried out and ideas for further development as well as limitations of the research are evaluated.
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Antiteetiline identiteediloome kui strateegiline narratiiv
(Tartu Ülikool, 2020) Tamm, Daniel; Ventsel, Andreas, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Humanitaarteaduste ja kunstide valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Filosoofia ja semiootika instituut
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Application of the European Union's human security approach to the European Union Monitoring Mission to Georgia
(Tartu Ülikool, 2016) Apriashvili, Mariam; Linsenmaier, Thomas, juhendaja; Vits, Kristel, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
This Master’s thesis explores the way in which human security agenda has found its way into the security practices of an emerging security actor, the European Union (EU). In this context, while the work introduces the human security concept in the realm of the EU, in particular in the framework of Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), the European Union Monitoring Mission in Georgia (EUMM Georgia) is being examined as a case where human security is put in practice. Thesis puts forward a set of three interrelated questions: Firstly, whether human security approach was followed by the EU in EUMM Georgia and secondly, how it was implemented. For this purpose, the six principles of human security, defined by Madrid Report of 2007 will be scrutinized and will be used as an indicator to measure practical implementation of the EU human security approach on the ground, in case of EUMM Georgia. And thirdly, it goes on to explore what was the rationale for the EU to opt for this approach. In order to account for this latter, the thesis applies both Constructivist and Rationalist theories along the human security concept in the framework of the EU’s CSDP, and argues that it is the combination of rationalist calculation and considerations of appropriateness that leads the EU to adopt a human security approach in CSDP, in this case in EUMM Georgia.
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Assessing Russian impact on the Western Balkan countries' EU accession: cases of Croatia and Serbia
(Tartu Ülikool, 2017) Zorić, Bojana; Braghiroli, Stefano, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
The matter of EU enlargement to the Western Balkans has become overshadowed by pressing issues such as Brexit, the rise of the radical right and international terrorism. Notwithstanding the pressure to address these issues accordingly, increasing tensions and ethnic outbursts across the Western Balkans are reason enough for the European Union to devote significant attention to accession talks. This thesis addresses the Western Balkan countries’ Europeanization process with consideration of Russia as an external actor. The inclinations of Western Balkan countries toward the EU incite Moscow to increase its presence in the region with the aim of diverting countries from the path to European integration. Drawing on the theory of liberal intergovernmentalism and a rational approach to European integration, the research argues that the rational and pragmatic impetus behind the Europeanization dynamic brings to the forefront long-term economic, security and geopolitical benefits for the Western Balkan countries. By assessing the candidate countries’ progress amid EU negotiations, the thesis suggests that the countries’ bilateral ties with Russia have an impact on the Europeanization process. This tendency is particularly visible in Chapter 31 Foreign, security, and defence policy of the acquis communautaire. The broader geopolitical framework comprises the multifaceted relationship between the EU and Russia that is crucial for understanding the dynamics of EU-Western Balkans-Russia triangle.
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Assessing the development of Germany’s influence at the EU level in three recent crises
(Tartu Ülikool, 2016) Meresma, Kerstin; Braghiroli, Stefano, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
The aim of this thesis is to research the development of the projection of Germany’s influence through three crises that have fractured the project know as the European Union (EU). The crises in question are the security crisis, the refugee crisis and the Eurozone crisis. These three issues that the EU has faced have significantly influenced each state within the union and the EU as an organisation as a whole. Thus analysing Germany’s political influence on the policies made on the supranational level and comparing them with national policies is a good way to determine whether or not the policies practiced nationally and supra-nationally overlap. Firstly, liberal intergovernmentalism will be used as the theoretical framework for this thesis, it will be introduced and conceptualised. Additionally, critical discourse analysis will be used for an in depth analysis of the three cases subject to research in this thesis. Secondly, the methodology of the research will be provided and explained followed by the three case studies. The security crisis in the EU refers to Russia’s growing hostility towards the west and annexation of Crimea. Secondly, the refugee crisis refers to the Syria migrant crisis that started in the beginning of 2014. Since then, over a million people have travelled to the outer borders of the EU to seek asylum in Europe. Thirdly, The Eurozone crisis that began with the economic collapse of Greece and its inability to meet the requirements of ECB (European Central Bank) for financial aid greatly influenced the EMU (European Monetary Union) as a whole. The research will be based on official government documents available on the German Federal website and only material available in English will be used. Each case study will a have set of 5-7 indicators that will project the relationship between German and EU- level policies. The indicators are based on the articles of the Treaty of the European Union.
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Assessing the Europeanisation of fight against corruption in the candidate countries and Eastern neighbours
(Tartu Ülikool, 2021) Mamedov, Gadir; Braghiroli, Stefano, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
Fight against corruption is an essential element of good governance that has become an inalienable part of EU Enlargement and Neighbourhood Policy. Progress in the fight against corruption depends on many mechanisms and factors, such as effective conditionality, domestic conditions, and empowerment of civil society organisations. This thesis investigates the relationship between these factors and the progress in the fight against corruption in Western Balkan and Eastern Partnership countries bounded by post-communist legacy. Progress in fight against corruption is measured through two alternative indices: EU-assessed index based on the annual reports and World Bank’s Control of Corruption index. Mixed methods were employed for testing hypotheses and causal mechanisms. Beta regression, modified by adding fixed effects and lagged dependent variable, was used to analyse effects and strength of predictors on panel data containing 148 observations. Validation of the results of statistical model and understanding of interconnection and development of various mechanisms was conducted with help of process tracing method. The results of statistical models found relationship between policy-specific conditionality and progress in the fight against corruption. However, policy-specific conditionality loses its effect once the reward is achieved by a partner country. Another interesting finding is that civil society organisations are positively associated with the higher level of progress in the EU-assessed reports, while it has a non-significant and opposite direction in the models with Control of Corruption index. Finally, process tracing revealed strong interconnection between the preferential fit of the government and empowerment of civil society. Civil Society is necessary for ensuring local ownership of the reforms and achieving the progress, but it can be involved in policy making process only if the government allows so. Presence of policy-specific conditionality and communication of CSO with the EU do not change situation towards higher progress, unless former conditions emerge. Results and conclusions of this study suggest how the EU conditionality logic could be adjusted to better promote democracy and good governance in the EU neighbourhood without reproducing adverse effects of state capture and status-quo legitimisation for which the EU Neighbourhood Policy is criticized.
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Assessing the political factors behind the progress in Turkey’s accession process into the European Union
(Tartu Ülikool, 2016) Mandre, Maris; Braghiroli, Stefano, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
objective of this thesis was to explore the extent to which political factors have influenced Turkey’s accession process into the European Union. The thesis first discussed the Europeanization literature to frame Turkey’s integration with the EU. The theoretical basis for the role of the EU member states was then framed through the two-level game and the theory of liberal intergovernmentalism. The theoretical framework implied that the member states are central actors in the EU, as they forward their rational interests between the domestic and international levels. Furthermore, member states’ central role in the enlargement process is also apparent, as the condition of unanimity of all of the EU decisions reflects. The negotiation process between the EU and Turkey as the main part of the accession was the central subject of the present analysis. The first, essential part of the analysis sought to track Turkey’s progress based on the European Commission’s annual progress reports on Turkey in the years 2005-2015. Turkey’s progress in alignment with the EU acquis in the 33 chapters was measured using quali-quantitative methods; and the cases used for further analysis were selected following the logic of most similar system design. The resulting selection of chapters were found to share a similar pattern in their progression as they were all well advanced. However, the chapters differed in the status that they had achieved by 2015. Continuing with the analysis, it appeared that the negotiations have essentially reached a deadlock. Namely, three of the analyzed chapters were subject to a blockage from a member state or suspended by the EU Council, thus could not be opened to negotiations for political reasons. Somewhat surprisingly, political factors also affected chapters that were open and technically advanced enough to be provisionally closed. The stalling of negotiations based on the chapters assessed in the present work, in one way or another, stems from the ‘Cyprus question’. The key finding in this work was that the capabilities of the member states to influence the process may be essential in the EU enlargement, as is the case with Turkey’s membership application. Therefore, even with Turkey’s continuing progress in the negotiation areas, it is clear that there is a presence of strong political factors which determine the limited rate of the accession process.
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Avaliku ja erasektori partnerluse alused EL riigihankeõiguse paradigmas
(Tartu Ülikool, 2013) Sannik, Rait; Arumäe, Urmas, juhendaja; Varblane, Uku, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Euroopa Kolledž
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Avatud perekeskuse teenus sotsiaalset sidusust toetava meetmena Soomes ja Eestis EL poliitikate kontekstis
(Tartu Ülikool, 2018) Pulver, Katri; Kutsar, Dagmar, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
Käesoleva magistritöö eesmärgiks oli analüüsida avatud perekeskuse teenust kui sotsiaalse sidususe toetamise meedet kodus last hooldavate vanemate subjektiivsel hinnangul Eestis ja Soomes. Avatud perekeskuse teenuse tõhususe analüüsimiseks kasutas autor sotsiaalse sidususe ja sotsiaalse investeerimise teooriaid. Selgitamaks, millised meetmed võiksid olla tõhusamad väikelastega vanemate sotsiaalse sidususe toetamiseks, tegi autor kõigepealt ülevaate EL-i liikmesriikides pakutavast toest lapsevanematele ja analüüsis, milliseid meetmeid või perede toetamise strateegiaid võib lugeda tõhusamateks. Analüüsist selgus, et peresid universaalselt toetavad meetmeid võib lugeda tõhusamatemaks vajadusepõhistest toetamise meetmetest. Lisaks selgus, et väikelastega perede toetamine läbi teenuste on tõhusam, kui nende toetamine läbi rahaliste vahendite. Selgus, et hästi toimivad pered ei ole EL-i poliitika kujundamisel saanud piisavalt tähelepanu, samuti ei ole levinud meetmed vanemluse toetamiseks. Küll aga võib väikelapsega kodus veedetud aeg muuta lapsevanemad ühiskonnas vähekaasatud sihtgrupiks, kelle vähese kaasatuse tagajärjel võivad halveneda nii nende enda väljavaated püsida ühiskonnas aktiivsete liikmetena ja naasta peagi tagasi tööturule kui ka väikelastele pakutav kasvukeskkond. Ka töö autori poolt läbi viidud intervjuud lapsevanematega kinnitasid väikelaste vanemate vajadust vanemaid toetavate teenuste järele. Käesolevast tööst ilmnes, et Soomes laialdaselt pakutav avatud perekeskuse teenus mõjub tõhusalt lapsevanemate sidususe toetajana. Lisaks sellele ilmnes perekeskuse positiivne mõju lapsevanema teadlikkuse tõstjana lapse kasvatusse puutuva teemal, mis oleks Eesti kontekstis väga oluline, kuna vanemaharidus ei ole Eestis hästi ja sihtgrupile kättesaadavalt korraldatud. Avatud perekeskusel võib näha ka olulist rolli vabatahtliku töö populariseerijana. Avatud perekeskuse tööd hindab käesoleva töö autor kulutõhusaks peredele suunatud teenuseks ning küsitledes Eesti lapsevanemaid selgus, et ka Eesti lapsevanemad oleksid huvitatud sellises keskuses käimisest. Analüüsides nendega tehtud intervjuusid ning perekeskuste külastajatega tehtud intervjuusid selgus ka Eesti vanemate vajadus sellise toe järele, mida küsitletud Soome lapsevanemad enda sõnul avatud perekeskusest saavad. Selle põhjal soovitab käesoleva töö autor perepoliitika kujundajatel kaaluda avatud perekeskuste töö toetamise võimalikkust nii Eestis kui ka mujal EL-is.