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listelement.badge.dso-type Kirje , listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs , Baghtsche-Sarai(1834) Claus, Carllistelement.badge.dso-type Kirje , listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs , Deteriorated security environment and its impact on perception of threat in the non-aligned states: a comparative study of the Finnish and Swedish parliamentary debate on security after the Crimean annexation(Tartu Ülikool, 2021) Kanarbik, Daniel; Pääbo, Heiko, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituutIt is widely recognised that Russia’s foreign policy has become increasingly aggressive for the past decades, whereas the Crimean annexation in 2014 has been perceived especially alarming in the European security context. This study examines and compares the Finnish and Swedish parliamentary debate in order to determine how the mainstream political circles have reacted to the deteriorated security environment in the two non-aligned states. By using qualitative content analysis, this study reviews three debates of both countries conducted between 2015-2020, while scrutinising the following topics: NATO membership, military cooperation and national military capabilities. The findings indicate that, in general, threat perception has increased among the political elite of both states, which has found reflection in their altered security policy preferences. The majority of both parliaments favoured enhancing international military cooperation, supported measures to strengthen the country’s national military capabilities, and some political actors changed their position vis-à-vis NATO membership. Regarding the latter, the Swedish debate turned out to be more sophisticated and detailed, and there is an increasingly higher understanding in the parliament that Sweden should opt for membership in the Alliance. However, the membership question has also intensified in the Finnish debate but without significant position changes among the parties. This study concludes that threat perception has witnessed a greater increase in Sweden, which was confirmed with the more concrete and rapid responses to the changed security environment by the Swedish political actors. Secondly, in general terms, both states are gradually drifting away from their old, constructed identity of non-alignment which has previously been a central element of these states’ security thinking.listelement.badge.dso-type Kirje , listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs , Discourses and emotions in narration of the annexation of Crimean peninsula by the Russian Federation(Tartu Ülikool, 2015) Remizov, Oleg; Makarychev, Andrey, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond; Tartu Ülikool. Riigiteaduste instituutThe aim of this thesis is to analyze how the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation is narrated in the leading political discourse and media discourse. This is done by examining two main cases that represent the discourses, a political speech of president Putin and a documentary film by Andrey Kondrashov, through the encoding/decoding model of Stuart Hall. The thesis first identifies the relevant theoretical stances that explain how using the approach of cultural studies helps to analyze images, texts and emotions in politics. The thesis then offers an overview of the Russian case, highlighting the main motives behind the annexation of Crimea and meaning of Crimea for the Russian identity. This is later followed by the analysis of the speech and the documentary. Since the approach of Stuart Hall only identifies the types of encodings and decodings, this thesis seeks to add an additional analysis to the encoded and decoded messages, by identifying narratives and emotions used by the leading political and media discourse. The thesis found that a certain set of narratives and emotions were used by both discourses in explaining the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation. These narratives were quite similar to one another, almost constituting an overlap of the discourses. In order to strengthen the messages, both the speech and the documentary were encoded with strong moral emotions that in turn caused emotional responses at the stage of decoding. The reaction of the audience, hence the decoding stage, was observed via comments in social media, news articles and the blogosphere. The results showed that most of the audience interpreted the messages in a dominant-hegemonic key, thus agreeing with the essence of the proposed messages. The encoded narratives were clearly embraced and empowered by the public. Those narratives containing strong moral emotions got mirrored more often by the audience, thus stressing the power of emotions in delivering messages.listelement.badge.dso-type Kirje , listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs , Feodosia von der Suedseite(1834) Claus, Carllistelement.badge.dso-type Kirje , listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs , Kertsch im Jahre 1834(1834) Claus, Carllistelement.badge.dso-type Kirje , listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs , Krimmi küsimus Ukraina ja Venemaa suhetes 1991-2014(Tartu Ülikool, 2015) Laja, Jaak Erik; Made, Vahur, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Filosoofiateaduskond; Tartu Ülikool. Ajaloo ja arheoloogia instituutlistelement.badge.dso-type Kirje , listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs , Krimmi reisid(1958) Vetlina, Vera Arsenjevnalistelement.badge.dso-type Kirje , listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs , Memories of the genocide and collective tragedy in the contemporary social and political landscape of Crimean Tatars(Tartu Ülikool, 2024) Suleimanov, Ismet; Solovyeva, Alevtina, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Majandusteaduskond; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkondlistelement.badge.dso-type Kirje , listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs , Norm contestation & robustness: the effects of Russia’s contestation in Crimea on the robustness of the prohibition of force norm(Tartu Ülikool, 2021) Prins, Emma; Linsenmaier, Thomas, juhendaja; Mälksoo, Lauri, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituutThe debate on norms and their effectiveness is taking place at the international political level in parallel to the debate on norms in norm scholarship. This thesis aimed to bring them together by applying a theoretical framework on norms to the prohibition of force norm that was contested by Russia in Crimea in 2014 and debated in the United Nations Security Council. The framework predicted that different types of norm contestation have different effects on the norm’s robustness – the latter is expected to strengthen when it predominantly faces applicatory contestation and to weaken when it faces validity contestation. Through qualitative document analysis, the research question on how Russia’s contestation of the prohibition of force norm affected the norm’s robustness was answered. This study firstly established the predominant type of contestation by Russia to be applicatory contestation. Differently than expected, this type of contestation was found to have increased the robustness of the prohibition of force norm along the validity dimension (states belief in the norm) but decreased along the facticity dimension (guiding states actions). Because the dimensions developed in diverging directions in similar volumes, the overall robustness of the norm that was measured before Russia’s contestation (2009-2013) and after (2014-2018) remained at the same level of moderately high based on this study’s indicators. The theoretical expectations that predicted a change in robustness were therefore not affirmed. In turn, this study not only demonstrated the significance of studying the two robustness dimensions separately but also that they should not be assumed to develop in the same direction. Accordingly, this thesis produced empirical backing to the theoretical framework on norm robustness and different types of norm contestation that was lacking. Secondly, it provided insights into the robustness of the prohibition of force norm and how it was affected by Russia’s mode of norm contestation. Lastly, this thesis combined norm scholarship with the international political debate on norms which eventually contributed to bridging the gap between them.listelement.badge.dso-type Kirje , listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs , Pontische Briefe : [Reiseerinnerungen](Riga : Buchdruckerei des "Rigaer Tageblatt", 1889) Goegginger, H.listelement.badge.dso-type Kirje , listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs , Proportionality between violations of national minorities’ rights and the right to secession as a claim to self-determination(Tartu Ülikool, 2019) Akopdzhanyan, Leonid; Värk, René, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Õigusteaduskond; Tartu Ülikoollistelement.badge.dso-type Kirje , listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs , Reise in die Krym und den Kaukasus. Th. [2](Berlin : In der Realschulbuchhandlung, 1815) Parrot, Georg Friedrich; Engelhardt, Otto Moritz Ludwig vonlistelement.badge.dso-type Kirje , listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs , Reise in die Krym und den Kaukasus. Th. 1(Berlin : In der Realschulbuchhandlung, 1815) Parrot, Georg Friedrich; Engelhardt, Otto Moritz Ludwig vonlistelement.badge.dso-type Kirje , listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs , Reise in die Steppen des südlichen Russlands(1838) Göbel, Friedemannlistelement.badge.dso-type Kirje , listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs , Reise in die Steppen des südlichen Russlands. Th. 1(1837) Göbel, Friedemannlistelement.badge.dso-type Kirje , listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs , Russian approaches to the right of peoples to self-determination: from the 1966 United Nations Covenants to Crimea(Tartu Ülikool, 2020) Poghosyan, Sevanna; Mälksoo, Lauri, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Õigusteaduskond; Tartu Ülikoollistelement.badge.dso-type Kirje , listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs , Sewastopol(1834) Claus, Carllistelement.badge.dso-type Kirje , listelement.badge.access-status Avatud juurdepääs , Simferopol von der Nordseite(1834) Claus, Carl