Sirvi Märksõna "detsentraliseerimine" järgi

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Decentralization and its Impacts on Disability Service Delivery in China
(Oxford University Press, 2024-07-16) He, Biao; Halvorsen, Rune; Ding, Peng; Zhang, Wanhong
Amidst the waves of neoliberalism diffused from the Global North, China and other countries in the Global South have adopted decentralization reforms since the 1980s as a strategic approach to drive economic development, improve administrative management, and enhance public service provision. However, empirical observations reveal a nuanced picture of the impacts on public service delivery. This chapter explores how the 1980s and 1990s decentralization reforms in China with its specific characteristics have influenced the disability service delivery by focusing on the provision of accessible government websites. Analyzing the stories of two Chinese municipalities, Wuhan and Shenzhen, this comparative case study identifies divergent outcomes in central-local disability policy transfer and subsequently disability service delivery across localities, arguably linked to the decentralization reforms in the last century. This chapter extends our understanding of the impacts of decentralization on both specific policy domins and societal progress in the Global South.
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Improving public service delivery of transportation in Tbilisi through fiscal decentralisation: lessons from the Dutch case
(Tartu Ülikool, 2019) Kakhadze, Tatia; Muhhina, Kristina, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
During the last couple of decades, after establishing a sovereign state, Georgia has been experiencing challenges with the performance of its public service delivery systems. Recently the Ministry of Regional Development and Infrastructure of Georgia has proposed an innovative decentralisation strategy, which provides a perfect opportunity for exploring the policy options that could be used to improve the overall performance of the public service provision in Georgia. One of the challenges mentioned above is the public transportation system of the capital. Tbilisi strives to have a well-functioning public transportation system; however, current policies cannot keep up with the rapid development and the growth of the city. The Dutch case of decentralisation of the transportation policy is explored in this thesis to seek opportunities for lesson-drawing that could assist Tbilisi in tackling its public transportation problems, and in re-designing its public transportation system. More particularly, the goal of the thesis is to examine how Tbilisi can improve its public service delivery of transportation through fiscal decentralisation while applying Dutch experience in this particular field. This thesis outlines three policy issues in Tbilisi, which includes a lack of performance of the public transportation companies, missing public transport planning and operating systems, and a modest share of the public transport usage, and proposes solutions to these issues by analysing the Dutch case of fiscal decentralisation. The results of this thesis demonstrate that there are multiple lesson-drawing/policy transfer opportunities that could be helpful in addressing the policy challenges in Tbilisi including fiscal decentralisation in terms of expenditure assignment and intergovernmental transfers, as well as, privatisation with the means of competitive tendering. Nevertheless, the research also acknowledges the limitations of policy transfer and the potential constraints of lesson-drawing in policy design.
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Kohalike omavalitsuste organisatsiooni struktuuri komponentide avaldumine: Tallinna ja Tartu linnavalitsuse näitel
(2004) Oja, Indrek; Vadi, Maaja, juhendaja
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Local government absorption capacity problems in the European Union structural funds: the case of Estonia
(2006) Tatar, Merit; Randma-Liiv, Tiina, juhendaja; Kungla, Tarvo, juhendaja
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Modern democratic federations in the digital age: the conditions and prerequisites of electronic government (de-)centralization
(Tartu Ülikool, 2018) Maksimova, Mariia; Solvak, Mihkel, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
This thesis discusses the process of administrative (de-)centralization of electronic government in 11 democratic federations. The research is comparative in nature and process-tracing was used as a primary data analysis method in order to identify the factors that led to the centralization or decentralization of the three electronic government areas. The following factors were discussed in the study: economic resources, the quality of public services, the quality of electronic government and the political orientation of the majority party in the parliament. The work not only analyzes the prerequisites for the actions of the central government regarding the electronic government system aimed at redistributing intergovernmental power-relations but also categorizes these actions in the context of redistribution of administrative powers. Based on the results of the study, the factors of centralization or decentralization of each electronic government area are highlighted, and the main strategies are outlined. As the thesis argues, the desire of federal center to improve the quality of public services and quality of electronic government leads to the decentralization of electronic services area with the centralization of electronic administration, while increasing of economic resources leads to greater centralization of both electronic administration and electronic services.
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Russian strategic ambiguity as a tactic for desecuritization: a case study of the Ukrainian conflict.
(Tartu Ülikooli Euroopa kolledž, 2015) Campbell, Caleb; McNamara, Eoin Micheál, juhendaja
Following Russia’s incursion into Crimea, ambiguous warfare and strategic ambiguity used during the Ukrainian conflict have been cited by NATO as a threat to the future of European security. The use of strategic ambiguity holds many benefits over clear communications, particularly its ability to foster multiple interpretations of and create a united diversity around a specific issue during times of crisis. Within the Copenhagen School of Security Studies and Dr Holger Stritzel’s analytical frameworks for securitization and desecuritization, this research asks the question of whether strategic ambiguity can be used as a tactic to influence audiences for the purpose and process of desecuritization. Critical discourse analysis is used in a case study of the Ukrainian conflict, analysing NATO and Kremlin speeches and transcripts, to identify and analyse how Russia has used strategic ambiguity as a tactic for desecuritization in order to influence its targeted audiences. Much focus is also directed towards explaining how strategic ambiguity has benefited Russia’s campaign of information and psychological warfare. The outcome of this studied has shown mixed results. The author argues from the position that while Russia has been overall unsuccessful in its attempted desecuritization, strategic ambiguity still serves as an important tactic for influencing and dividing perceptions of targeted audiences for the purpose and process of desecuritization.
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Setsessionistliku liikumise kujunemine: Kataloonia näide 2003-2017
(Tartu Ülikool, 2018) Karu, Herman; Pettai, Vello, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
2017. aastal Kataloonias toimunud iseseisvusreferendum ning selleni viinud sündmused on siiani päevakohased, mistõttu on sobilik uurida setsessionistliku liikumise kujunemist. Lähtudes Kataloonia kontekstist, puudutab käesolev bakalaureusetöö tingimusi, mis vähemusrahvuste puhul viivad setsessionistlike liikumiste tekkeni. Setsessionistlike liikumiste tekke uurimiseks on käesolev bakalaureusetöö jaotatud kahte ossa, milleks on teoreetiline pool ning empiiriline pool. Teoreetilises pooles tuuakse välja ning kirjeldatakse erinevaid tingimusi, mis põhjustavad setsessionistliku mobilisatsiooni vähemusrahvuse seas. Uuritavateks tingimusteks on detsentraliseeritud poliitiline süsteem, setsessionistliku liikumise katalüsaator, identiteediküsimus ning majanduslikud ja poliitilised probleemid. Bakalaureusetöö empiirilises osas analüüsitakse setsessionistliku mobilisatsiooni kulgu Kataloonias ning eelnevalt välja toodud tingimuste mõju setsessionistliku liikumise kujunemisele piirkonnas. Empiirilise analüüsi käigus selgus, et Kataloonia kontekstis on setsessionistliku liikumise teket mõjutanud kõik eelnevalt välja toodud tingimused. Detsentraliseeritud süsteem andis võimaluse võimule tulla jõududel, kelle eesmärgiks oli halduspoliitilise olukorra muutmine. Muutuste tulemusena mõjus setsessionistlikule liikumisele katalüsaatorina 2010. aasta Hispaania Konstitutsioonikohtu otsus autonoomia põhikirja muutmisest. Kohtu otsusega tekkisid poliitikat ja majandust puudutavad kaebused, mida setsessionistlik liikumine kasutas hilisemal ajal liikumise õigustamiseks. Vahemikul 2010-2012 toimus poliitiline mobiliseerumine nii rahva kui poliitilise eliidi seas. Selle tulemusena suurenes iseseisva riigi pooldamine rahva seas ning Kataloonia poliitiline eliit asus iseseisvuse nimel tegutsema. Samuti tugevnes antud ajal katalaanide identiteeditajuvus, mis tugevdas setsessionistlikke arusaamu veelgi. Bakalaureusetöö analüüsi põhjal saab öelda, et vähemusrahvuste puhul on setsessionistliku liikumise tekkimise tingimusteks detsentraliseeritud poliitiline süsteem riigis, setsessionistliku liikumise katalüsaatori olemasolu, identiteediküsimus ning majanduslikud ja poliitilised kaebused.
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The applicability of New Public Management principles in Estonian local government
(2006) Tõnnisson, Kristiina; Randma-Liiv, Tiina, juhendaja