Sirvi Märksõna "geopoliitika" järgi

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A Time for Alternative Options? Prospects for the Nordic-Baltic Security Community During the Trump Era
(Helsinki: Finnish Institute of International Affairs, 2017) McNamara, Eoin Micheál
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Ameerika Ühendriikide välispoliitika mõju Lähis-Ida rahuprotsessi arengutele külma sõja kontekstis
(Tartu Ülikool, 2010) Koplimaa, Marko; Lokk, Reigo, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Humanitaarteaduste ja kunstide valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Ajaloo ja arheoloogia instituut
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Ameerika Ühendriikiide interventsioonipoliitika Kesk-Ameerikas Monroe doktriinist külma sõja lõpuni
(Tartu Ülikool, 2009) Tamme, Jürgen; Lokk, Reigo, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Humanitaarteaduste ja kunstide valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Ajaloo ja arheoloogia instituut
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Balti regiooni loomisest 1918-1921
(Tartu Ülikool, 2004) Pirnipuu, Sigrid; Medijainen, Eero, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Humanitaarteaduste ja kunstide valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Ajaloo ja arheoloogia instituut
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Between Trump's America and Putin's Russia: Nordic-Baltic Security Relations amid Transatlantic Drift
(Royal Irish Academy, 2017) McNamara, Eoin Micheál
With the ‘return of geopolitics’ in Europe signalled in earnest by Russia’s illegal annexation of Crimea in 2014, this article examines the implications of DonaldTrump’s unpredictable US security policy for regional security in Northern Europe. While Trump’s public rhetoric chastising NATO creates uncertainties for Europe’s security, his administration’s policy has remained committed to NATO’s deterrence efforts. Against initial expectations for US-Russia rapprochementbased on realpolitik during the Trump era, controversies and the administration’s security policy actions have brought some unexpected discord in relations with Russia. A realist ‘grand bargain’ between Moscow and Washington that marginalises Nordic and Baltic security interests has become a remote prospect. Despite these reprieves, enhanced Nordic-Baltic security and defence cooperation is increasingly necessary. Overcoming occasional divergence in strategic preferences for effective military cooperation will ensure that the Nordic and Baltic states can strengthen regional deterrence and improve political relations with the Trump administration in an era of possible ‘transatlantic drift’.
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Biopower and Geopolitics as Russia's neighbourhood strategies: reconnecting people or reaggregating lands?
(Routledge, 2017) Makarychev, Andrey
In this article, we address geopolitics and biopower as two different yet mutually correlative discursive strategies of sovereign power in Russia. We challenge the dominant realist approaches to Russia’s neighborhood policy by introducing the concept of biopolitics as its key element, which makes analysis of political relations in the post-Soviet area more nuanced and variegated. More specifically, we address an important distinction between geopolitical control over territories and management of population as two of Russia’s strategies in its “near abroad.”
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Capability of dependency policies of great power towards a geostrategic subregion: case studies of the US - Central America and Russia - the Baltics
(2004) Pääbo, Heiko; Pettai, Vello, juhendaja
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China’s geopolitical stratagem: bridging the post-US withdrawal power gap in South Asia and Middle East through diplomacy with Pakistan and Iran
(Tartu Ülikool, 2025) Naqvi, Syed Rasalat Raza; Albulescu, Ana Maria, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
This study explores China’s geopolitical and geoeconomic strategies in South Asia and the Middle East in the aftermath of the U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan, through diplomatic engagement with Pakistan and Iran. It investigates whether this withdrawal created a regional power vacuum and explores how China’s economic and diplomatic mechanisms aim to fill this gap. This study uses neorealism as a theoretical framework and a Small-N Most Similar Systems Design (MSSD), to analyse China's initiatives such as the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and the 25-year strategic agreement with Iran. The findings demonstrate that China strategically integrates economic investments and diplomatic engagements to maximize its regional influence to realign the power dynamics. This study contributes to neorealist theory by illustrating how economic and diplomatic mechanisms are increasingly an important tool for achieving geopolitical objectives.
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Eesti meedias Iraagi sõjale eelnenud debati analüüs kriitilise geopoliitika võtmes
(Tartu Ülikool, 2013) Ojalill, Tanel; Berg, Eiki, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond; Tartu Ülikool. Riigiteaduste instituut
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Ethnopolitics in Central and Eastern Europe in a State of Flux
(Taylor & Francis Online, 2019) Petsinis, Vassilis
This is the introduction to a special section based on selected contributions for the ‘Ethnopolitics in Central and Eastern Europe in a State of Flux’ international conference (UPTAKE research consortium, Johan Skytte Institute of Political Studies, University of Tartu, Estonia, February 9th- 10th, 2018).
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Geopoliitiline kallutatus globaalses uudismeedias 2019. aastal metsatulekahjude kajastamisel: CNN, Euronews ja Al Jazeera
(Tartu Ülikool, 2020) Eelmäe, Elerin; Seppel, Külliki, juhendaja; Toomla, Raul, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
Metsatulekahjud on iga-aastane nähtus mitmeis maailma paigus, ent aasta-aastalt purunevate kuumarekordite ning kliimamuutuste kontekstis on laiaulatuslikud ning hävitulikud metsatulekahjud saamas normiks. Ometi ei ole see normaalne ega ökosüsteemi jaoks jätkusuutlik toimimisviis, mistõttu on tarvis, et inimkond oleks teadlik taolistest muutustest ning tulekahjude toimumisest. Teisalt mõjutab metsatulekahjude kajastamise viis ka neile lõpu panemist annetuste, vabatahtliku tegevuse jms näol. Meedias saavad aga sageli eelisjärjekorras kajastust sündmused ja riigid, mis leiavad aset arenenud või võimuhierarhias kõrgel kohal paiknevates riikides, aga ka omavad väljaande riigiga geograafilisi, majanduslikke, poliitilisi või kultuurilisi sidemeid. Nii on antud töö eesmärgiks selgitada välja geopoliitika roll meediakajastuse sisu ja mahu kujunemisel globaalsetes uudismeedia väljaannetes CNN, Euronews ja Al Jazeera. Globaalse uudismeedia kontekstis on uudisväärtuse kriteeriumitele põhinedes võimalik teha järeldusi metsatulekahjude kohta avaldatud artiklite kohta. Esmalt selgitas autor välja CNNis, Euronewsis ja Al Jazeeras 2019. aastal metsatulekahjude kohta avaldatud artiklid, mille põhjal saadi tulemused kajastuse hulga, ajalise jaotuvuse, kajastatud põlengute ning riikide kohta. Entmani raamistamisteooriale tuginev kvalitatiivne sisuanalüüs viidi sisuliste tendentside eristamiseks läbi kolme enim kajastust saanud põlenguga – Austraalia, California, Amazonas. Põhifunktsioonist lähtuvalt eristati seostavad, põhjuseid määravad, süüdistavad ning lahendusi pakkuvad raamid. Tulemustes selgus, et metsatulekahjusid kajastati CNNis, Al Jazeeras ja Euronewsis sarnases mahus, ka sarnanes kajastuse ajaline jaotuvus. Küll aga esines rohkelt erinevusi konkreetsete põlengute ning nendega seostavate riikide kajastamisel, mis tingis ka kajastuste erinevused maailmajagude vahel. CNNi ja Al Jazeera puhul ilmnes selgelt geopoliitiline kallutatus metsatulekahjude kajastamisel, Euronewsi puhul mitte nii selgelt. Läbivalt said enim kajastust tuumikriigid, samas kui pool-perifeeria ja perifeeria riigid said märkimisväärselt vähem kajastust. Kajastus ei lange kokku 2019. aastal enim põlenud riikidega. Raamide määramisel selgus, et Austraalia põlengu kajastamine oli läbivalt väga sarnane, samas kui California ja Amazonase kajastamisel domineeris igas väljaandes erinev lähenemine. Kui kajastus Euronewsis oli läbivalt poliitiline, mis väljendus ka CNNis ja Al Jazeeras, siis viimases kahes oli kajastus mitmekesisem, hõlmates konkreetseid konflikte, keskkonnaraami ning indiviidi tasandit. Metsatulekahjude kajastamine CNNis, Euronewsis ja Al Jazeeras on erinev, kuid väljendab mitmeid sarnaseid tendentse ning omab geopoliitilisi mõjutusi.
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Geopolitical considerations of Brazil in the Amazon
(Tartu Ülikool, 2024) Williams, Benjamin; Berg, Eiki, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
This thesis provides a look into the world of Brazilian geopolitical reasoning and its themes through a lens of critical geopolitics. Using content analysis through theoretically informed coding of textual material to deconstruct the meanings, the relevance of geopolitical reasoning can be exposed, and thereby signify the importance of Amazon for Brazil. The thesis compares two different periods in Brazilian History, the period of 1964-1985 and 1985-2023. The first case represents the period of military dictatorship and the second, a return to democracy. An overview of how Brazil had historically given meaning to the Amazonian space is given which is then followed by an analysis of speeches from first or dictatorship period. Historically the meaning was driven by an understanding of geopolitical thought coming mainly from Rudolf Kjellen, Fredrich Ratzel, and Halford Mackinder. Organic State theory and the idea of a South American Heartland were very influential. An impetus for this development was an unevenly populated and developed country. Resource exploitation, territorial claims, security threats, and economic development are themes prevalent during the dictatorship. Moving into the modern period there is a shift toward themes of economic development based on human rights and environmental security concerns along with an increase in declaring to other nations that Brazil has sovereignty over the Amazon. Though the shift doesn’t happen to the exclusion of resource exploitation or security threats. However, the justification changes. The shift in language from more classical geopolitical thought to more social and environmental themes indicates the significance of geopolitical reasoning in Brazil.
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Geopolitical policy dilemma for Eastern Partnership countries: democracy and security
(Tartu Ülikool, 2022) Hajiyev, Elvin; Braghiroli, Stefano, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
The Eastern Partnership (EaP) was established in 2009 to formalize the EU's interactions with Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, and Moldova. The EU's goal was to strengthen cooperation, play a role to these states' economic, political, and social development, and enhance stability in the region. However, the Kremlin was concerned regarding EU initiatives to establish its own influence in the region in the CIS space: to deprive Russia of the status of the prioritized partner of some of the six aforementioned countries through the EaP and to create an alternative to Russia's integrationist strategies in the CIS. The research study seeks to highlight geopolitical policy dilemma for Eastern Partnership Countries and underline policy tools employed by the regional actors over 6 program countries by attempting to identify an answer to the question that why the promotion of democracy which is an important element of EU’s value-driven foreign policy triggers conflict of interest with Russia which leads to the security challenges for these 6 countries. Furthermore, it identifies the main motivations for the EU-Russia involvement in the region and clarifies different approaches to policymaking. The qualitative research method of data analysis, particularly document analysis is used in this research study to clarify where Russia's and the EU's objectives intersect. On the other hand, the research by analyzing the EaP countries individually examines the domestic implications from the perspectives of democratization and security challenges in which the regional actors directly or indirectly are playing important roles. The thesis is based on neoliberal theory reflecting on the research question. Particularly offensive and defensive realism explains the appropriate reaction to the security dilemma of the EaP countries. Furthermore, one of the key emphasis is placed on the issue of the security dilemma, how it demonstrates on the challenges in the EaP countries, and how it characterizes the geopolitical situation for the EaP. As a result, the research argues on the geopolitical policy dilemma of the EaP countries inferred from the conflict of interest between Russia and the EU.
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Geopolitics of sports mega-events: why is international sport moving to emerging countries?
(Tartu Ülikool, 2016) Koorep, Ranno; Makarychev, Andrey, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
A growing number of major sports mega-events, usually held in Western liberal states, are finding new hosts in the emerging world. This has risen controversial opinions but the question of why this trend is happening remains. The following thesis draws attention to the socio-political factors behind the phenomenon. The theoretical part discusses relations between sports mega-events and the forces of globalization. Theory of hybridization is considered most suitable in the context of the work. Possible explanations to the research question are assessed on the basis of existing literature. Bidding processes for the hosting rights of eight consecutive Olympic Games are examined in the empirical part. It is concluded that the existence of geopolitical aspirations is the most important factor causing international sport to move towards emerging countries.
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Geopolitics on the streets: the symbolic connections between Northern Ireland, Palestine, and Israel in murals and flags
(Tartu Ülikool, 2025) Niit, Kertu; Berg, Eiki, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
This thesis examines how murals and flags in Northern Ireland express symbolic solidarity with the Israel–Palestine conflict, revealing how visual culture is used to construct and perform geopolitical identity in a post-conflict setting. Drawing on critical and popular geopolitics, as well as theories of space, memory, and representation, the study investigates how Catholic/Republican and Protestant/Unionist communities visually align themselves with Palestine and Israel, respectively. Using visual discourse analysis, it analyses a dataset of murals and flags photographed in Belfast and Derry/Londonderry in 2024, supplemented by archival material. The findings show that Republican communities primarily express solidarity through murals that link Irish anti-colonial narratives to the Palestinian struggle, using visual tropes such as martyrdom, resistance, and shared historical grievance. In contrast, Unionist communities more often use flags to signal allegiance with Israel, reflecting themes of religious identification, statehood, and ideological continuity. These differences reflect deeper cultural and strategic choices in visual communication, shaped by the historical development of each community's representational practices. The thesis concludes that murals and flags are not merely reflective of identity, but are active tools in the ongoing spatial production of post-conflict political meaning, embedding local narratives within global frameworks of solidarity and opposition.
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Geopolitics, Ethnopolitics and the EU: The Cases of Serbia and Latvia
(Taylor & Francis Online, 2019) Petsinis, Vassilis
This work is a study on the patterns of managing ethnic relations in Serbia and Latvia. It aims at enhancing the cross-regional exchange of knowledge between the Western Balkans and the Baltic States. This study demonstrates that as the bond between geopolitics and ethnopolitics grows more powerful, the liberalization of minority policies would become less feasible within a state. It also hints that the intersection between geopolitics and ethnopolitics should not be perceived as ‘fixed’ but it can be subject to fluctuations and readjustments. Therefore, the interaction between endogenous and exogenous actors can impact the engagement(s) by the EU in the field of minority rights to varying degrees and within different contexts.
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Hiina Rahvavabariigi majanduslikud ja poliitilised huvid Aafrikas alates 1955. aastast
(Tartu Ülikool, 2011) Jürgenson, Helika; Hiiemaa, Karin, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Humanitaarteaduste ja kunstide valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Ajaloo ja arheoloogia instituut
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Identity in a country in transit: external projections vs internal conceptions of the Caspian macroregion from the perspective of Kazakhstan
(Tartu Ülikool, 2024) Stage, Harry John; Mach, Zdzisław, juhendaja; Pääbo, Heiko, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Johan Skytte poliitikauuringute instituut
English-language political discourse on relations of states surrounding the Caspian Sea is increasingly constructed through geopolitical language, rooted in contestation, conflict and instability in international political discourse. This thesis critically examines the ‘Caspian Region’, a term first politicised in US foreign policy strategic discourse, to understand how this space is understood from the perspective of those who live and work there. This research is premised on the basis that the Caspian Region, like all political norms and societal structures, is socially constructed. The author rejects the normative view that regions and boundaries are permanent or immovable. Therefore, the Constructivist School of IR provides the intellectual backdrop to the inquiry. Critic Geopolitics and Neoregionalism augment this field to critically analyse the conventional world map and gain the ontological perspective required to encapsulate organic processes of region-building within a certain space. Using identity as an ‘eye-opener’, the author seeks to determine the importance of the spatial element of the foreign policy priorities of Kazakhstan and how individuals locate this. To do so, 16 academics, foreign policy analysts, and strategists from or based in Kazakhstan have been interviewed. This research finds that the external construction of a ‘Caspian Region’ is not matched within a leading state of the area concerned. The reasons for this are found in political, cultural and spatial relationships and processes. Kazakhstan does not see the Caspian Region as a profitable project. The political will required to undertake structural changes is lacking. Following centuries of Imperial Russian then Soviet political, economic and cultural superiority imposed on Kazakhstan, in the period since independence 1991 the country and its citizens have been in renegotiating what it means to be Kazakh. A process hastened by Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. Most Kazakhs are hesitant to engage in further cooperation in a Russia-dominated political project, underpinned by multivectorism -- Kazakhstan’s central foreign policy doctrine that seeks to balance regional superpowers – which supersedes relations with one pole at the expense of another. Kazakhstan’s regional priorities instead like in the concept of Central Asian/Eurasian states, not influenced by regional powers Russian and Iran. What the US sees as contestable space continues to be Russia’s backyard. Local ideational forces inhibit the state’s ability to act in tandem with the regional superpower to develop a regional project. The contestation over key concepts used in popular political discourses leads the author to propose a novel framework for studying this space in International Relations, contributing to the decolonization of Central & East European, Russian and Eurasian Studies discourse. The author argues that the political culture of Kazakhstan and systems of (pan) national identification locate region building priorities for Kazakhstan in Central Asia, rather than the ‘Caspian Region’.
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Kaliningradi küsimus rahvusvahelistes suhetes Teise maailmasõja lõpust tänapäevani
(Tartu Ülikool, 2004) Timmermann, Mariliis; Medijainen, Eero, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Humanitaarteaduste ja kunstide valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Ajaloo ja arheoloogia instituut
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Kas Aafrika riik on globaalpoliitika vang? Nigeeria näitel
(Tartu Ülikool, 2007) Koppel, Kadri; Hiiemaa, Karin, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Humanitaarteaduste ja kunstide valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Ajaloo ja arheoloogia instituut