Sirvi Märksõna "nineteenth century" järgi

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Horizontal Threads: Towards an Entangled Spatial History of the Romanov Empire
(Cambridge University Press, 2025-10-30) Gibson, Catherine; Kotenko, Anton
This article outlines an emerging approach in the spatial history of the Romanov empire. Similar to other empires of the long nineteenth century, the Romanov empire has traditionally been understood as a spoked wheel, whose vertical axes of power and lines of communication flowed between the metropolitan “core” and the “peripheries.” We argue for the need to move beyond this well-worn image of the empire as a vertical structure of “center-periphery” relations. Instead, we consider the heuristic potential of studying horizontal “periphery-periphery” entanglements interconnecting this state, following threads which were not necessarily woven through the metropole. The argument is illustrated through a discussion of several examples from the Baltic and southwestern provinces, which highlight both the challenges and potentials of intra-imperial entangled history.
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The Codebook of Willem Six van Oterleek: Dutch Diplomatic Intelligence from Saint Petersburg between 1806-1810
(Tartu University Library, 2026-06-22) van Kampen, Florentijn; Desenclos, Camille; Pierrot, Cécile
Between 1806 and 1810, Willem Six van Oterleek served as diplomatic representative of the Netherlands in Saint Petersburg, Russia. During these years, van Oterleek kept his Minister of Foreign Affairs informed as fully as possible about political developments, information he received from other diplomats and the couleur locale from his posting in Saint Petersburg. This sensitive communication was to be kept secret and was therefore sent in code. These coded messages and the accompanying codebook that was used to protect them survived in the Dutch National Archives. This article will explore this codebook, analyse code usage and decode the secret messages to present a unique peek behind the curtain of the diplomatic developments and intrigues of those days.