How Aunt-Like Are You? Exploring Gender Bias in the Genderless Estonian Language: A Case Study

Abstract

This paper examines gender bias in Estonian, a grammatically genderless Finno-Ugric language, which doesn't have gendered noun system nor any gendered pronouns, but expresses gender through vocabulary. In this work, we focus on the male-female compound words ending with -tädi ‘aunt’ and -onu ‘uncle’, aiming to pinpoint the occupations these words signify for women and men, and to examine whether they reveal occupational differentiation and gender stereotypes. The findings indicate that these compounds go beyond occupational titles and highlight prevalent gender bias.