Sirvi Autor "Davies, Alexander Stewart, juhendaja" järgi

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Criticsism of the Propositionalist Approach to Solving the Problem of Opaque Attitude Contexts, and an Outline of an Alternative
(Tartu Ülikool, 2013) Lõbus, Indrek; Cohnitz, Daniel, juhendaja; Davies, Alexander Stewart, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Filosoofiateaduskond; Tartu Ülikool. Filosoofia osakond
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Does an argument for a detached school contain an incoherence?
(Tartu Ülikool, 2018) Rozumna, Viktoriia; Davies, Alexander Stewart, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Humanitaarteaduste ja kunstide valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Filosoofia osakond
In this thesis, I argue that Levinson’s argument for a detached school is inconsistent in the sense that the solution to the problem of cultural coherence of a child’s identity violates the function of a detached school. However, I argue, this incoherence could be resolved by introducing a particular requirement to the content of civic education. With this aim, I explain Levinson’s arguments that children in a liberal state should be educated for autonomy. I show why, according to Levinson, valuation of autonomy by a liberal state makes the three commitments of liberalism – to good life pluralism, to a legitimation process, and to substantive liberal institutions – consistent with one another. Since a liberal state must be committed to the valuation of autonomy, a system of formal schooling must be such that generates children with an ability for autonomy. I explain what is the conception of autonomy that, according to Levinson, should be promoted within a liberal state. Since one of the requirements of the minimal substantive conception of autonomy poses a problem for an ideal liberal school, I explain Levinson’s solution to it and point out the incoherence of such a solution. Finally, I defend Levinson’s argument for a detached school by showing how the incoherence in question could be resolved. I present further objections to the proposed solution and reply to them.
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Heather Burnetti persoona-põhisest vaenusõnade käsitlusest
(Tartu Ülikool, 2024) Soon, Liis; Davies, Alexander Stewart, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Humanitaarteaduste ja kunstide valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Filosoofia osakond
Käesolev bakalaureusetöö sukeldus Heather Burnetti käsitlusse sõnadest ‘dyke’ ja ‘lesbian’. Burnetti persoonadel põhinev ekstensioonide eristus toob jätkuvat selgust vaenusõnade ja nende neutraalsete vastete vahekorra küsimusse. Ideoloogilistel struktuuridel põhinev vaenusõna halvustava efekti seletus on huvitav, aga lõppkokkuvõttes jätab soovida. Esimene peatükk tutvustas laiemat tausta, teine peatükk esitas Burnetti teooria ning asetas selle konteksti.
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In defense of beliefs as stably high credences: how stability theory of belief avoids the problem of conviction based on purely statistical evidence
(Tartu Ülikool, 2021) Machavariani, Sophio; Davies, Alexander Stewart, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Humanitaarteaduste ja kunstide valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Filosoofia osakond
In the thesis, I defended STB from Staffel’s criticism where she argues that STB provides neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition on rational belief. The reason for this is that STB is argued to allow for a belief in guilt based on purely statistical evidence, which is counterintuitive. I showed that this inference fails: conviction based on a narrative for guilt ensures that the conviction is not issued based on purely statistical evidence. Since in the cases that involve narratives for and against guilt STB (complemented with pragmatic constraints on accusing narrative) performs fine, the theory avoids the problem of purely statistical evidence. In the end, I dismissed a concern that STB when complemented with pragmatic constraints fails to provide a necessary condition on rational belief. A corollary of my defense of STB from Staffel’s criticism is an account of how STB can be fruitfully deployed in a court context. This makes room for further research on whether the combination of STB and the pragmatic constraints on accusing narratives provide a promising explication of the beyond reasonable doubt standard and, hence, a novel candidate to modeling legal standards of proof in both probabilistic and non-probabilistic ways.
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Metalinguistic denial and its felicity conditions
(Tartu Ülikool, 2021) Celli, Gabriele; Davies, Alexander Stewart, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Humanitaarteaduste ja kunstide valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Filosoofia osakond
In the literature on denial, not much attention has been paid to metalinguistic denial, a speech act used to object to metalinguistic information in a conversation. The purposes of this paper are to describe the effects of a metalinguistic denial in a Stalnakerian framework of conversations and to determine the felicity conditions of metalinguistic denial. To fulfil the first purpose, I propose to represent in the framework used metalinguistic information as “metalinguistic propositions”. Each metalinguistic proposition encodes a criterion used to determine the meaning of an expression in a conversation. These are the entities a metalinguistic denial objects to. After introducing metalinguistic propositions, I model the effects of metalinguistic denial on a conversation. To fulfil the second purpose, we need to represent why, in some cases, a metalinguistic denial needs to be followed by an explanation to be felicitous. In order to do so, I argue we have to introduce propositions that speakers acknowledge as possible points of disagreement in the conversation. I call these propositions “contestable metalinguistic propositions”. I argue that if speakers cannot figure out which contestable metalinguistic propositions are being denied by a metalinguistic denial, an explanation has to follow the denial.
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On Retraction: a way for the truth-relativist to respond to the truth-contextualist
(Tartu Ülikool, 2024) Kaeramaa, Erik; Davies, Alexander Stewart, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Humanitaarteaduste ja kunstide valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Filosoofia osakond
In conclusion, the results presented in the article Public Retractions offers the relativist a way to respond to the results presented in the article Predicates of Personal Taste. If the results in Predicates of Personal taste showed, that ordinary language speaker`s intuitions do not support retraction of statements that involve predicates of personal taste, then the results in Public Retractions show, that ordinary language speakers think that in public settings, it is necessary to retract statements that involve predicates of personal taste and are no longer true.
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Pinker’s Dilemma: Why Linguistic Relativity Is neither False in Principle nor Trivial
(Tartu Ülikool, 2013) Hallaste, Peeter-Paul; Davies, Alexander Stewart, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Filosoofiateaduskond; Tartu Ülikool. Filosoofia osakond
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Slur or False Friend? An Assessment of "False Friends” Arguments
(Tartu Ülikool, 2019) Soodla, Helo Liis; Davies, Alexander Stewart, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Humanitaarteaduste ja kunstide valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Filosoofia osakond
Finally, in this thesis I have shown that four accounts of slurs consider the social context of both Estonia and anglophone countries to be such that it satisfies the criteria for a word in said context to be a slur. However, besides a brief note on the omitted theories, I have not touched upon why accounts centred around CIs or presuppositions have not been explicitly addressed in this thesis. One reason for this is that the ‘tests’ these two accounts use to assess slurs include comparing how their derogatory aspect scopes out under negation, in conditionals, etc. However, it is unclear whether the linguistic constructions in Estonian straightforwardly model those in English (e.g. kui…siis vs if…then). This poses a larger question for analytical philosophy done in different languages. According to Pérez (2018, p. 10), “language is not a neutral vehicle for our thoughts”. It might be the case that in my analysis of Estonian and English words I have not paid enough attention to how the different languages themselves affect the ideas, concepts and proposals put forward. Altogether these remarks point to a necessity for refining our understanding of formal semantics for Estonian in the future. Comparing slur-like words could be of help in clarifying these distinctions.
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The problem of creepy personalised recommendations in banks
(Tartu Ülikool, 2025) Yaroshyk, Palina; Davies, Alexander Stewart, juhendaja; Kitt, Lennart, juhendaja; Tartu Ülikool. Humanitaarteaduste ja kunstide valdkond; Tartu Ülikool. Filosoofia osakond
This thesis set out to investigate two primary questions: (1) what makes some personalised recommendations from banks feel creepy, and (2) how banks can maintain highly personalised recommendations while eliminating creepiness. To address these questions, the thesis employed a strategy of first establishing a theoretical framework, examining cases where the risk of creepiness is lower or absent compared to the same recommendation given in different context, and, finally, proposing some practical solutions for banks based on the insights gained, aiming to preserve the benefits of personalisation and eliminate the harms of creepiness.